The British, having imposed sanctions on the Metis Colony at Red River, expect retaliation.
The Metis Nation offer the Scottish and Irish squatters free transportation to Upper Canada.
This year only 13 sponsored Hudson Bay Company families remained at Selkirk Town, Red River.
The Hudson Bay Company colony on the Red River is now only a garrison.
Only 13 HBC sponsored squatter families are at Red River de Metis.


  10/25/2011 METIS HISTORY 1816-1820

METIS HISTORY Return to METIS 1800-1849 index

METIS HISTORY Return to MAIN METIS index

DIRECTORY Return to MAIN HISTORY index

The Red River Regional Government created the first Canadian Mounted Calvary.
The Canadians routed the Scottish squatters from the H.B.C. Red River colony and burned their buildings and crops.
The Metis had no serious objections to the Scottish settlers, only with their British war like tactics.

For the St. Paul, Minnesota listing of refugees from the turmoil at the Red River Colonies.  Go To St. Paul  1815-1850

1815  

Mary M. Beaudreau, Ottawa Metis, b-1815 arrived 1833 Grand River, wife Louis B. Badeau, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

Rhoda Bingham, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815, arrived 1828 Sault Ste Marie, a orphan, bound to the mission, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

Xavier Biron, in 1846, claimed to have occupied the same spot on the north bank of St. Mary's River (Sault Ste Marie) from 1815 to 1846.  He claimed to have written authority from Major Winniett who commanded Drummond Island.

Jean Baptiste Boushay, Metis b-1815 arrived 1929 Sault Ste Marie, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.  Rejected as originally from Font Du Lac.

Nelson House, Churchill, district: birth (II)-Margaret Charles, Metis, daughter (I)-John Charles, b-1784 and (II)-Jane Auld, Metis (1794-1841) 

Martens Falls, Albany River, birth, (III)-Charlotte Daniel, Metis, baptized November 9, 1832 Red River, died January 9, 1833, daughter (II)-Griffiths (Griffith) Daniel, Metis, (183/90-1869) employed HBC (1800-1830) and Indian Woman

(II)-John Dugald Cameron, (1777-1857) a Canadian claims to be a brother of Duncan Cameron of New York working for the North West Company escorted the deserting Scottish Red River settlers to Upper Canada and then 1836 took over the Sault Ste Marie Department.  He married Mary an Indian girl and in 1846 he moved his Metis family to Upper Canada and Mary helped manage the family farm.

Jean Baptiste Charbonneau born December 25, 1795, died 1883 son Joseph Charbonneau and Marguerite Lamoureux arrived Lake Winnipeg to work the North West.

Nicolas Contwa, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815 Sault Ste Marie, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

Sophia Corbin, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815, arrived January, 1836 Mackinac, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.  Rejected sister Margaritta Stevens, Ojibwa Metis b-1810, came into the district in July.

Mary Ann Dousman, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815 Mackinac, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.  A cousin of the Chief Aintz.  Mary is listed 1/4 Ojibwa.

Margaret Ducamp, Ottawa Metis b-1815  Grand River, sister of Louis Boureseau Ottawa Metis b-1812, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

Joseph Duchene La Prairie or Mushkedewinn (Prairie Man) is purchasing trade goods at Sault Ste Marie until 1818.

Pierre Dufault, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815 Sault Ste Marie son of Ojibwa Metis parents, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

Moose Lake (Manitoba) birth, (II)-Janette (Janet, Jessie) Dunnet, Metis , baptized Juue 5, 1823 Red River daughter (I)-William Dunnet aka Dunnett, Dennet (1780-1864) employed HBC (1796-1821) and (II)-Sophia Ballendine, Metis, b-1791: married January 2, 1833 John Houre.

