Some contend that this is the earliest the Hudson Bay Company
entered into the Metis Red River Region for trade.
It is noteworthy that potatoes are being harvested at the Red River des Metis Colony.


  03/09/2012

METIS HISTORY 1795-1797

METIS HISTORY Return to METIS 1750-1799 index

METIS HISTORY Return to MAIN METIS index

DIRECTORY Return to MAIN HISTORY index

The North West Company is being accused of restricting free trade.
The North West Company proposed a merger with the Hudson Bay Company
to jointly exploit the North West Territories and the Pacific.

1793  

(I)-James Bird Sr., a.k.a. James Curtis (d-1856), is in charge of South Branch House, York until 1794.

(I)-Alexander Birston Orkney, (1774-1829) employed HBC (1793-1821) and brother (I)-Magnus Birston (1769-1837), employed HBC (1790-1821) both posted mostly York Factory then West Winnipeg, and retired Red River.  Alexander married Indian Woman likely 1804 York Factory d-1821.  Magnus also married Indian Woman also likely York Factory
3 sons over 16, one daughter over 15, living Loy 9, Red River.
    (II)-Alexander Birston Metis (1805-1869) married April 7, 1831, Sally Budd (1806-1833)
    (II)-Nancy Birston Metis married 1830 James Waller (Vollar)
        Elizabeth Waller b-1849 married 1867 (III)-Robert Alexabnder Taylor Metis b-1837
    (II)-William Birston Metis (1808-1888) married 1833 (II)-Mary Kirkness Metis b-1818 daughter (I)-James Kirkness
            (III)-Margaret Tod Metis b-1838 married James Flett
    (II)-Magnus Birston Metis (1811/15-1875) married 1830 Nancy Lyons (1811-1893) daughter John Lyons (HBC 1799-1816) and Margaret Kipling; Magnus joined  HBC (1855-1857) Swan River
        (III)-Nancy Briston Metis bapt 1833
       

Charles Bousquet established a trading post at Lower Red Lake.

Louis Brazeau born 1793 North West, census 1834 Red River.

(I)-Alexander Bremner (1793-1842)  married 1833 (II)-Elizabeth Twat Metis (1800-1885)  North West Territories daughter (I)-Magnus Twat (1751/62 and Margaret Indian  b-1767.

Toussaint Charbonneau,  (1767-1843), claims to be the son of a Frenchman from Boucherville and Sioux woman, is an engage the N.W.C.  at Fort Pine on the Assiniboine River.  Most claim he was not a Metis.  He married Sacagawea, bird woman his purchased slave and  Otter Woman also his purchased slave both Shoshone women from the Hidatsa on the Missouri River.  Others say he won them in a card game.  The Shoshone ranged from Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado to Manitoba.  It is assumed he considered them as purchased wife's.  The Hidatsa had captured these two young women on one of their annual raiding and hunting parties to the west.  He settled in the upper Missouri River near Bismark, North Dakota where he settled.  He became a free agent.

Prairie du Chien, birth Angelique Brisbois, Metis died 1827 daughter Michel Brisbois (1759-1837) and a Winnebago Metis woman.

(I)-Robert Chilton (Chiltern) Sr. from Stockton, employed HBC (1793-1812) Moose Factory, married Indian Woman, he abandoned wife and two  children when he returned Britain in 1812.  
    (II)-Richard Chilton Metis b-1800 Eastman
    (II)-Robert Chilton Metis (1796-1863) b-Moose joined HBC (1811-1863) Eastman, Moose, RupertRiver

Alexander Birston, b-1774, died July 11, 1829 Red River, arrived 1793 York Factory and worked there until 1800.  He married an Indian woman about 1804, who died before August 12, 1821.  They had four Metis children:  Alexander (1805-1869), Nancy (1806-1887), William (1808-1888), Magnas (1811-1875).

Charles Boue b-1793 Canada, living 1850 census Sault Ste. Marie, Wisconsin,

(II)-Colin Campbell, Metis born about 1793-94 Upper Mississippi District son (I)-John Archibald Campbell (1775-1808) and Ninse a Dakota woman; married (II)-Elizabeth McGillivray Metis b-1801

Robert Clouston b-1793 married Nancy Metis b-1804 likely North West. 

Louis Dubrail born 1793 likely Fond du Lac (end of Lake Superior), Wisconsin married August 30, 1835 La Pointe, Wisconsin Theresia Kitchikwe born 1787 likely born Fond du Lac, Wisconsin.

Pierre Falcon, Metis, born 1793 Swan River, (Saskatchewan) North West Territories son Pierre Falcon, and Missouri River Indian woman possibly Mandan or Cree, baptized September 18, 1798 at La Prairie also listed St. Francis, Red River.  He married 1812 (II)-Mary Grant, Metis b-1794/95 North West Territories daughter (I)-Cuthbert Grant d-1799 & Utiniwasis Indian woman

(I)-Peter Fidler (1769-1822) returned to York Factory and explored Seal River.

Joseph Flammand (Flambeau?) born 1793 North West, census 1835 Red River.

Francois Fournier Metis b-1793/96, Red River des Metis married Angelique Methot Metis b-1800 Red River.

(I)-James Gaddy, Jr (1774-1833) employed HBC (1793-1823) mostly York Factory and inland.  Retired to Red River 1823, and drowned 1833 married Mary Indian b-1775, they had five children, 
    (II)-Catherine Gaddy Metis b-1799 married Etienne Lambert b-1795
    (II)-Isabella Gaddy, Metis, married (II)-Samuel Cook Metis (1797-1823)
    (II)-James Gaddy, Metis, 
    (II)-John Gaddy, Metis
    (II)-William Gaddy, Metis.  .

Joseph Garreau a Coureurs des Bois settled in with the Aricara (Arikara) Indians a splinter group of the Pawnee of Nebraska.

Theresia Gauthier born 1793 most likely Lake Superior died March 21, 1863 La Pointe, Wisconsin.

Moose Factory (Ontario), birth (II)-Anne Gladman, Metis (1793-1796) drowned daughter (I)-George Gladman (1765-1821) and Mary More (Moar) an Indian woman from Moose Factory (1774-1858)

(I)-Robert Grant, d-1801, one of the founders of the NWC retired this year and returned to Scotland, he is the younger brother of (I)-Cuthbert Grant d-1799 who is still active in the fur trade. 

(II)-Cuthrert Grant, Jr.Metis b-1703 Fort Tremblante, Saskatchewan NWT son (I)-Cuthbert Grant, Sr. d-1799 of NWC and Utiniwasis b-1775 Indian: married 1st Elizabeth McKay; married 2nd Madeleine Desmarais; married 3rd Marguerite McGillis 

(IV)-Pierre Antoine (Fanfan) Grignon, Metis (1777- 1823) of Green Bay son (II)-Pierre Grignon (1740-1795) and Menominee/Winnebago traded the Upper Mississippi and St. Croic River from 1793 to 1802.

(I)-Robert Goodwin (1781-1805), Hudson Bay Company Factor at Osnaburgh Post (Lake St. Joseph) Albany District, noted that there is not a man here that can go to Cat Lake or knows the way.  He eventually bribed some Ojibwa, with promises and gifts, to guide the men.  A Northwest Company Post is established on Lake St. Joseph near the Bay Post.

Albany District, birth (II)-Caroline Goodwin, Metis (1793-1832), daughter (I)-Robert Goodwin aka Goodwyn, (1761-1805) employed HBC 1781-1805) married about 1790 Albany District, Jenny Mistigoose d-1798 daughter Puckethwanisk: married (II)-James Hodgson, Metis B-1785.

(II)-Cuthbert Grant, Jr. Metis (Cree or Assiniboine), born late this year at Grant House, a.k.a. Aspen House and Fort de la Riviere Tremblante (Saskatchewan) died July 15, 1854 at White Horse Plains a.k.a. St. Francois Xavier, Manitoba.  Son (I)-Cuthbert Grant the wealthy Scot who died 1799 and a Cree or Assiniboine woman (Utiniwasis).  The brother of (I)-Robert Grant, d-1801 a Scot and one of the founding fathers of NWC who built Grant House for the North West Company in 1791.  White Horse Plains is near Fort Garry and became known as St Boniface.  Cuthbert Jr. married three times, 1st. Elizabeth McKay, 2nd Madeleine Desmaris and 3rg Marguerite McGillis.

Charles Huireault b-1793 married Marie Grey Metis b-1805 most likely North West.

John Johnson Indian b-1793 married Sally Thomas Indian b-1800 most likely North West.

(I)-John Johnson (1762?-1828) or (1742-1830?) returned to the west and settled at La Pointe, Wisconsin.

Theresa Kesiwawbay b-1793, living 1870 census, Cross Village, Michigan.

John Kewaygomoaw b-1793, died 1907, Michigan.

Moses Keywaychewoin b-1793, living 1870 census Bradley, Michigan.

John (Joannes) Kodons (hides something (concealer)) born 1793 likely Lake Superior, died August 21, 1853 LaPointe, Wisconsin.

Francis (Franciscus) Lamoure born 1793 likely Lake Superior died February 3, 1853 LaPointe, Wisconsin.

Andrew MacKenzie, Metis is born Fort York son Alexander MacKenzie and Indian Woman.  Not sure this is (II)-Alexander (1763-1820) or old Alexander MacKenzie of XL company?  But why would NWC men be in York Factory?  Unless if abandoned and native women took him to York Factory?

(I)-Andrew McDermot b-1793 Ireland married (III)-Sarah McNab Metis b-1803 Red River Settlement daughter (II)-Thomas McNab Metis b-1782 North West Territories and Marie Saulteaux Indian b-1800 North West Territories.

Jean Baptiste McKay Metis (1793/1799) son Jean Baptiste Depatie and native Temiscaming.

Albany birth (II)-William (Pickeral face) McKay, Metis born March 27, 1793, died January 13, 1887,  son (I)-Mad Donald McKay (1753-1833) and (II)-Hannah Sutherland, Metis, died 1802 near York Factory,  likely daughter (I)-James Sutherland (1751-1797).  William joined HBC (1809-1871)   Married  Julia Chalifoux (Anglican Church Records); Janet Jordon Matheson, b.1817, Rupert’s Land .   Children: Will dated 22 July 1851 mentions sons and daughters as; 
    (II)-William McKay Metis , 
    (II)-John Dugald  McKay, Metis 
    (II)-Joseph McKay Metis (1832?-1862) 
    (II)-Mary McKay Metis  
    (II)-Anne McKay Metis 

Albany Factory, birth (II)-William McKay, Metis b-1793 son (I)-John McKay (1753-1810) and (II)-Marie Favel Metis b-1775; married Janet Matheson b-1819

(II)-William McKay, Metis, b-1793, Albany Factory, son (I)-John McKay, b-1753/1763, Scotland died July 5, 1810 and (II)- Mary Favel, Metis, b-1775, Albany, daughter (I)-John Favell Jr.d-1784 and Tittmeg aka Titameg native woman

Winnipeg River:  (II)-William McKay (1793/95-1887) alias 'Pickerel Face' face, Metis son (I)-Mad Donald McKay(1753-1833) and (II)-Hannah Sutherland, Metis d-1802; William joined HBC and was employed (1809-1871) NWT, married 1st Julia Chalifoux; 2nd marriage Janet Jordon Matheson b-1817 Ruperts Land
    (III)-Joseph William McKay Metis
    (III)-John Dugald McKay Metis
    (III)-Joseph McKay Metis (1832-1862)
    (III)-Mary McKay Metis
    (III)-Anne McKay Metis
    (III)-Louisa McKay Metis
    (III)-Matilda McKay Metis

William McKay Metis b-1793 Red River des Metis Settlement married Mary Burn Metis b-1796 North West Territories.