James Enos, Ottawa Metis, b-1815, arrived 1835 Moskego, son Enos Metis Man and Ottawa woman, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

(I)-Nicol Finlayson (1794-1877) joined HBC (1815-1854) Albany, Ungava, York Lac La Plue, Carlton House, Saskatchewan River (1848-1849) etc, 
1st married an Indian girl about 1822 Albany
    (II)-John Finlayson Metis (1823-1898) born Escabitchewan, Lake Superior District , bapt 1831 HBC (1839-1877) wife not identified, listed as brother to * and 1/2 brother to children of Elizabeth Kennedy ##
    (II)-Hector Finlayson Metis *(1827-1901) born Osnabourgh, Albany, bapt 1831 HBC (1838-1887) married Sarah  
    (II)-Benjamin Finlayson Metis * (1828-1835) bapt 1835
    (II)-Joseph Finlayson Metis *(1830-1901) born Albany, bapt 1835 HBC (1847-1871) married Floria Bell 
    (II)-Anne MacKenzie Finlayson  Finlayson Metis bapt 1839
2nd married 1829 (II)-Elizabeth (Betsy) Kennedy Metis ## (1810-1842) daughter (I)-Alexander Kennedy (1781-1832) and Aggathas (Agatha & Aggatha) also Mary Isbister also (Bear) Metis or Native (1782-1863)
    (II)-Roderick Finlayson Metis ## b-1838 a twin
    (II)-Kenneth Finlayson Metis ## b-1838 a twin
    (II)-Mary Finlayson Metis ## b-1839/40 at Moose Fort, married 1863 Lamb with three children
        Elizabeth Kennedy Lamb 
        James Alexander Lamb 
        Isobel Finlayson Lamb

(I)-Thomas Firth 1796/1799 joined HBC (1815-1834) Red River, Swan River, Fort Hibernia, Beaver Creek, Moose Lake and Fort Edmonton in 1820, married 1838 Grand Rapids Church (St. Andrews) Elizabeth Indian bapt 1837 
    (II)-Charles Firth Metis bapt 1834
    (II)-Elizabeth Firth Metis bapt 1834, married 1848 John Corrigal
    (II)-William Firth Metis bapt 1834, d-1842
    (II)-Charlotte Firth Metis bapt 1835
    (II)-Elizabeth (Betsy) Firth Metis bapt 1837, d-1842
    (II)-Mary Firth Metis bapt 1839
    (II)-Ann Firth Metis bapt 1841
    (II)-Jane Firth Metis bapt 1844

Simon Fraser (1776-1862) of the N.W.C. was determined to retire this year due to the increasing violence between the H.B.C. and the N.W.C., but he was persuaded to stay on for one more year in the Athabasca.

Red River birth (V)-Euphrosine Gariepy, Metis daughter (IV)-Louis Gariepy (Gardipie, Gardipis and Gaedipi) born July 3, 1777 Lachenaie, Quebec, and Josephte Saulteaux b-1785: married Abraham Martin dit Barnabe  

Jean Baptiste Gervais (1798-1870) joined NWC Red River 1815-1819;  (1820-1821) and went to Columbia District in (1823-1829).  Jean was the brother of Joseph Gervais (1777-1861) of Pacific Fur Company 1810 Columbia District

New Brunswick, Moose District, birth (II)-Philip Gladman, Metis (1815-1821) son  (I)-George Gladman (1765-1821) and Mary More (Moar) an Indian woman from Moose Factory (1774-1858)

Cuthbert Grant, Metis, born 1793 Grant House in Saskatchewan, educated in Montreal and Scotland, returned to Red River where his sister Josephte is married to John Wills of the N.W.C.  Another sister is married to Pierre Falcon, and their father had died  in1799 at Grand Portage.  (II)-William McGillivray, Metis (1764-1825) acted as their guardian. 

Charlotte Gravereat, Ojibwa Metis, b-1790, arrived 1815 Mackinac, wife Henry Gravereat Sr., listed March 28, 1836 treaty 

Joseph Gullee, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815 St. Ignace, brother to W.H. Cross, listed March 28, 1836 treaty. 

(III)-Nancy Kipling, Metis b-1815, died after 1881, daughter (II)-George Kipling, Metis, b-1780,  and Marguerite Oknese, a Native woman, this was his mother, he married Nancy Indian 

Mrs Alexis La Bitte, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815 St. Ignace, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.  Father Ojibwa Metis 1/2 breed, mother Ojibwa Indian.

(III)-Charles La Violette (1795-1867) from St. Ours, Quebec, I suspect he is son  (II)-Jean Baptiste Valle b-1766 and (married 1790 Quebec) (V)-Marie Angelique Garneau b-1770; joined NWC 1815-1821) Sault Ste Marie HBC (1821-1822) Lac La Pluie.  Charles has no record for period NWC (1815-1821) or HBC (1821-1822) more than a bit suspicious.  In 1823 York Factory, (1825-1839) English River, retired Red River.
1st married Elizabeth Cree b-1806
    (IV)-Jean Baptiste La Violette Metis b-1826 English River married Nancy Paul b-1832
    (IV)-Antoine La Violette Metis b-1832 English River, married Marie Cayen Metis b-1832
    (IV)-Marie Nancy La Violette Metis (1835-1863) born English River
2nd married Therese Moreau dit Ducharme b-1829 daughter Jean Baptiste Moreau dit Ducharme and Charlotte Lafeville aka (LaFeuille - Gariepy - Vallie - Vallee etc.) Metis. 
    (IV)-Cecile La Violette Metis? bapt 1850
    (IV)-Justine La Violette Metis? bapt 1853
    (IV)-Modeste La Violette Metis? b-1855
    (IV)-Charles La Violette Metis? b-1858
    (IV)-Charles Jonas La Violette Metis? b-1860
    (IV)-Marie Apolline La Violette Metis? b-1864
Jean Baptiste Moreau French Canadian and Charlotte Lafeville aka (LaFeuille - Gariepy - Vallie - Vallee etc.) Metis. 

Joseph Lefond, in 1846, claimed to have occupied the same spot on the North Bank of St. Mary's River (Sault Ste Marie) from 1815 to 1846.  He claimed to have written authority from Major Winniett who commanded Drummond Island.

Alexis Pelotte, Ojibwa Metis, b-1815 Mackinac, son Pelotte a Frenchman and L'Arbre Croche Woman, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.

Dakota, birth Agathe Renville Metis daughter Joseph (Akipa) Renville (1779-1846) Metis and Marie (Tonkanne) Little Crow (daughter of the sister of Chief Little Crow).

Dakota, birth Francois Renville Metis son Joseph (Akipa) Renville (1779-1846) Metis and Marie (Tonkanne) Little Crow (daughter of the sister of Chief Little Crow); married Marguerite Bellegarde.

James Grant of the N.W.C. is wintering Leech Lake, with William Morrison wintering at Sandy Lake Post when the Selkirk war begins.  (I)-Duncan Cameron a Scot (1764-1848) sent Grant a letter requesting assistance in his conflict with Colin Robertson and the Selkirk supporters.  

Jean Baptiste Chandonee, his wife Marie Chapoton and her Aunt Therese Schindler wintered at Mackinac.

Joseph Delorme, Metis b-1815 Pembina, a hunter married about 1835 most likely Red River, Isabelle Gouneau (Gaurneau), Metis b-1818 Pembina. 1850 census.  (Joseph b-1822 & Isabel b-1803)  Genealogy First Metis Nation.   (Joseph b-1822 would be age 13 when married so not likely correct).

Peter Gruet, Ottawa Metis, b-1815, arrived 1834 Saginaw, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.  Rejected as lives out of district.

Margaritta La Croix, Ottawa Metis, b-1812, arrived 1815 Mackinac, wife Francois La Croix, Ottawa Metis b-1802, listed March 28, 1836 treaty.  

(II)-Robert Hourie Jr., Metis, b-1815 son (I)-John Hourie Sr. b-1779 Orkney married 1809, Margaret Indian b-1787 North West Territories; married (II)-Christiana Anderson, Metis, b-1855 Red River, daughter (I)-James Anderson, born Scotland and Mary Demoran Cree.