(II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis, (1770-1808) brother (II)-William McGillivray, Metis, (1764-1825) son (I))-William McGillivray and Susan Indian and nephew to (I)-Simon McTavish (1750-1804) spent most of his career (1793-1802) working the North Saskatchewan River. 

(I)-Simon McTavish (1750-1804) married Marguerite Chaboillez a Metis in Montreal. 

William Marow b-1793, living 1870 census Bay Mills, Michigan.

Mawnedogawbowe b-1793, living 1870 census Northport, Michigan.

Maria Megiswewe (Wampum Shell) born 1793 likely Lake Superior died August 5, 1853 LaPointe, Wisconsin.

Mendawnoquay b-1793, living 1870 census Fountain, Michigan.

Theresa Metawis b-1793, living 1870 census Fountain, Michigan.

William Mirow b-1793, living 1870 census Bay Mills, Michigan.

(I)-James Monkman (1775-1865) joined HBC 1793-1816, settled Red River.  Married 1827 Mary Cree and had 9 children;
    (II)-James Monkman Metis
    (II)-Joseph Monkman Metis joined HBC (1854-1858) Red River
    (II)-Ernest Monkman Metis
    (II)-John Monkman Metis
    (II)-Nancy Ann Monkman Metis (1807-1839) married (I)-James Whiteway (1778-1838)
    (II)-Harriett Monkman Metis   
    (II)-Mary Monkman Metis 1807-1839)  married (I)-James Whiteman (1778-1838), & (II)-Henry Norquay Metis bapt 1823
    (II)-Marguerite Monkman Metis
    (II)-Jane Monkman Metis b-1822 Red River married Robert Commings b-1795

Jacque Morrisette, Metis b-1793 Red River des Metis, a hunter, married Mary Ann Morrisette, b-1802 Red River des Metis.

Maria Okabeashiig (Ogibejig, Woman Who Is Alone) born 1793 likely Lake Superior died February 6, 1854 LaPoint, Wisconsin.

Jacques Jacob Ouellette, Metis b-1793, Red River des Metis,  others suggest North West, son, Joseph Ouellette Sr., B-1765, and Angelique an Assiniboine, b-1773; married 1816 likely Pembina, Marie Marcellais, Metis born November 1, 1794, Red River des Metis Settlement, daughter Jean Baptiste Marcellais b-1785? (b-1767 or 1769?), Canada and Angelique an Assiniboine Indian b-1785

Peter Pangman (1744-1819) retired to Montreal, abandoning his wife and family and marrying a second woman.

Andre Poitras (Poitra) (1762/63-1831) joined NWC (1793-1794) Fort Esperance (Saskatchewan) west of Red River on the Assiniboine.  Recorded NWC (1804-1805) Qu'Appelle (Fishing Lakes) they were providing provisions, buffalo and fish for the Athiniboine.  Wild rice was provided by Red River area.
Married an Indian girl before 1793
    Pierre Poitras Metis b-1793 Fort Esperance
Married Marguerite Grant Metis 
    Ignace Poitras Metis b-1800
    Pierre Poinras Metis b-1810 married 1832 Mary Bruyere Red River 
In 1827 he was on the White Horse Plain (Grand Town) with 1 Metis son over 16, 4 Metis sons under 16 1 Metis daughter over 15, 2 Metis daughters under 15
    

Thomas Richard b-1793 married Margaret Metis b-1795 North West Territory.

Jean Baptiste Robidoux born 1793 likely La Pointe, Wisconsin married August 28, 1836 La Pointe, Wisconsin Margarite Wechkin born 1801 likely La Pointe, Wisconsin

(I)-Hugh Ross b-1793 Scotland married (II)-Sarah Short Metis b-1795 Red River des Metis Settlement daughter (I)-James Short (1767-1840) Orkney and Bethsy Saulteaux Indian b-1783 most likely North West.d-1863

Donald Ross is in charge of Fort Charlotte at the terminus of the Northern trade.

Malchom Ross of the Hudson Bay Company, is appointed Master of the Northward (Athabasca District), but it was a sign of intention rather than achievement.  Malchom Ross acquired an Indian Wife.

Angeline (Nashenakwe) Roy a.k.a. Bokadons born 1793 likely Lake Superior died August 6, 1853 LaPointe, Wisconsin.

Green Bay, birth Pierre Roy Metis son Joseph Roy (LeRoy) (1744-1825) and Marguerite Oskinanotame (1760-1835) daughter AhkenepawehAkeeneebaway (Standing Earth) a Menominee and Waupanokoew; 

Elizabeth Savore b-1793, living 1870 census Garden River, Canada.

John Sheshebonga b-1793, living 1870 census Northport, Michigan.

Wesgcoob Sheshepaskot (Sugar-Old Manamine-Sucre-Wiscoup, from 1796 to 1813, was a principle Ojibwa Chief of villages at Red Lake Falls, mouth of the Red Lake River, Lower Red Lake and Forest River (Riviere Salle) area.

(I)-William Sinclair b-1760/66 Orkney Islands died April 20, 1818 York Factory married this year Nahovway a Swampy Cree, Metis at Nestoowyan post.  Their children include 
    (II)-William Sinclair, Metis b-1794, 
    (II)-Colin Sinclair, Metis b-1818 and 
    (II)-Elizabeth (Betsy) Sinclair Metis .  It is highly likely he had other wives before this marriage depending on date of arrival?  This is a confused entry see marriage 1790.  He had 12 children and 3 more back in Orkney

(I)-Richard Stevens b-1793, England, married, NWT, Mary O'Conner (Indian), b-1792 North West Territory.

(I)-Thomas Swain, b-1777, listed HBC 1793, lists no wife, but brother (I)-James Swain Sr. b-1775, one son listed 
    (II)- James Swain, b-1808 who married Josephte Descoteux, born May 1805.

(I)-George Taylor (1759-1838) of the Hudson Bay, is assigned as Master of the brig, Beaver, that is a two mast vessel with a 14 man crew.

Elisabeth Trampe  b-1793 Canada, living 1850 census Sault Ste. Marie, Wisconsin.

Mrs Francis Trotier, Ottawa Metis, b-1793 St. Ignace wife Francis Troitier, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

George Vancouver visited Prince of Wales Island, Alaska and named the area Prince of Wales Archipelago.  It mattered not that it was discovered in 1774 and visited by 4 ships before Vancouver arrived.

It is reported that 1,000 men are at Grand Portage this year.  Grant bought a canoe on his way to Red River des Metis.

On the Assiniboine River, the Indians will not hunt, as they can get plenty now between so many trading houses.

(I)-Donald MacKay (1753-1833) of Brandon House H.B.C., met two Canadians with six horses, who were in daily expectation of Michilimackinac traders. They said they were waiting for 30 canoes from Michilimackinac to trade the Assiniboine River.  MacKay had gone to Red River with three bateaux (boats) and 19 men.  Angus Shaw d-1832 arrived in two canoes with 16 men and easily passed the MacKay expedition.  The Next day 18 canoes of the Shaw expedition passed MacKay on the way to the Saskatchewan.  This was a party of of 100 to 125 men.  The H.B.C. expedition cut a poor figure alongside these N.W.C. voyageurs.

(I)-Donald MacKay (1753-1833) believed the NWC was driving the bison (buffalo) away from the HBC Brandon House.  He said they had encouraged the Indians to kill him.  He said one tried to stab him just before Christmas and three attempts were made April 24, 1794.  It is said MacKay had shot at Auger, a Canadian clerk.

It would appear that (I)-John McDonell (MacDonell), who is a brother of (I)-Miles McDonell (1767-1828)- the first Governor of Selkirk's Red River Colonists, first arrived Red River des Metis in 1793 and stayed until 1795, and this is the period of his diary.  MacDonell departed Fort Charlotte for Red River des Metis with 14 canoes that usually included 4-5 men per canoe.  He later joined the North West Company during the period of 1796 to 1815.

James Perlier of Montreal, is employed at St. Croix by an old trader, (III)-Pierre Grignon (b-1740).  Other traders of this period are Dickson's and Renville, trading among the Ojibwa and Dakota of Minnesota.  Charles (Judge) Reaume and Amable Chevalier, Metis, are also at St. Croix.

Andre Poitras (Poitra) 1762/63-1831) employed NWC (1793-1794) Fort Esperance (Saskatchewan)

(I)-James Sutherland (1751-1797) established Portage de I'Isle Post on the Winnipeg River, for the Hudson Bay Company.  

The Pine Fort established in 1785 some fifteen miles below the Souris mouth on the Assiniboine was a monopoly of the North West Company was broken, when (III)-Ronald Cameron,d-1817,  a free trader with David and Peter Grant, went about the Souris mouth on the Assiniboine and established the first of the posts in that area. (I)-Cuthbert Grant, Sr.d-1799, countered this move by sending "Old Auge" to trade alongside Cameron. Then the Hudson's Bay Company sent Donald MacKay to represent it in the same district. The three posts were all built within a year, and less than a year later there were five "oppositions" working against one another.

1793 or 1794 is considered the earliest that the Hudson Bay Company first ventured into the previously colonized Red River des Metis Valley, according to most early Red River Metis.  When the Hudson Bay Company first arrived, there is nothing said of their alleged exclusive right to this part of the country.  They entered the field, just as other companies, in quest of fur and it is an after thought to set up for monopolist claims here.  The Hudson Bay Company began paying incentive pay, pegged to the number of miles logged on trips inland.  The first reported Hudson Bay Company man to enter the Red River des Metis Valley was Mad MacKay (1753-1833), alias (I)-Donald MacKay, who had previously been trading Red River near Beaver Creek with Angus Shaw.  An argument with Mad (I)-(Donald) MacKay (1753-1833)`- he had a fearful temper- resulted in his leaving the Metis country for Albany, where he joined the Hudson Bay Company service.  When he returned with three boats, he had to compete with two or three other companies as well as the freemen; so reports the 1814 manuscript of early settlers.  Mad (I)-(Donald) MacKay established Brandon House and recorded meeting with two Canadians with six horses who are expecting Mackinac traders.  They are expecting thirty canoes with trade goods from Mackinac.