Charles Huireault b-1793 married Marie Grey Metis b-1805 most likely North West.

Jean Baptiste Joseph dit Laboucane Lafournaise, Metis b-1815 Red River des Metis Settlement son Joseph B. LaFournaise b-1775 and Suzanne Leclere dit Allard, Sarcie Metis;married Marguerite Gosselin, Metis, born January 1816, Red River des Metis, died 1887, Duhamel (Alberta) daughter Michel Gosselin, born August 25, 1773 Ste Familee L'IIe D'orleans, Quebec and Marguerite Assiniboine, b-1796. 

William McIntosh (1784-1842) is located at Fort Vermillion.

(II)-John Richards McKay Metis, (1792-1877) son John McKay (1753-1910) and (II)-Mary Favell Metis; 1st married Harriet Ballenden (1795/1800-1854): 2n married Catherine Smith b-1836; 3rd married LaReine Trotter 

(II)-Roderick McKenzie Metis d-1830 joined NWC (1815-1821) not specified; HBC (1821-1830) Lake Superior likely son (I)-Roderick McKenzie brother (I)-Donald McKenzie (1783-1851) and Adelgonade Humbert Droz b-1807 or son of (I)-Donald

Archange Marcellais, Metis, b-1815 Red River des Metis daughter Jean Baptiste Marcellais, Sr., b-1767 Canada married 1794, Angelique Assinboine Indian b-1785 most likely North West; married March 5, 1832 Red River, Antoine Villiebrune, b-1708 son Louis Villebrune Sr., b-1780 Lower Canada and Marie Anne Collets of the Zhezhegweweg Ojibwa.

(II)-Pierre Cyrysologue Pambrun (1792/93-1841) burried Walla Walla, son (I)- Andrew Dominique Pambrun (1744-1835) (son Dominique and Jeanne Adelaid Lindenbrun) and Angelique Hyracque from L'Islet, Quebec; joined HBC (1815-1841) after serving in war of 1812 he may have worked NWC??.  He survived the 7 Oaks attack at Red River Settlement.  Went to Montreal in 1817 to g ive evidence and London 1818 to give evidence.  He was in Athabasca in 1816.  (1819-1820) back in Hudson Bay.  (1820-1821) Cumberland House, (1821-1822) York Factory, (1822-1823) Bow River expedition, 1823 Fort Edmonton, (1823-1830) Lesser Slave Lake, Smoky River, Fort Kilmaurs, Babine.  (1825-1841) New Caledonia and Columbia District.  He had three wives the first being native women and children not identified ; 3rd wife married (this could be churched?) December 8, 1838 Fort Vancouver Catherine (Kitty) Horteuse Umfreville Metis daughter Thomas Umfreville and Anne Turner Cree/Metis (1805-1886) pf York Factory. 
Recorded children are:
    (III)-Andrew Dominique Pambrun Metis b-1821 married Marie (Mary) Cook (1824-1912)
    (III)-Pierre Chrysologue Pambrun Jr. Metis b-1824
    (III)-Thomas Pambrun Metis (1832-1896) married 1st. Shoshone, 2nd Jane Tenday Indian
    (III)-John Pambrun Metis
    (III)-Alexander Pambrun Metis
    (III)-Maria Pambrun Metis
    (III)-Ada Pambrun Metis
    (III)-Harriet Pambrun Metis
    (III)-Sarah Pambrun Metis

Alexander Ross of the N.W.C. recorded that the Okanagon women are virtues; with engaging sweetness; make good house wives; and are modest, affectionate and chaste, so there is little surprise when he married Sally Okanagan and had 13 children.

Lake Superior, birth Marguerite Souilliere Metis daughter Basile Souilliere and a Cree Woman; she married Lake Superior Sieur Roussin and had a son Joseph Roussin, family moved to Vancouver 1831; 2nd marriage 1830 Vancouver a country marriage David Dompierre and had a daughter Marie, a son David in 1836 and got married (Churched) 1838 in Vancouver.

Moose Factory: marriage (I)-William Swanson (1794-1865) to (II)-Anne (Nancy) Brown, Metis d-before 1835, daughter (I)-Joseph Brown (1772-1818) and Elizabeth Indian or Metis;

Selkirk hired Louis Nolin, the Ojibwa Metis from Sault Ste Marie, as an interpreter at Red River (1815-1817). Selkirk considered Louis as being intelligent.  Some claim Selkirk established the first permanent settlement in the Northwest, totally ignoring the Metis Red River Settlement that was over 20 years old.

The North West Company assigned (I)-Duncan Cameron a Scot (1764-1848), who was stationed at Fort Gibralter, to see to the removal of all H.B.C. settlers at Red River.  Alexander Macdonell, stationed at Qu'Appelle, was assigned the task of inciting the Metis to defend themselves against the H.B.C. encroachment.

Bastonnais Pangman, born 1778 Saskatchewan River, was active on the raids upon the new settlers and helped negotiate the withdrawal of the British settlers from Red River.  The Canadian Metis Nation, in retaliation for the British's actions, offered the Scottish Selkirk squatters free transportation to new homes and better land in upper Canada.  Two thirds of the two hundred settlers in Red River accepted the offer, arriving at Holland Landing on September 5.  This departure included 134 people.  The Metis began to be more militant after the British refused to allow them to trade food with the Canadian North West Company.   

Bastonnais Pangman, Cuthbert Grant Jr., and other Metis attacked the H.B.C. colony, burning a few cabins and shooting some horses.  They suggested that the remaining sixty six settlers should quit the place.  John McLeod, being super-stubborn, refused to comply.

(I)-John McDonald b-1790 Isle of Lewis joined HBC (1815-1823) Merry's House, Island Lake retiring to Red River, married 1825 (II)-Sarah Swain Metis bapt 1825 died before 1870, daughter (I)-James Swain Sr. b-1775 and native girl;
    (II)-Catherine McDonald Metis b-1820*
    (II)-Mary McDonald Metis bapt 1827
    (II)-Charlotte McDonald Metis bapt 1829
    (II)-Donald McDonald Metis bapt 1831
    (II)-John McDonald Metis Jr. bapt 1834
    (II)-Christie McDonald Metis b-1842*
    (II)-James McDonald Metis b-1844*
* 1870 census

(II)-Miles Macdonell (1767/69-1828), Governor of Assiniboina (1815-1817) wrote:  Our surrender to the enemy has not saved the colony.  Our people, servants and settlers have been driven off by the N.W.C., who set fire to the houses and burned the whole to the ground.  (II)-Simon McGillivray, Metis d-1840, son (I)-William McGillivray and Susan Indian, said, " I am happy to inform you that the colony has been knocked on the head by the N.W.C." 

(II)-Miles Macdonell (1767-1828) of the H.B.C., appointed Governor of the Assiniboia and leader of the British Red River colony, is arrested, imprisoned and eventually sent to Montreal as a common criminal.  He returned in 1817, but quit back to Montreal a broken man.  Selkirk would place the following men on his hit list:  (I)-Duncan Cameron a Scot (1764-1848), Alexander Macdonell, Cuthbert Grant and Bostonnais Pangman. 

Francois Rainville, Metis, b-1815 Pembina, North Dakota son Joseph Rainville, b-1779 U.S.A. and Mary Little Crow; married Marguerite Bellegarde aka Demerre, b-1817, Pembina, North Dakota daughter Alex Joseph Bellegarde, born April 21, 1792 Louisville, Quebec, died December 9, 1852, Pembina, North Dakota and Marguerite Dufort, b-1790/94 Red River Des Metis died after 1892..