John McDonell's party at the Red River des Metis colony, harvested ten bushels of potatoes.  At this time, all along the Assiniboine River are vestiges of many commercial settlements, several of which claim an ancient date.  The first structures encountered are Fort Blondishe's, Fort la Reine, and then Fort Abhemar.  Three leagues from Lake Winnipeg, the River aux Mortis enters the Red River.  It got its name because the Sioux or Naudaweiss massacred a large camp of Assiniboine, Cree and Sauteux there.  Peter Grant (1764-1848), North West Company man, built a trading post on the east bank of the Red River near Pembina.  A David Grant quit the North West Company to become a Free Trader.  The North West Company built a fort at the Fond Du Lac Ojibwa village, replacing the post built in 1789.  John McDonell noted, on December 10, a free trader party returning from the Missouri region.

Charles Chaboillez (1772-1812), a Metis, junior, would become superintendent of the Metis Red River des Metis Settlement in 1804.  Most considered Simon as arrogant and tyrannical, and much disliked by the majority of the wintering partners who called him the Premier or Marquis.  Other accounts from Quebec cast him in a different light.  (I)-Simon McTavish (1750-1804), however, filled the North West Company with his relatives and friends.  Upper Canada passed a militia bill requiring all able-bodied men, who were between sixteen and fifty years, to enroll and attend parade two to four times a year, to defend the Canadian forts of Oswego, Niagara, Detroit and Mackinac, if required.

Fournier, free trader or Coureurs des Bois, departed Mackinac this fall for the Red River of the North.  He is being commissioned by Beaubien, likely (Eustache Ignace Desrivieres (1727-1799)), and (IV)-Gabriel Attina LaViolette, alias Ranger (d-1803), two long time Lake Superior free traders.  Fournier wintered in Sioux Territory on the Red River, being forced to withdraw to River Pembina region.  Cadotte and Company, from Michilimackinac in the Red River, is attacked by Indians, losing a greater part of their goods.  Cadotte entrusted the balance to Pickette.

An overly ambitious John Sayer (likely son John Sayer b-1750 and Obemauuunoqua), a former Fond Du Lac Free Trader (Coureurs des Bois), joined the North West Company.  He hired his old friend, Jean Baptiste Perrault (Perrot), to build a fort at the head of Lake Superior.  His only intention is to block the Coureurs des Bois from their favorite Fond Du Lac route to the North West.  This attempt to control the Coureurs des Bois is confirmed in 1794.  Forsyth, Richardson and Company; Todd, McGill and Company; William Grant; Etienne Campion (Champion) and Company, and Alexander Henry the elder (1739-1824) and Company, all concluded that this attempt to control the Coureurs des Bois would never pay for itself.  John Sayer Jr. and Letang are reported as working together this season, but in opposition in 1796, mostly at Leech Lake.

Some contend that (IV)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte Jr. Metis, (1761-1818) is placed in charge of the new Fond du Lac Department of the North West Company.  Fond du Lac informs all the country about the sources of the Mississippi, St. Croix and Chippeway Rivers.  Posts are built at Sandy Lake (1793-1794), (1798-1800), Skunk Head Lake (1793-1794), Leech Lake and Lac Courtoreville.  (IV)-Michel Cadotte (1764-1837) is put in charge of La Pointe by the North West Company.  An Ojibwa kills a Coureurs des Bois working for Coutouse at Lac Coutereille Post.  (IV)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte, Metis, (1761-1818) arrested the man and sentenced him to death.  The executioners included Coutouse and Landre, with the wives of Jean Baptiste Cadotte and Michel Cadotte being present.

A new Red Lake Northwest Post is established and remains in use from 1793 to 1797.  The Northwest Company also established a trading post at Sandy Lake and Skunk Head Lake, north west of Lake Superior.

Fort St. Louis is established at Fond du Lac at the extreme western end of Lake Superior.

The French reported a take of 182,346 beaver pelts, compared to 46,966 by the English, this year.

The village of Ancaster, Ontario is created and named this year.

Barre (Barry), Vermont is named this year, some say by the winner of a fist fight.

A Boston ship captain, returning from a three year voyage, kissed his wife in public on a Sunday.  He was arrested and made to sit two hours in stocks for lewd and unseemly behavior.

The Metis built Fort Saint John (B.C.) this year for the NWC.

January 6:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism, Jane daughter Martin, Butler's Negro.

January 7:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Gabriel Chesne born February 29, 1772 British Fort Detroit (Michigan) son (III)-Charles Chesne born 1732 and (II)-Marie Joseph Descomps dit Labadie born 1737; married (V)-Genevieve Campeau born January 14, 1774 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1743 and (V)-Genevieve Godet born 1751.

January 13:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism, William Jobbitt son Thomas Jobbitt and Mary.

January 13:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism, Elizabeth Jobbitt son Thomas Jobbitt and Mary.

January 13:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism, Susan Islick Stone daughter William Stone and Mary.

January 24:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Dr. Robert Richardson and Magdalene Askin 

January 25:  Fort Detroit, birth, (III)-Jacques MacDougal son (II)-Robert MacDougal b-1764 and (V)-Archange Campeau b-1766.

January 28:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Augustin Lafoy, Metis, son (II)-Augustin Lafoy and (III)-Elisabeth St. Come, Metis, (1747-1776); married (IV)-Catherine Bourdeau Metis b-1773 daughter (III)-Joseph Bourdeau dit L'Lle-Ronde, habitant de la Cote Nord-est, born 1730, died 1793 married 1760 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), (III)-Marie Louise Clermont et Bouron (Dvbord) born 1645 daughter (III)-Louis Bouron dit Clermont.

January 29: Lac St. Francis, Antoine Desjarlais, Metis, b-1794, North West Territories, son Joseph Desjarlais, b-1754 and Okemakwe; 1st married about 1821 Marie Alexis Metis b-1800, 2nd marriage Catherine Allary,  signed a contract with NWC to work the North West.  OR
Antoine Desjarlais Metis is a very elusive fellow, we may never know who he was, or they are?
(An Antoine Desjarlais, from Lac St-Francis, signed a contract on January 29, 1793 with the NWC [D. P. Grant] to work in the northern area; 
An Antoine Desjarlais, from Montreal, signed a contract on December 23, 1795 with Alexandre & James [NWC] to work in the north. 
Other Desjarlais' from the NWC contract sheets are from Riviere du Loup - François, Charles & Moise signed on in 1792, 1808 and 1819 respectively.)
A former guide for the NWC who had been free since 1805, Desjarlais was encountered by Gabriel Franchere in 1814 at Lac La Biche on his return to Canada from the coast.
On June 5, 1814, Desjarlais provided the party with provisions.
On June 6th, Franchere saw that Desjarlais was living contentedly with his family at Lac la Biche and hunting for food. Desjarlais asked Franchere to read two letters from his sisters in Varennes, letters which he had held onto for two years waiting for someone who could read.
This may be the same Antoine Desjarlais who contracted with the HBC on May 28, 1828 as an interpreter for two years and included work in the Columbia Department. By May 1833, an Antoine Desjarlais, perhaps not the same, was contracted to work elsewhere as a post master or interpreter.

January 30:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism, John Putman Clement son James Clement and Catherine.

February 2:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism, Benjamin Smith son Henry Smith and Catherine.

February 2:  40 Mile Creek, from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Sarah wife of John Petit. 

February 2:  40 Mile Creek, from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Henry Nelles son Robert Nelles and Elizabeth.

February 2:  40 Mile Creek, from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Hannah Messilas daughter Peter Messilas and Margaret.

February 2:  40 Mile Creek, from Niagara on the Lake, baptism John Larrison son Miller Larrison and Elizabeth.

February 2:  40 Mile Creek, from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Nancy Green daughter John Green and Mary.

February 2:  40 Mile Creek, from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Hannah Green daughter John Green and Mary.

February 2:  20 Mile Creek, (Grimsby Beach) from Niagara on the Lake, baptism John Hare son Peter Hare and Catherine.

February 2:  20 Mile Creek, (Grimsby Beach) from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Charlotte Hilse daughter Joseph Hilse and Elizabeth.

February 2:  20 Mile Creek, (Grimsby Beach) from Niagara on the Lake, baptism Mary Hilse daughter Joseph Hilse and Elizabeth.

February 2:  20 Mile Creek, (Grimsby Beach) from Niagara on the Lake, baptism George Hervy son John Hervy and Elizabeth.

February 4:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Daniel Cassady, widow, and Ann Dennis. 

Februsry 4:  Fort Detroit, marriage, Antoine Petit to Francoise Pineau daughter Pierre Pineau dit Laperle and Marie Presseau.

February 4:  Fort Detroit, marriage, (V)-Antoine Petit son (IV)-Nicolas Petit b-1746 and Isabelle Cabana Charon; married Francoise Laperle daughter Pierre Laperle.

February 4:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), (IV)-Jean Baptiste Aide-Crequy born November 18, 1767 son (III)-Jean Baptiste and Marie Madeleine Gatignon Duchesne see 1763, he married this date (IV)-Cecile Mesny (Menny), Metis, daughter (III)-Antonie Mesny, b-1751 and (II)-Catherine Brilland ( Brillant) dit Lapierre, Metis b- 1753.

February 5: Prairie du Rocher (Illinois) marriage Augustin Alard to Elisabeth Duclos

February 6:  Fort Detroit, birth (IV)-Marie Louise Mesny daughter (III)-Joseph Mesny b-1756 and Archange Dussault, epouse May 19, 1794 Fort Detroit (I)-Joseph Roy Chatellereau.

February 7:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Etienne Chevere (Barthe?), Metis Slave son Savage Veronique slave Jean Baptiste Barthe, witness Adhemar St. Martin.

February 11:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Ambrose Tremblay born November 27, 1746 Baie St. Paul son (III)_Ambroise Tremblay d-1767 Detroit and (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726, epouse November 23, 1767 Detroit Charles Moran; married (V)-Cecile Greffard b-1771 daughter (IV)-Laurent Greffard b-1745 and (III)-Marie Anne Casse.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism John Vanderlip son William Vanderlip and Elizabeth.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Anna Vanderlip daughter William Vanderlip and Elizabeth.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Jane Vanderlip daughter William Vanderlip and Elizabeth.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Christina Markle daughter Alexander Markle and Rebecca.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Samuel Boyce Markle son Alexander Markle and Rebecca.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Jacob Markle son Alexander Markle and Rebecca.

February 18:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Solomon Osterhout Markle son Frederickr Markle and Rebecca.

March 2:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Louis Campeau son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1743 and (V)-Genevieve Godet born 1751.

March 3:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Hanna Bell daughter Peter Hanna and Elizabeth..

March 5:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Catherine Sedthill daughter Mohawk Chief.

March 22:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism Mary Bradt wife of Peter Bradt.

March 22:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism John Cox son Samuel Cox and Barbara.

March 27:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth (IV)-Georges Chabert son (III)-Francois Chabert  and Marie Joseph Chesne.

March 31:  Niagara on the Lake, baptism John Shier son John Shier and Elizabeth.

April 2:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, James Everingham and Catherine Lemon. 

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Thomas Taylor, of riper years.

 April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Ann Albury daughter David Albury and Elizabeth.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Crowell Fanning son John Fanning and Sarah.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Mary Warren daughter Henry Warren and Catherine.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Dorothea Kitson daughter John Kitson and Margaret.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Catherine Bledan daughter Peter Blendan and Gertrude.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Abraham Bowen son John Bowen and Jane.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Christina Bowen daughter John Bowen and Jane.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Jehoiakim Johnson son Ralph Johnson and Elizabeth.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Jacob Sykes son Jacob Sykes and Catherine.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Abraham Wintermute son Benjamin Wintermute and Hannah.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Elizabeth Anguish dauighter Henry Anguish and Elixabeth.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism John Lawyer son Peter Lawyer and Elizabeth.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Daniel Bowen son Cornelious Bowen and Rebecca.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Peter Wintermute son Peter Wintermute and Eve.

April 12:  Fort Erie, baptism Charles Anchor son Frederick Anchor and Magdaline.

April 14:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Mathew Pearson and Catherine Cowell, widow. 

April 18:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Margaret Clement daughter John Putman and Mary. 

April 22: Kaskaskia (Illinois) marriage Gagriel Aubuchon to Marie Thibault.

April 22: Detroit marriage (V)-Jean Marie Menard Metis son (IV)-Pierre Menard Metis  b-1725 and Genevieve Sicard; married Marie Jacob

November 19:   British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (V)-Pierre Dumay et Demers, born 1752 son (IV)-Pierre Dumay et Demers, born 1727 and (V)-Marie Francise Hayot born 1732; married (V)- Marie Angelique Menard, Metis, daughter (IV)- Pierre Menard, b-1725 and Genevieve Sicard.

April 22:  Fort Detroit, marriage (V)-Jean Marie Menard dit Monjour, Metis, son (IV)-Pierre Menard dit Montour, Metis,  b-1725 and Genevieve Sicard epouse November 27, 1781 Fort Detroit Joseph Carie; married Marie Jacobs. 

April 25:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, Archange Mackintosh daughter Angus Mackintosh and Archange St. Martin. 

April 26:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, William Wilson, son Thomas Wilson and Susannah.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Abraham Horning, of riper years.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Jacob Ryman son William Ryman and Barbara.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Philip Ryman son William Ryman and Barbaria.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Catherine Lampman son Mathias Lampman and Eve.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Joseph Long son Jacob Long and Mary.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, John Cribbs son Philip Cribbs and Anne.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Henry Beasley son Richard Beasley and Hannah.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Christina Bowman daughter Abraham Bowman and Dorithy.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Christina Cribbs daughter Aaron Cribbs and Elizabeth.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Margaret Springer daughter John Springer and Sarah.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, William Reynolds son Caleb Reynolds and Rachel.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, David Reynolds son Caleb Reynolds and Rachel.

April 27:  Niagara, head of the Lake, baptism, Sarah Reynolds daughter Caleb Reynolds and Rachel.

April 27:  Niagara, on the Lake, baptism, Catherine Alms daughter Christian Alms and Magdalane.

April 27:  Niagara, on the Lake, baptism, Christina Smith daughter Henry Smith and Mary.

May 1: Fort Detroit marriage Francois Deloeil to (II)-Ursule Sordelier daughter (I)-Francois Soldelier and (IV)-Marie Jenne Gendron b-1734 of Lachine   

May 1:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Francois De L'Oeil son (II)-Francois Michel De L'Oeil born 1737 menuisier (carpenter) and (II)-Charlotte Jolin et Jallain born 1758 daughter (I)-Jacques Thomas Jolin: married (II)-Ursule Soudriet (Sordelier) daughter (I)-Francois Soudriet (Sordelier) and (IV)-Marie Jeanne Gendron b-1744.  

May 4:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, James Barley and Mary Crysler. 

May 4:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), death Joseph Morand who married January 17, 1791 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), (IV)-Catherine Boyer born 1767 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), daughter (III)-Ignace Boyer (1721-1784) and (IV)-Angelique Pepin dit Descardonnets.

May 4:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, Ann Hand daughter William Hand to Mary Abbott.

May 7:   British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Bonaventure Reaume son (III)- Pierre Reaume dit Thamur (Themus) (1709-1766) and Suzanne Hubert Lacroix  b-1709; married  to  (II)-Marie Jeanne nee Deshetres born September 27, 1749 daughter (I)-Antoine Deshetres and (III)-Marie Charlotte Chevallier born 1710; 2n marriage May 7, 1793 Detroit Marie Joseph Gatignon.

May 9:   Peace River (Alberta), (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820) of the North West Company expressed his determination to follow Peter Pond's (1739-1807)  second great river to the Pacific.  He expected to trade with the Russians who had a string of trading posts from Alaska to California. Alexander McKay and six Metis; Jacques Beauchamp, Francois Beaulieux (1772-1872), Baptiste Bisson, Francois Courtois, Charles Ducette and Joseph Landry, plus two natives as guides, interpreters and hunters, one of which was a boy named Cancre, and a large dog, left for the Pacific.  The Parsnip and Sekani helped direct (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820) to the great river and stinking lake, then to the the Pacific where white-men arrived in ships.  The Sekani drew a map that suggested the stinking lake was a moon's journey away.  They met the Carrier and Bella Coola Natives.  (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820) appears more fascinated with the native culture; their honesty and architecture, than with finding the Pacific Ocean.  It is noteworthy that at Bella Coola (before July 20), they encountered Natives with metal spearheads and European beads.  Had those Metis reached the Pacific before him?  They arrived near King Island, at the top of Fitz Hugh Sound, on July 23.  These Nor'westers returned to Fort Chipewyan, having covered two thousand eight hundred and eleven miles.  It is noteworthy that these Metis, Indians and Mackenzie officially crossed the continent 13 years before Lewis and Clark.  It is also noteworthy that although they encountered many natives not a shot was fired in anger.  This is the first overland trip known across north America, north of New Spain.  It is inconceivable that the free traders have not before or after the Mackenzie expedition reached the Pacific.

May 31:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Mrs Catherine Butler, wife of Col. Butler. 

June 5:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, ensign Lemoine and Susan Johnston. 

June 6:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Alexander Allen and Mary Sporbeck, widow. 

June 9:   (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820) and crew met a small group of Sekanis (people of the rocks) up the head waters of the Peace River.  They had bits of iron, traded from the Pacific coast.  He obtained a map from the Sekanis knowledge.  One of the Sekanis agree to act as guide.  Over the continental divide near Arctic Lake, the natives left trade goods hoping for an exchange.

June 15:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), death,  (I)-Michel Aidmont died.  He was married to Charlotte Pecopy de contrecoeur.

June 21:   John Gregory of the North West Company reported that Etienne Campion is fitting out (IV)-Gabriel Attina LaViolette, alias Ranger (d-1803), and others for the Red River, and says that he would rather renounce their share in the North West Company than be restricted in his trade. 

July 6:  Niagara on the Lake, death, J. Alexander Smith, an infant son D. W. Smith.

July 8:  Fort Detroit, marriage, (II)-Joseph Parnier born August 9, 1776 Fort Detroit, son (I)-Joseph Parnier dit Cadeboncoeur and Catherine Labiviere; married Suzanne Lablanc, b-1736  daughter Francois Lablanc and (IV)-Marie Joseph Jourdain Metis (1747-1777). 

July 11:  Niagara on the Lake, death, a sergeant of the 5th regt. shot for desertion.  He was attended a good while before he suffered.  He behaved well. 

July 13:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, William Spencer and Rachel Ostrander. 

July 15:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, Augustin Roy of Detroit to (III)-Elisabeth Belanger daughter (II)-Philippe Belanger born 1746 and (II)-Elisabeth Vallee who married 1771 British Fort Detroit (Michigan). Etienne Campion is a old Mackinac trader, in partnership with William Grant.  This records his displeasure with the North West Company establishment of a Fond du Lac department, thereby restricting free trade.

July 19:  (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820) records they were accompanied by seven natives and met many canoes  on the river.  The stopped at a village of natives that had many trade items which Mackenzie assumed were from Spanish origin.  They had blue cloth with brass buttons.  They had brass and a lot of copper that they reworked into arrow heads, spear heads, collars, ear-rings and bracelets.  They said they saw two ships at the Pacific Ocean in 1783 (ten winters ago) and Mackenzie assumed it was Cook.

July 21:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Peter Holme and Sarah Goodman.

July 22:  Fort Detroit, marriage (II)-Antoine Oudin dit Lafranc: (Marie sous le nom de Houdin), born October 20, 1768, Longue Pointe son (I)-Jean Oudin et Houdia dit Lefranc b-1729 and (III)-Genevieve Loisel et Loyselle Ouerel; married (II)-Marir Joseph Abdre daughter (I)-Jacques Andre.  

July 22:  (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820) encountered a different tribe of Indians than the July 19 Indians, these called the Bella Coola who told him he just missed Captain Vancouver by a few weeks (June).  He wrote the following for the North West Company on a rock at the mouth of the Bella Coola River:  "Alexander Mackenzie, from Canada, by land, the twenty second of July, one thousand seven hundred ninety three."  It was acknowledged that without the natives goodwill and guidance, the long, hazardous journey could not have been accomplished.    It is noteworthy that the Indians told him not to go down the Fraser River as it was impassable in some places and was a long way to the ocean.  They directed him to go on the Indian trail to the Bella Coola River which he did.  This is noteworthy that these people had explored the Fraser River to its mouth and the Indian trail to the Pacific.   They retraced their route over the Indian trail to the Fraser River, to the McGregor River, the Parsnip River to the Peace River in Alberta.

July 28:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, William Knott and Elizabeth Haggerty. 

August:  Francois Plourde, born August, 1793, Red River des Metis, son Joseph Plourde and Ursule Arbour; married November 3, 1829 St. Boniface, Red River, Suzanne Dubois, Metis daughter Francois Dubois b-1775 and Angelique Lariviere, Metis, b-1775 N.W.T. 

August 12:  Michilimackinac, baptism, (IV)-Alexis (Alexander) LaFrambois Metis son (III)-Alexis Laframboise Metis (1763-1800) and Dame Josette Adhemar, private baptism by Etienne Campion..

August 13::  Niagara on the Lake, death, Francis Donelly 

Augurst 20:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Mrs. Vance, a soldier's wife. 

Augurst 23:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Mrs. Broene, a soldier's wife. 

August 24:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, Jacques Campeau son Antoine Jacques Campeau and Suzzanne Cuillerier.

August 26:   John Graves Simcoe, a loyalist of the Queen's Rangers, established Toronto and proclaimed it as York.  His plan called for very strict building rules including two story houses, and Simcoe was the subject of many jokes along the Great Lakes.  

September 10:  Fort Detroit, death, Jacques Ratel.