Pierre Robillard (1797-1873) joined NWC (1815-1821) Fort William, Nipigon, Las des Isle,  HBC (1821-1844) Lac la Plue, Lake Superior, Albany, married Margaret Indian or Metis (1800-1837)
    Catherine Robillard Metis married 1855 John Simpson Metis b-1833
    Isabella Robillard Metis b-1837 Albany married 1851 Alexander McDonald

Augustine Troiter, Ottawa Metis, b-1815 St. Ignace son Francis Trotier, Metis and Francis Ottawa Metis, listed March 28, 1836 treaty. 

Red River Andrew Trottier Jr. Metis, a NWC man b-1784 Pembina or (1791-1874+) son Andrew Trotter Sr. b-1757 and Louise Saulteaux, married Marguerite Pacquet (Paquette dit St. Denis), Metis, b-1787 or b-1800 Red River des Metis daughter Antoine Pacquet and Lisette Cree

(II)-Peter Whitford Metis born York Factory bapt 1820 son (I)-James Whitford (1766-1818 and Sarah Indian (1775-1845); married (II)-Christina Spence Metis daughter (I)-Magnue Spence c-1764/65
    (III)-Emma Whitford Metis bapt 1823
    (III)-Simon Whitford Metis bapt 1826
    (III)-Magnus Whitford Metis bapt 1831
    (III)-Christy Whitford Metis bapt 1834
    (III)-Peter Whitford Metis bapt 1836, d-1837
    (III)-Charles Whitford Metis bapt 1838
    (III)-Ann Whitford Metis bapt 1841
    (III)-Alexander Whitford Metis bapt 1843
    (III)-John Whitford Metis bapt 1846
    (III)-Isabella Whitford Metis bapt 1849

The Metis had the choice to confront Colin Robertson and his troops, which could have resulted in war and massive bloodshed, or back off and try negotiation.  The Metis had no serious objection with the Scottish and Irish settlers, only with the British war invasion tactics.  The turncoat, Jean Baptist Lagimodiere Metis (1778-1855), an ancestor of Louis Riel, made the one thousand, eight hundred mile journey to Montreal from Red River to notify Selkirk of the Red River situation.  On his return trip, the Canadian authorities at Fort William arrest and throw him into jail for high treason.  He remained in jail for three months before being released.

Only 13 HBC sponsored squatter families remain at Red River de Metis.

 (IV)-Joseph Cadotte (b-1788) of the Southern Department of the North West Company, requested Metis support in massacring a few adherents of Lord Selkirk in order to send a message to Briton.  The Metis rejected the request, saying the Metis are not barbarians.

Rat Point, Red River des Metis, our people had been out after bullalo and killed 13 of them, Mr Warren killed 5, Pinkman 1, (II)-Jack Ram aka John Kipling (1781-1825) 4 and Numps Favel 3, according to Miles MacDonell. 

The Americans forbid the presence of foreign traders in American Territory.

(II)-Robert Semple Jr. (1776-1816) son (I)-Robert Semple Sr. arrived York Factory having been appointed by Selkirk as Governor of the Company's Territories in Hudson Bay.  He ventured with settlers from Sutherlandshire, Scotland to Red River, des Metis Settlement.   He soon ran into conflict with Colin Robertson, who persisted in calling him "Mr. Simple".   (II)-Robert Semple Jr. was contemptuous of the Metis inhabitants. 

January 5:  Andrew Jackson (1767-1845), not being aware that the American War of 1812 was over, led  a US Army of Kentuckians and Tennesseeans, with allies such as pirate (I)-Jean Lafitte (Laffite) (1780/81-1825/26) of French/Spanish mixed-blood and 4,000 Backwoodsmen (Metis?) and decimated a British force of 8,000 in the Battle for New Orleans.  The British likely assumed the mostly French Metis would side with the British or at worst stay neutral.   A massacre ensued with 2,044 British Veterans being cut down, dead, wounded or missing and only 71 Louisiana lay dead.  Lafitte provided munitions and men but it is believed he did not take an active part in the war.  Others suggest he was in the forefront of the action.  He however did receive a pardon from the US for his pirate activities.  Most historians believed this was the last assault of the war of 1812 but they are in error.