September 19:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Adam Chrysler and John Reed at 10 mile Creek (Welland Canel) 

September 26:   Charles La Tour of the North West Company arrived.  (I)-James Sutherland (1751-1797) noted that the North West Company men are better gooded but have loud and violent quarrels.

September 29:  Fort Detroit, death, (II)-Cecile Brilland b-1764 daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Brilland; wife (III)-Pierre Mesney b-1761 epouse May 11, 1795 Fort Detroit (V)-Marie Anne Petit b-1778.

October 6:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, John Hitchcock and Martha Ball. 

October 13:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, David Macomb son William Macomb and Sarah Drinor (Dring).

October 21:  Fort Detroit, birth (III)-Felix Metay born October 20, 1766 Fort Detroit son (II)-Joseph Metay (1735-1791) and (II)-Catherine Duflour b-1740; married (V)-Catherine Lemay b-1775.

October 24:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, William Price and Phebe Soper. 

November 9:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Edouard Chiquot son  (IV)-Jean Baptiste Chiquot  born 1749 and (IV)-Angelique Godefroy born 1753.

November 18:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (V)-Joseph Bissonnet son (IV)-Etienne Bissonnet married (VI)-Agnes Robert born 1778 daughter (III)-Antoine Robert.

November 18:  Fort Detroit, marriage (VI)-Agnes Robert, born November 16, 1778 Detroit, son (V)-Antoine Robert b-1747 and Marie Joseph Trepanier b-1756 daughter Jean Baptiste Trepanier; married November 18, 1793 Detroit Joseph Bissonet.

November 25:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (V)-Gabriel Bissonnet son (IV)-Etienne Bissonnet married (IV)-Julie Bourdeau Metis daughter (III)-Joseph Bourdeau dit L'Lle-Ronde, habitant de la Cote Nord-est, born 1730, died 1793 married 1760 British Fort Detroit, (Michigan),  (III)-Marie Louise Clermont et Bouron (Dvbord) Metis born 1645 daughter Louis Bouron dit Clermont.

November 25:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, Antoine Francois Guay married (IV)-Angelique Bourdeau Metis b-1776 daughter (III)-Joseph Bourdeau dit L'Lle-Ronde, habitant de la Cote Nord-est, born 1730, died 1793 married 1760 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), (III)-Marie Louise Clermont et Bouron (Dvbord) Metis  born 1645 daughter (III)-Louis Bouron dit Clermont.

November 26:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Benjamin Dagneau de Quindre died October 30, 1813 Detroit, Michigan, son (IV)-Antoine Dagneau de Quindre seur De Pontchartrain (1751-1814) and Catherine Desrivieres Lamorandiere Trottier (1757-1817).

November 28:  Cahokia, Illinois, marriage, Louis Labossiere to (IV)-Marie Joseph Dumouchel, Metis, born December 26, 1778, baptized July 22, 1786, Mackinac, daughter, (III)- Louis Pascal (Paschal) Dumouchel b-1725, and Francoise Sauvagesse

December 8:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Bartholomew Dunn and Margaret Harslip.

December 9:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, George Lawe and Elizabeth McGrath.

December 29:  Niagara on the Lake, marriage, Daniel Gleesand and Mary Van Every, widow. 

1794  

Joseph Aishouaykezhick b-1794, living 1870 Northport, Michigan

Aishquayosay b-1794. living 1870 Custer, Michigan.

Awkowesay b-1794, living 1870 Omewa, Michigan

Antoine Azure, Metis, b-1794 Red River des Metis married about 1835 Red River Charlotte Pelletier, Metis b-1792 Red River des Metis. 1850 census.  (Antoine Azure, Metis, b-1810 Red River des Metis married to Charlotte Pelletier, Metis b-1815 Red River des Metis.) Genealogy First Metis Nation

(I)-James Bird Sr., a.k.a. James Curtis (d-1856), is in charge of Nepawi, York until 1795.

Charles Bishop sailed the Ruby from Bristol to conduct trade for sea otter furs on the North West coast of America.

Francois Bonneau, Metis b-1794,  likely North West married (III)-Marie Favel Metis b-1795  likely North West daughter (II)-Humphrey Favel Metis b-1725 and Jenny Indian b-1727.

(II)-Peter Brass Metis b-1794 Hudson Bay son (I)-Peter Brass b-1759/62 and native/Metis; joined HBC (1814-1839) Swan River, Fort Edmonton/Chesterfield House (1821-1823), married Susan Roy or Comtois
    (III)-Mary Brass Metis b-1821 Edmonton House
    (III)-Peter Brass Metis b-1824 Fort Pelly, Swan River
    (III)-Sarah Brass Metis b-1825 Fort Pelly, Swan River
    (III)-Elizabeth Brass Metis b-1836 Fort Pelly, Swan River, married 1852 Fort Edmonton, George Donnell Donald
    (III)-William Brass Metis 
    (III)-Therese Brass Metis 
    (III)-Thomas Brass Metis 

York Factory, birth (II)-Nancy (Anne) Bruce, Metis daughter (I)-Benjamin Bruce (1771-1823) Ireland or Orkney?, employee HBC (1789-1823) and Indian or Metis woman

Jean Baptiste Cadotte, Frontier and Company, are well established this season on the Assiniboine River, well in advance of the North West Company.  Beaubien wintered at the Grand Rapid, 15 miles above Brandon House by land, along with Cadotte. Laviolette was located further up the Assiniboine River. John Hay, described as Reaume's clerk, was opposed to Brandon House and the forts of the North West Company and Peter Grant, a disgruntled former North West clerk at Souris Mouth. At Portage la Prairie were Reaume and Dejadon, a clerk of Laviolette's, opposed by William McKay for the North West, and John Linklater for the Hudson Bay.

(IV)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte Jr., Metis, born (1761-1818), wintered at Red Lake.

(II)-Scott Campbell, Metis born about 1794-95, Upper Mississippi District son (I)-John Archibald Campbell (1775-1808) and Ninse a Dakota woman; married about 1823 Margaret Menager.

Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795, died September 1, 1854 son Joseph Cardinal, b-1756, Quebec married 1794-1795 Rose Cree.

Louis Chinggwaw b-1794, living 1870 census, Harbour Springs, Michigan.

Jean Baptiste Collins, Metis b-1794 Red River des Metis, a hunter, married about 1827 Elizabeth Henry, Metis, b-1810 Pembina, this is likely the daughter of Alexander Henry the younger, Metis (1764-1814) and Indian woman. 

James Corrigal b-1794/95 Orkney married Catherine Flett b-1818 Metis North West Territories daughter William Flett. 

(I)-William Corrigal aka Corrigie (1774-1832) Orkney, brother (I)-Jacob Corrigal (1772-1844); joined HBC 1794-1832); married Albany or Moose (Ontario), Indian girl had a son.  He and his wife were killed 1832 by a band of Rupert's Land Indians 
    (II)-Jacob Corrigal Metis b-1801 Albany joined HBC (1816-1864) Albany, Moose and Rupert's River

Josephte DeCoteau, Metis, born 1794 Red River des Metis Settlement, North West daughter Joseph DeCoteau, (could be de la Cote or DesCouteaux), listed census 1870 St. Francois, Red River.

Antoine Desjarlais, Metis, b-1794, North West Territories, son Joseph Desjarlais, b-1754 and Okemakwe; 1st married about 1821 Marie Alexis Metis b-1800, 2nd marriage Catherine Allary 

Joseph Diagneault b-1794, Canada, married Genevieve Cameron, Metis b-1806 Red River des Metis Settlement daughter (II)-John Dougal Cameron (1770-1857) and Marie Lesperance Indian b-1770 likely Northwest.

(I)-Peter Erasmus (1792/94/95-1849) birth place listed as other (Norway), married Catherine Budd Metis (1800-1880) likely North West.  see 1814   

Josette Fagnion born 1794 North West, census 1834 Red River.

(III)-Humphrey Favel, b-1794, NWT, died September 27, 1850, Red River, son (II)-Humphrey Martin Favel, Metis, b-1764 and Jenny a Native; married Mary a Native.

(I)-Peter Fidler (1769-1822)  at York Factory under common law, country style,  married a local Swampy Cree called Mary Cree Indian (1771-1826).  They had 14 children.  The HBC in London were not pleased that he had shacked up at the Bay.  They ordered him into the interior hoping to breakup the marriage.  The marriage was church recorded August 1821 at Norway House.  Peter to his credit never abandoned wife or children.

Monsieur Gaunaux (Garneau), the stray of Ste Pierre de Montmagny, born about 1769, of Red Lake, alias La Pointe, is known to be trading Pembina and Red River during this period.  

Albany District, birth (II)-Mary Goodwin, Metis, b-1794, daughter (I)-Robert Goodwin aka Goodwyn, (1761-1805) employed HBC 1781-1805) married about 1790 Albany District, Jenny Mistigoose d-1798 daughter Puckethwanisk: married (II)-James Hodgson, Metis B-1785.

Augustin Gosselin born 1794 likely Riviere au Fer married September 26, 1848 La Pointe, Wisconsin Maria Ajawakamigokwe born 1800 likely Rivere au Fer (could be Iron River NW Wisconsin, or Fever River (Galena River) in SW Wisconsin.

Joseph Guernon, married about 1794 Nowananikkee, b-1775.  Joseph was assigned to Fort Dauphin with the NWC.  Nowananikkee claimed to be a Gurnoe of Lake Superior, treaty 1863/64 but script application for her daughter was rejected

Hamelin gave testimony under oath, in 1817, that he had settled this year at the Red River des Metis Settlement of the North. His son, Salomon Hamelin, Metis, married Isabelle Vandale daughter of a voyager and an Ojibwa woman named Marguerite. Their son Firmin Hamelin married Clemence Berland, daughter of Pascal Breland (1760-1829). A second son is named Joseph Hamelin.

Andrew Henery, an American, traveled from Madison River to the Continental Divide for the North West Company.

Robert Henry, Metis, d-1859 a nephew of Alexander Henry (the elder) (1739-1824) joined the N.W.C. as an apprentice clerk at Michipocoten and a brother of Alexander the Younger (1764-1814).

Charles Houle, Metis b-1794 Red River des Metis Settlement son unknown Houle, b-1769 Lower Canada and Elisabeth Indian, b-1774: 1st marriage Magdeleine Louise Breland, Metis b-1800, Red River des Metis Settlement, daughter Pierre Breland, b-1760, died October 31, 1829 and Louise Belly, Indian 2nd marriage 1820 (1832?)  Catherine Falardeau, Metis, born 1813, Red River des Metis Settlement.  Daughter Louison Falardeau and Marguerite native.   Children were: Isabelle b-1822, Angelique b-October 20, 1825, Charles Jr b-1828/32, Helen b-1836, Antoine b-1838, Louis b-1939, Catherine b-1842, Laphilla b-1844 and Gabriel b-1845. 

James Hughes married Nan-Touche most likely a Kootenay from beyond the Rockies. 

Beaubien (likely Eustache Ignace 1727-1799) and (IV)-Gabriel Attina LaViolette, alias Ranger (d-1803), came into Red River des Metis from the south, being Lake Superior Free Traders.  

(I)-John Isbister b-1794 Scotland married Fanny Metis b-1816 North West Territories.

John Keyogeman b-1794, living 1870 census Cross village, Michigan.

May: Trois Riveres, birth Joseph (Louis) LaFramboise, married 1794, churched July 11, 1804 Mackinac Island, Marguerite Madeleine Marcotte, Metis (1780-1846) daughter Jean Baptiste Marcotte (1720-1783) and Marie Nekesh (1740-1790) an Ottawa Indian, nation Courtes Oreilles daughter White Cloud; Joseph died 1806, shot in the back by White OX a drunken Indian. on his way north to Mackinac Island.  Earlier in the day Louis had refused liquor to White Ox.  Marguerite carried on her husband's trading business.
    Josette LaFramboise Metis (1795-1820)
    Joseph LaFramboise Metis (1805-1856)      

Louis Lamirande b-1794 Canada married Marguerite Davis Metis b-1800 Red River des Metis Settlement.

Jean Baptiste Landry (Landrie) born 1794 likely Fond du Lac, (Wisconsin) married July 11, 1836 La Pointe, (Wisconsin) Louise Roi born 1796 likely Fond Du Lac, (Wisconsin).  Joined NWC (1802-1803) Lac La Pluie NWC (1818-1821) likely Lac La Pluie, HBC (1821-1832) Lac La Pluie (Wisconsin).
    Isabella Landry Metis (1815/16-1875)

Christina McClellan b-1794, living 1870 census Custer, Michigan.

Mary McDaquott b-1794, living 1870 census Custer, Michigan.

(I)-Donald McDonald b-1794 Scotland married Jane Beaudry Metis b-1796 most likely North West.

Angus MacKintosh (1755-1833), merchant and fur trader, British Fort Detroit (Michigan) before 1794 and Sandwich (Winsor) after 1794.

(II)-William McGillivray, Metis (1764-1825), son (I)-William McGillivray and Susan Indian, and nephew of (I)-Simon McTavish, (1750-1804) is appointed to represent Montreal at the annual rendezvous at Grand Portage.

(II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis, (1770-1808) son (I)-William McGillivray and Susan Indian, reported that there are seven forts of the North West Company and fourteen of the opponents in Red River district.  It would appear that Red River des Metis is a major supply point for the North West.  (II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis, (1770-1808), brother (II)-William McGillivray, Metis, (1764-1825) sons (I)-William McGillivray and Susan Indian and nephew to (I)-Simon McTavish (1750-1804) departed Grand Portage, and upon arriving Rainy Lake, encountered a canoe brigade under strike demanding higher wages. Most eventually returned to work, but a few were returned to Montreal.  

(II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis, (1770-1808) son (I)-William McGillivray and Susan Indian, reported three Iroquois engaged with the N.W.C. are on the Saskatchewan River near Prince Albert.

(II)-William McKay, Metis born March 27, 1793 or b-1794 North West son (I)-Mad MacKay (1753-1833); alias (I)-Donald MacKay, listed 1870 census St. Andrews, Red River; married Janet Matheson b-1819 Red River Settlement.

Marie Marcellais, Metis, born November 1, 1794 NWT daughter Jean Baptiste Marcellais, Sr., b-1767 Canada married 1794, Angelique Assinboine Indian b-1785 most likely North West; married before 1816 Jacques Jacob Ouellette, Metis, b-1793 NWT son Joseph Ouellette Sr., b-1765 married before 1790 Red River des Metis Angeliqque Assiniboine. .

Susan Mawby b-1794, living 1870 census Carrs, Michigan.

Mary Mawcawdayoquot b-1794, living 1870 census Custer, Michigan.

Mary Morris b-1794, living 1870 census Stonington, Michigan.

(II)-Jane Morwick, Metis b-1794, daughter, man named (I)-Morwick from Orkney and a Native Woman; married Osmand (Oman) Norquay, b-1785. 

John Nawgawnegnon b-1794, living 1870 census Oscoda, Michigan.

Pierre (Peter) Bastonnais Pangman, Metis b-1794, North West Territory married Marguerite Angelique Wewegikabawik, Saulteaux, b-1800 most likely North West.

Jean Baptiste Paul Metis b-1794 North West Territories married Angelique Godon Metis b-1805 North West Territories.

Francois Peron, Metis b-1794 Red River des Metis, a hunter.

Pierre Proulx, b-1794, married Francoise Lacroix, b-1798

(III)-Thomas Richards d-1812 Metis employed HBC (1794-1812), son (II)-John Richards, Metis 

Vincent Roy traded at Thief and Red Lake River's (Red Lake Post) for J. Sayer Sr and Company from 1794 to 1797.  

Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, Joseph Roy du Chatellereau b-1762 son Joseph Roy du Chatellereau and Marie Louise Hamelin; married Archange Dussault daughter Louis Joseph Dussault and Louise Des Buttes.

Joseph Roy, voyager, is living at Mackinac.

(I)-Vincent Roy worked 1791 to 1797 for J. Sayer and Company at Red Lake.

James Sandison born 1794 North West, census 1834 Red River.

Mary Saymingwawday b-1794, living 1870 census Bat Shore, Michigan.

York House, birth (II)-William Sinclair, Jr. Metis (1794-1868) son (I)-William Sinclair, Orkney (1766-1818) employed HBC (1782-1818) married Margaret Nahoway Cree or Metis; married Mary Wadin McKay (1804-1893)

(I)-James Short (1767-1840) married about 1794 Bethsy Cree or Saulteaux (1783-1893) 
    (II)-Sarah Short Metis b-1795 NWT married (I)-Hugh Ross b-1793
    (II)-Isabelle Short Metis b-1804 married (III)-John Favel Metis (1795/1800-1870)
    (II)-Fenevieve Short Metis b-1806/08 married 1833 (III)-Jean Baptiste Versailles Metis b-1806
    (II)-Susanne Short Metis (1809-1811)
    (II)-James (Jacques) Short Metis (1811-1871) married Angelique Saulteaux
    (II)-Sasannah Short Metis b-1815
    (II)-Betsy Short Metis b-1815
    (II)-Marie Short Metis b-1820

Jacque St. Denis b-1794, Canada, son Jacques St. Denis and Catherine Gervais, married, June 19, 1832 Red River, Genevieve Durand aka Primeau, Metis b-1805 NWT daughter Joseph Durand aka Louison and Josephte Diond..

Jean Baptiste Truiteau a French Trader was sent by the Spanish to ascend the Missouri River to its headwaters.  He encountered strong Indian hostility and only reached the Arikara Village near the confluence of the Grand River with the Missouri River.

St. Louis, Missouri, birth (II)-Celeste Vasquez (1794-1824) daughter (I)-Benito Vasquez (1738-1810) and Marie Julie Papin; married Vincent Bouis.

Severn House marriage (I)- James Peter Whitford, (1766-1818) or b-1771 to Sarah Native;

George Gladman of the Hudson Bay Company arrived Abitibi Lake to build a post and is warmly received by the Canadian Alexander McDougall master of Fort Abitibi.

(Toussaint) Menard Charbonneau (1767-1843) and Jusseaume, with their Indian wives, live and trade among the Mandan and Hidatsa.  The Yankton said that the people whom the French Metis traders did not frequent, are miserable, exposed to die of hunger, and exposed to be conquered by their enemies from want of defensive arms.

The Gros Ventres attacked the English and Canadian Posts on the South Saskatchewan River.  The English Posts are destroyed but the Canadians survived, being well fortified against a surprise attack.

The North West Company conclave on Lake Superior suggested a merger with the Hudson Bay Company to jointly exploit the North West Territories and the Pacific.  Some think this was truly a visionary statement, tabled by (II)-Alexander Mackenzie (1763-1820).  

Angus Shaw, died 1832 and (II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis,  (1770-1808) son (I)-William McGillivray and Susan Indian, built Fort Augustus on the North Saskatchewan River.  

(I)-Joseph Spence (1772-1856) joined HBC 1794-1823) Churchill District, married 1823 Red River (II)-Sally Jefferson Metis daughter (I)-William Jefferson b-1740 HBC (1770-1792) abandoned wife and children was chief at Churchill (1787-1792)
    (II)-John Clarke Spense Metis
    (II)-Sapphira Spence Metis d-1821 married John Clarke 
    (II)-Crawford Spense Metis (1814-1846) bapt 1823 married 1844 William Brown epouse 1847 Charlotte Omand
    (II)-unnamed Spence Metis child
    (II)-Unnamed Spence Metis child
In 1811 he took a son and daughter to Scotland 

John Richards, Metis and interpreter abandoned (I)-Donald MacKay (1753-1833) because he threatened to kill him.  The HBC tried to get him to return but he refused until Mad MacKey departed.

The North West Company commissioned the building of Fort Augustus at the forks of the Saskatchewan, by John MacDonald, James Hughes and twenty men.  It would expand to eighty men, plus their country wives and children, within a few years.  The gardens are planted, hay is to be cut for the horses, and the country wives are busier than ever preparing pemmican, tanning hides, making clothes, tents and snowshoes.  

(I)-James Sutherland (1751-1797) rebuilt Osnabough House and planted potatoes.  His opponent is Sancarte.  (II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis, (1770-1808), brother (II)-William McGillivray, Metis, (1764-1825) and nephew to (I)-Simon McTavish (1750-1804), reported that three Iroquois are working for the North West Company on the Saskatchewan River near Prince Albert.

(IV)-Michael Cadotte (1764-1837) and (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte Jr., managed Fort La Pointe on Madeline Island and at Fond du Lac.  It would appear that ((5)-Monsieur Garneau (Gaunaux) the stray of Ste Pierre de Montmagny born about 1769 who abandoned his wife Se Gaunaux So-Way-Guay at La Pointe on Madeline Island appears to have fathered another child at Red Lake a (6)-Joseph Garneau Sr.

The Northwest Company established a trading post at Sandy Lake, Minnesota. 

The Hudson Bay Company reported that the Orkney servants would be the main source of manpower as they are more sober and tractable than the Irish, Scots or English.  The Orkney would remain in this most favored position for the next seventeen years.  (I)-Thomas Thomas, born 1781, probably Orkney, British Islands, arrived York Factory 1794, probably one of the 'Hospital Boys', defected to North West Company in 1804 and took a number of country women.  The Orkney, by nature, are cautious and careful, and have a reputation for being sordidly avaricious.  This nature is also shared with the Scots and Irish who are the opposite of the Metis and Native culture.  