January 13:  The last clash of the war of 1812 occurred at Fort Point Peter on the southern tip of Georgia when the Canadians and British led by Robert Barrie took the American Fort and the town of St. Marys.  The British burned the fort and looted St Marys.  It was later described as a poor, dreary and miserable place. 

April 4:  Cahokia, marriage (V)-Louis Vaudry son (IV)-Antoine Vaudry born May 17, 1747 and (IV)-Anne Agnes Bourassa et Brassard, b-1757; married Constance Grandbois.

April 13:   (I)-Duncan Cameron a Scot (1764-1848) authorized some friendly H.B.C. settlers, with the help of Cuthbert Grant and William Shaw, to take possession of field pieces belonging to the colony.  This included nine pieces of light artillery; including a swivel gun, a small howitzer and various cannons.  One of the H.B.C. colony men who assisted in the raid was arrested, but the Metis raided the H.B.C. Governor's house and released the prisoner.

May:   Alexander Macdonell came down from Qu'Appelle with 12 Cree and attacked the H.BC. colony on the Red River, killing 12 horses with arrows to warn the settlers of an impending war.

June 19:  Red River, (II)-Robert Semple Jr., Governor-in-chief of the Hudson Bay Company was born February 26, 1777 Boston, Mass and died June 19, 1816, Red River.   He knew little of the fur trade, the north west and nothing of the Metis Nation.  He ignored warnings from the Saulteaux and Colin Robertson and with a band of 26 men marched on Cuthbert Grant contingent of 60 Metis.  Semple was a stupid, arrogant man, who attempted to overlord the Metis and forfeited his life and that of his rag tag band.  It is noteworthy that Selkirk's agents issued a Proclamation confiscating all food in Red River area, including the North West Company supplies in 1814.  This was after the Metis had freely provided food to the HBC settlers to avoid starvation.  The Metis considered this a declaration of war and the Scots as hypocrites.

June 25:   (I)-Peter Fidler (1769-1822)  reported on June 25, 1815, that the Canadian half-breeds (Metis) served notice on the Hudson Bay Company for all Selkirk Settlers to retire from the region.  Fidler says that the Hudson Bay begs for peace, promising the half-breeds  (Metis) would not have to comply with Hudson Bay law.  (I)-Peter Fidler (1769-1822) reported, on June 28, that only 13 Hudson Bay Company families remained at Red River.  This can hardly be called a HBC colony.  He also reported that 26 Canadians passed the settlement on their way up the Red River.  Miles MacDonnell of the Hudson Bay Company, in a state of high nervous agitation, surrendered himself to the legal authorities at Fort Gibraltar.  (II)-Thomas Thomas, a Metis, who is Britons Chief Factor and Governor of the Southern war Department, declined a position with (I)-Thomas Douglas (1771-1820) in Red River and an offer of Governor of the British Northern War District.  On August 30 British Governor Simple appointed (II)-Thomas Thomas and (I)-Peter Fiddler (1769-1822) as Councilors of the British District of Assiniboine.

June 25:   A written Order is delivered to the H.B.C. colonists to retire immediately from the Red River, and no appearance of a colony is to to remain.  Those departing shall not be molested in their passage out.  The Order was signed by James Southerland and James White on behalf of the Hudson Bay Company and the settlers, while Bostonnais Pangman, Cuthbert Grant, William Shaw and Bonhomme Montour signed for the Metis.  The H.B.C. settlers fled northward.  The H.B.C. Red River colony ceased to exist as of this date, and those few who remained were part of the H.BC. garrison.

June 28: Only 13 HBC families still remained at Red River des Metis.

July:   Louis Dorion, Metis (1782-1890), is a signer of a treaty at Portage des Sioux with the Dakota. 

July 31:   Mackinac Notary Book 1806-1818 recorded that Berthelot & Rolette sent Pierre Geuesselin to the Prairie.