Hudson Bay Company inland posts 1794-1802 include:

Saskatchewan River
Nipawi
Carlton House
North Saskatchewan River
Setting River House
Hudson House Lower, abandoned
Hudson House Upper, abandoned
Somerset House
Manchester House, abandoned
Buckinghan House
Island House
Edmonton, House
Nelson House
Action House
South Saskatchewan River
South Branch House, abandoned
Chesterfield House 

Summerberry River House, likely on upper Pembina River
Greenwich House, Lac La Biche
Bolsover House, Meadow Lake
Fairford House, Reindeer River
Bedford House Reindeer Lake
Fort Lake, Split Lake (Nelson River)
Fort Hulse, Burntwood River
York House, Three Point Lake
Burntwood Lake
Wegg's House, Setting Lake
Reed Lake
Cumberland House, Cumberland Lake
Swan River House
Somerset House, Swan River
Marlborough House, Assiniboine River
Carlton House, Assiniboine River
New Carlton House, Assiniboine River
Gordon House, Hayes River
Oxford House, Oxford Lake
Merry's House, Sharpe Lake
Sea River Post
Jack River House
Winnipeggoshish
Apsley House, Cross Lake  

 

The Northwest Company established trading posts at Eagle Lake (1794-1797) and Great Lake (1794-1795), all north west of Lake Superior.  They moved their St. Joseph Post a few yards from the Hudson Bay Osnaburgh Post.  (I)-Jacob Corrigal, in August, reported the Northwest men had threatened to shoot the Bay men if they tried to take furs from the Indians, if they were first at them.  This is triggered by the Indians accumulating debt with the Canadians but selling their furs to the Bay without paying their debt.

Jean Baptiste Trudeau (1748-1827), a trader and school teacher of St. Louis, a son Joseph Trudeau and Catherine Menard; married May 1, 1781 Madeleine Leroy, and was engaged this year by the local merchants to open trade with the natives of the Missouri to the western sea.  Source Harry Tatro.   Jean Baptiste Trudeau, a Frenchman, lived among the Arikaras People 1794-1795.

(II)-Duncan McGillivray, Metis (1770-1807) at Fort George, wrote that the plains around us are all fire.  We hear that animals fly away in every direction to save themselves from the flames, an attempt which is often rendered abortive when the fire is cherished by a breeze of wind, which draws it along with such fury that the fleetest horse can scarcely outrun it.

(I)-Guy Carleton, (1724-1808) Governor Lower Canada (Quebec) ordered the reoccupation of Fort Miamia (Maumee, Ohio).

January 1: Fort Detroit marriage Ambroise Langloie to (II)-Suzanne Sordelier daughter (I)-Francois Soldelier and (IV)-Marie Jenne Gendron b-1734 of Lachine

January 7:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, Ignace Sene to (V)-Seraphine Greffard daughter (IV)-Louis Greffard and (III)-Marguerite Casse.

January 8:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (V)-Joseph Marie Laforest born December 6, 1756 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) son (IV)-Guillaume Laforest b-1725 (IV)-Marie Marguerite Tremblay (1725-1768); married Catherine Tibaut..

January 9:  Niagara on the Lake, death, John Butler, an infant of Thomas Butler 

January 9:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Mrs. Young, wife of John Young at 4 Mile Creek from Niagara. 

January 13:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin son (III)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin born 1740 and (IV)-Therese Segun born 1752; married January 13, 1794 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Elisabeth Campeau. 

January 13:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), death, Pierre Durand born 1733.

January 13:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin born December 14, 1768 British Detroit (Michigan), son (III)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin born 1740 and (IV)-Therese Seguin born 1752; married  (IV)-Elisabeth (Isabelle) Campeau born 1772 daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1737 and Catherine Boyer.

January 14:   Michilimackinac, marriage Paul Gina to Marie Josepht unknown.

January 20:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, Ignace Tibaut to  (V)-Madeleine Laforest, daughter (IV)-Guillaume Laforest b-1725 and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Tremblay (1725-1768); 1st married June 26, 1775 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), (IV)-Antoine Goulet born December 22, 1730 Pte aux Trembles, Quebec died May 16, 1793 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), son (III)-Joseph Goulet born 1698 and (III)-Genevieve Rate (1701-1754).

January 21:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (VI)-Ambroise Langlois son (V)-Andre Langlois b-1736 and (IV)-Marie Anne Prudhomme b-1742; married (II)-Suzanne Soudriet (Sordelier) daughter (I)-Francois Soudriet (Sordelier) and (IV)-Marie Jeanne Gendron b-1744.

January 25:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Marie Gamelin daughter (IV)-Francois Gamelin died 1774 and Joachine Faucher.   

January 25:  Niagara on the Lake, death, M. Kerr, wife Robert Kerr, Esq. 

January 27:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Charles Chauvin born April 3, 1770 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), son (II)-Charles Chauvin (1702-1772)  and (II)-Marie Anne Casse born 1710; married (V)-Marie Joseph Dube born November 27, 1771 British Detroit (Michigan), daughter (IV)-Jean Marie Dube born 1738 St. Roch and (IV)-Marie Joseph Seguin born 1754  

January 30, Fort Detroit, birth Euphrosine Pitre son Jean Baptiste Pitre and Angelique Chauvin.

February 3:   British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage Joseph Chauvin to  (IV)-Catherine Mesny, Metis, daughter (III)-Antonie Mesny, b-1751 and (II)-Catherine Brilland ( Brillant) dit Lapierre, Metis b- 1753. 

February 3:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Joseph Toussaint Chauvin born July 8, 1766 British Fort Detroit (Michigan) son (II)-Charles Chauvin (Lieutenant des Milices) (1702-1772)  and (II)-Marie Anne Casse born 1710; .married Catherine Mesny daughter (III)-Antoine Mesny. 

February 6:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Nicolas Drouillard born 1759 son (II)-Jean Baptiste Drouillard and (III)-Marie Charlotte Fauvel dit Bigras; married Marie Louise Montminy daughter Louis Montminy..

February 6:   Michilimackinac, marriage Jean Baptiste Lafontaine to Marguerite a slave belonging to (III)-Alexis (Alexander) Laframboise, Metis (1763-1800) she was also privately baptized this day by Adhemar St Martin, G. Young, Alexis, T. Pothier, Angellique Adhemar, Adhemar La Framboise.

February 17:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Francois Meloche b-1764 son (III)-Pierre Meloche b-1730 and (II)-Marie Catherine Guignard dit St. Etienne b-1734;  married (IV)-Francoise Aide-Crequy, born July 5, 1774 daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste and Marie Madeleine Gatignon Duchesne see 1763.

February 17:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, Francoise Perineau who married Louis Castagnet who also married Ursule Cadoret daughter Francois Cadoret.

February 24:  Fort Detroit, marriage Jean Baptiste Laboursoliere to (II)-Marie Anne Hesse? daughter (I)-Charles Hesse?. 

February 25:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Francis Xavier Cantara born 1748 son (II)-Joseph Cantara (1700-1768) and (II)-Marie Louise St. Laurent (1709-1794); married February 25, 1794 Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), Madeleine St. Germain dit Lamoureux veuve de Joseph Paille.

March:   John McDonell reported that Tranquille bought a slave woman from Le Pensionnaire in the Red River.  

March 20:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Poet Wyndham, of the 5th Regt., he shot himself. 

April 7:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Alexandre Bourassa born March 19, 1794 son Daniel Bourassa and Marguerite Bertarand private baptism by Adhemar St. Martin.

April 7:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Regis Bourassa, Metis, born March 1794 son Panis Woman belonging to Danial Bourassa, private Baptism by Adhemar St. Martin..

April 26:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Mrs. E. Hill, wife of Assistant Hill.

May 3:  Fort Detroit, marriage Laurent Maure to (V)-Suzanne Pineau daughter (IV)-Pierre Amable Pineau dit Laperle b-1745 and Marie Viger..

May 4:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Charlotte Bonga, Metis, born 1786 daughter Jean Bonga and Janne.

May 11:   Michilimackinac, baptism Marie Therese Victoria Barthe born October 21, 1792 d-1841 daughter Jean Baptiste Barthe (1753-1827) and Genevieve Cuillerier Beaubien (1761-1847)

May 11:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Anne Cown, Metis,  born in the woods daughter George Cown an American and an Outhawa Woman Savage.

May 11:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Ursule Mercier, Metis, born 1788 in the woods son Joseph Marie Mercier and a Savage Woman of the Sotteurs (Sauterus).

May 19:  Detroit, marriage (V)-Joseph Roy (Marie Chatellereau) born December 28, 1762 Ste Anne de la Perade, son (IV)-Joseph Roy (1736-1770) and (III)-Louise Hamelin b-1734 veuve d'Antoine Dubord; married (IV)-Archange Dussault daughter (III)-Joseph Mesny b-1756 and Archange Dussault.

May 19:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (II)-Joseph Chatellereau son (I)-Joseph Chatellereau; married Archange Dussault: veuve de Joseph Mesny. 

May 19:   (I)-Cuthbert Grant d-1799 of the North West Company departed the Assiniboine River, bound for Grand Portage, with a load of furs from the Red River District.  Somewhere near present day St Francois Xavier he encountered Monsieur Fournier, a long time free trader, and he was company on the Assiniboine.  Fournier stated that the goods are the property of two Lake Superior traders: Eustache Ignace Trotier DesRivieres Beaubien (1727-1799) and (IV)-Gabriel Attina LaViolette alias Ranger (d-1803).  They had come from Michilimackinac the previous fall. They had wintered in the Dakota Sioux Territory. June 5, (I)-John Sutherland IBC 1778-1812)  of the Hudson Bay Company at Brandon House recorded that, near the forks of the Souris River and Assiniboine, was a South Trader.

May 23:  The McDonell party consisted of nineteen canoes and two boats, manned by one hundred men and masters.  The party camped near Fort Frobisher at the forks of Red River.  Monsieur Gareau, a voyageur with the North West Company, joined the group when it split at the forks.  The main party continued to Lake Winnipeg.  The party, with Monsieur Gareau, St. James, St. Pierre, Bedard, (IV)-Jean Baptiste Couture (b-1735) (Goneau et Gouneau dit Lacouture), and Pierre Alain, went up the Assiniboine River to trade in the River la Souris with the Assiniboine, Gros Ventre, Cree, and some times the Mandan and Blackfoot ventured into the region.

June 1:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Magdaleine Blot, Metis born January 1792 daughter Jerome Blot and a Savage Woman of the Sotteurs (Sauterus).

June 15:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Jean Antoine Cown, Metis born 1782 in the woods son George Cown, an American and a Savage Woman of the Sotteurs (Sauterus).

June 15:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Antoine Soud, Metis son Antoine Soud (Canadian Philippe) and a Savage Woman of the Sotteurs (Sauterus).  Appears to be traveling with George Cown the American?

June 15:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Magdeline Soud, Metis born January 1792 daughter Antoine Soud (Canadian Philippe) and a Savage Woman of the Sotteurs (Sauterus).  Appears to be traveling with George Cown the American?

June 15:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, Charles Peltier son Charles Peltier; married August 22, 1815 Detroit, Michigan, Catherine Dequindre b-1792 died June 12, 1852 Mt Clemens daughter Louis Dagneau de Quindre. 

June 16:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, Francois Bertrand son Joseph Bertrand married Angelique Bernard daughter Guillaume I Bernard.

June 16:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), death, Marie Louise Rancour who was married to Michel Citoleux.

June 18:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Pierre Roy, Metis, born June 1793 son Joseph Roy and Savage Woman of the Courtes Oreille Nation.

June 18:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Angelique Roy, Metis, born 1789 son Joseph Roy and Savage Woman of the Courtes Oreille Nation.

June 19:  St. Louis, Missouri, birth (III)-Louis Benoit Camille Marechal son (II)-Antoine Marechal, Metis, b-1754 likely Cahokia, (Illinois) and (IV)- Catherine Tabeau b-1757; married November 19, 1817 Cahokia, Illinois Madeleine Roy. 

June 21:   John Gregory, a North West Company agent, reports that Etienne Champion (an old Michilimackinac outfitter) and William Grant are fitting out LaViolette and Company for Red River, and says he would rather renounce his shares in the North West Company than be restricted in his trade.

June 22:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Roy, Metis, born 1789 son Andre Roy and Savage Woman of unknown Nation.  

June 22:   (I)-John Sutherland HBC (1778-1812) of Brandon House (at the forks of the Siouris and Assiniboine) noted two more canoes of Southmen and three more canoes July 2.  It is reported the June 22 crew is plundered of their goods by the Indians, fifteen miles upriver.  Jean Baptiste Cadotte is also reported on this river this summer with (Eustache Ignace (1727-1799)) Beaubien. Some refer to these South Men as the last of the French Coureurs des Bois. They were actually a new breed of Metis traders.

June 25:   Michilimackinac, marriage Jean Bonga, liberated Negro slave, of Daniel Robertson; married Jeanne unknown.  They kept the first hotel on the Island of Mackinac.   

June 25:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Henry Bostwick, Metis, born 1782 son Henry Bostwick and Marie Josephte b-1764, baptised June 25, 1794. 

June 27:   John Hay, a clerk of Joseph Reaume (1739-1796), (IV)-Gabriel Attina LaViolette (d-1803), and probably Joseph Reaume (1739-1796) departed Mackinac via Fond du Lac, the Mississippi, Crow Wing, Leaf River, Red River and the Assiniboine. 

June 29:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Eloy Bourassa, son Daniel Bourassa and Marguerite Bertrand,  could be a child of his slave 

June 29:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Magdelaine Bourassa, son Daniel Bourassa and Marguerite Bertrand,  could be a child of his slave 

June 29:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Alexandre Bourassa, son Daniel Bourassa and Marguerite Bertrand,  could be a child of his slave 

July:  Niagara on the Lake, death, a child of a poor stranger called Chambers. 

July 5:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Alexandere Couwn (Cown), Metis son George Couwn (Cown) and Savage Woman of the Courtes Oreille Nation.

July 6:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Apoline Souligny, Metis born 1790 son Francois Souligny and Savage Woman of the Courtes Oreilles Nation.

July 6:  Michilimackinac, baptism Charlotte Wagacoucher, born January 1793 daughter Charles Wagacoucher and Marguerite Marcotte.

July 9:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Louise Chevalier daughter Amable Chevalier and Savage Woman of the Outauais Nation.  

July 21:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Marie Campeau daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1743 and (V)-Genevieve Godet born 1751. They reached the mouth of the Souris River October 14.   On October 15, (I)-Robert Goodwin (1761-1805) of Brandon House received clerk, John Hay, a Rhehoam (Joseph Reaume (1739-1796)), (IV)-Levelett (LaViolette) , and company.  They advised that more canoe are following.   The next day he reported three more Canadian Canoes, a Mr. Auzee and Beaubein (some claim Francois Beaubien Desrivieres of Montreal) (more likely the son of old Mackinac trader Beaubien), heading for Capel River then for the Qu'Appelle River.  At Portage La Prairie is Joseph Reaume (1739-1796) and Dejadon, a clerk of (IV)-Gabriel Attina dit LaViolette's, being opposed by William McKay of the North West Company and John Linklater of the Hudson Bay Company.

July 24:   It is reported that the Gros Ventre attacked the forts at the South Branch about 90 miles north of Saskatoon. The North West Company repulsed the attack, but only one occupant of the Hudson Bay Company survived the attack.  The Companies refused to trade with the Gros Ventre for the next six years.  Even after 1800, guns were not traded with these peoples.  This forced them to withdraw from Canada to Montana. 

August 5:  Cahokia, marriage (IV)-Julienne Lepage, Metis, daughter (III)-Joseph Lepage, Metis, b-1750 and Genevieve Frechet: married Joseph Desmarets. 

August 7:   Elizabeth Simcoe wrote: We hear nothing but reports of war with the States; in that case I and the children go immediately to Quebec, that place will of course be besieged but it is thought better for me to be in a strong place where hostilities will be carried out regularly than here (at York) where constant depredations may be expected.

August 20:   General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, the American revolutionary hero, at Fallen Timbers near the western shore of Lake Erie, fought a decisive battle with his friendly neighbors of the Indian Nation.  His troops put Indian villages and crops to the torch, sending a strong signal throughout the Old Northwest.

August 24:  Michilimackinac, baptism, (IV)-Genevieve LaFrambois Metis daughter (III)-Alexis (Alexander) LaFramboise Metis (1763-1800) and Josephte Adhemar.

September 8:  Fort Detroit, birth, (III)-Archange MacDougal daughter (II)-Robert MacDougal b-1764 and (V)-Archange Campeau b-1766.

September 9:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Felicite Campeau daughter (IV)-Francois Basile Campeau (1743-1795) and (IV)-Suzanne Moran born 1760.

September 17:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Longhill, of the 5th Regt.

October:   Rene Jusseaume (Jussome and Jesseaume) ( later an interpreter for Louis and Clark) and Menard, with five associates, packed five horses with guns, powder and merchandise at Knife River for trade with the Mandan and Hidatsa of North Dakota.  Rene had told Alexander Henry the younger, Metis (1739-1824)  that he and his Indian wife had been living with the Indians for the past 14 years.  They built a fort between the two nations.  Jacques Clamorgan and other St. Louis merchants, organized the Commercial Company to establish trade with the Mandans; stop British trade among them ,and to find a way to the Pacific.  To this end, they offered a three thousand reward to the first Spanish subject to reach the Pacific.  Jean Baptiste Truteau, a schoolteacher  who knew the Dakota, led the first expedition to the Dakota's to determine the distance from the Mandan village to the Rocky Mountains.  They departed June 7, 1794 with a party of eight men. In November, the Jay treaty called for the evacuation of all forts on the south shores of the Great Lakes, to the United States, by 1796.

October 1:  Fort Detroit, death (II)-Robert McGregor son (I)-Gregoire McGregor and Suzanne Robert.

October 3:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Elisabeth Chapoton daughter (III)-Louis Alexis Chapoton born 1764 and (IV)-Catherine Meloche born 1765.

October 4:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (V)-Joseph DeMarsac son (IV)-Francois DeMarsac born 1770 and (V)-Cecile Saucier born 1773.

October 6:   Michilimackinac, marriage Jean Baptiste Mineville to Charlotte unknown.

October 7:   Niagara on the Lake, death, Mrs. Chambers, wife James Chambers.

October 22: Detroit death Antoine Scayanis b-1758

October 25:  Niagara on the Lake, death, James Chambers, an unfortunate stranger 

October 26:  Michilimackinac, baptism, Charlotte born 1777 a Sauteux Savage.

October 27:  Michillimackinac, baptism, Josette Freraux daughter Nicolas Freraux and Dame Joseohte Poitras.

November 4: Detroit marriage (IV)-Charles Morand b-1755 son (III)-Claude Charles Morand; married (III)-Catherine Vassiere b-1775 daughter (II)-Louise Vessiere

November 4:  Fort Detroit, marriage, (IV)-Charles Morand born March 29, 1755 Fort Detroit, son (III)-Claude Charles Morand (1722-1775) and (III)-Marie Anne Belleperche (1734-1794); married November 4, 1794 Fort Detroit (III)-Catherine Vessiere Vessierre) b-1775 daughter (II)-Louis Vessierre..

November 11:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Anthony Slingerland 

November 24:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Louis Cauchois son (III)-Jean Baptiste Cauchois (died before 1777), voyager and (II)-Angelique Sejourne dit Sanschagrin; married (V)-Marie Francoise Pineau born February 5, 1774 Fort Detroit, daughter (IV)-Joseph Pineau b-1741 and (II)-Marie Francoise Brillant b-1757.
    (V)-Monique Morand b-1795 Detroit

November 26:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Louis Morand born August 14, 1757 Fort Detroit son (III)-Claude Charles Morand (1722-1775) and (III)-Marie Anne Belleperche (1734-1794); married (IV)-Marie Catherine Campeau daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1737 and Catherine Boyer.
    (V)-Monique Morand b-1795 Detroit

November 29:   William McKay of the North West Company conspired with (I)-Robert Goodwin (1761-1805) at Brandon House to limit the success of Cadotte's party who is taking all the best trade in the Red River.  Jean Baptiste Cadotte had made 6 packs on the Grand Rapid of the Assiniboine, and McKay complained that they had made no packs.  (I)-John Sutherland HBC (1778-1812) at Shell River reported that Cadotte had 23 bundles of real fur but went on to say, " I don't believe it. I hear Furney expended 10 keg of rum and not got two packs of fur". (I)-Cuthbert Grant, d-1799, Chief officer of Red River Department for the North West Company, reports his department is in ruin because of opposing interests, there are 14 Forts to oppose, which, with 7 belonging to the North West Company, amounts in all to 21 forts in Red River. The North West Company has seven forts opposing 14 competitors.  The North West Company had 4 canoes, Hudson Bay Company had 5 canoes, and the Coureurs des Bois had 17 canoes out of Michilimackinac, some of which are suspected for Fort des Prairies for next summers business. Jean Baptiste Cadotte is considered the key to the Coureurs des Bois operation. (I)-Robert Goodwin (1761-1805) declined the McKay proposal, having too few men to spare.

December 4:   William McKay of the N.W.C. again wrote (I)-Robert Goodwin (1761-1805) at Brandon House saying it was immaterial whether he and (I)-Robert Goodwin (1761-1805) of HBC sent goods or not to oppose Cadotte, as no goods had come from above. The North West Company was determined to stop Cadotte. It is noteworthy that it is only fifteen miles overland from the Cadotte Post to the Souris (the West River), near the present Hartney, Manitoba, and in this area (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) located what he called Ash House, which had been occupied for two winters, finally being abandoned by 1797/98.

December 7:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, Phillip Sparkman son John Sparkman to Susannah Stedman.

December 13: Detroit marriage (IV)-Joseph Francois b-1751 Charlesbourg to Genevieve Comparet

December 14:   Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), death, (I)-Benjamin Jonce b-1722 an Englishman.

December 15:  Niagara on the Lake, death, Mr. Barnham, a stranger, dropped down dead. 

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