August 5: Moose Lake, birth (II)-John Flett, Metis son (I)-George Flett (1775-1850) and (II)-Margaret (Peggy) Whitford, Metis b-about 1798 

September:   Some 140 Highland Scots from the Red River Metis Settlement are transported by the North West Company to Holland Landing, arriving in September.  They found temporary employment in the Young Street Settlement, but in 1819, they relocated to West Gwillimbury.   

September 15:   The Canadian Mounted Cavalry routed the Scottish squatters from the Red River and then burned their buildings and destroyed their crops.  All but three of the Scots left the Metis Territory, some going to Little Canada (St Paul, Minnesota).  Others later returned with Colin Robertson and a British Athabasca brigade, including eighty four new squatters, bringing the immigrant population to two hundred and seventy people.  Colin Robertson, a Canadian turncoat and former Nor'wester, are now acting on orders from London to eliminate the Canadians in the Athabasca.  Colin Robertson wrote in his diary: "The plan I am now executing, with the assistance of the (British) establishment, bids fair for the downfall of the most tyrannical system of commerce that ever existed", -referring to the Metis and the Canadian North West Company.  Other reports suggest that poor crops and lack of support from Selkirk or the Hudson Bay Company saw 140 Highland Scots desert the Selkirk's settlement this year, using the North West Company canoes landed in September on the Young Street Settlement.  By 1819 some had resettled in West Gwillimbury.  Others suggest the Selkirk settlers fled to Jack River at the North end of Lake Winnipeg to the HBC post located there.  They say the Metis razed Fort Douglas, looted everything of value, burning the Selkirk settlement.

October 8:   Mackinac Notary Book 1806-1818 recorded that John Caron sent John Francois & Henry Magner to the Prairie.

1815  

LA POINTE, MADELEINE ISLAND LAKE SUPERIOR

Louis Gaunaux, alias Gournon, Gornow and Garneau, is born 1790, Wisconsin, most likely La Pointe, Madeline Island, Lake Superior died about 1863 Sault Ste Marie.  He is of Mixed Blood, being the son of Monsieur Garneau and Mother Sioux (Se Gaunaux So Way Guay) as per 1854 treaty script No. 31C.  Louis married about 1815 at La Pointe, Wisconsin to a Chippewa girl Se-Ranze (Say-Shaw-Ne-Nie?) born 1800 Canada daughter Se Ranze of La Pointe and she is still unable to read or write in 1850.  They say Shaw Ne Nie could be an adopted Dakota into the Ojibwa tradition or this family story could apply to Louis's mother Se Gaunaux So Way Guay.  Se Gaunaux (So Way Guay) appears to be his mother, but this is not completely verified at this time.   His mother is known to be with him in 1846, listed as Lewis mother, but she is not living with him in 1840.  Louis had a second marriage about 1826 at Sault Ste Marie, Michigan to a (V)-Archange Cadotte listed in 1854 treaty script No 40 living 1854 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan alias Julia Nolan (Nolin) script No. 119 according to the testimony of Joseph Gurnoe, in 1870.  (family members are also recorded as Guernon, Gurnoe, Gournoe, Gournon, Gournow, Gornow, Genereau and Generareaur). The name spelling of Gurnoe, Gurno and Gurneau are the most common surviving spellings in the Lake Superior and Red Lake areas

 On May 11, Louis, who was living Sault Ste Marie in 1854, received word that he would be issued script.  He received script on June 13, 1864, and applied script on January 10, 1865, to E 1/2 of NE 1/4 section 20 township 44N range 5W Bayfield, Wisconsin range and range number 131 recorded volume #1 page 210, date of patent January 10, 1865, died on or before 1868, probably Bayfield, Wisconsin. The Bayfield land description appears to be in error.  Some contend he died in Sault Ste Marie in 1862, but this must be in error.  Theresa Schenck suggests that the Sault Ste Marie records list his death as October 21, 1863 at age 74.

Louis Genereau treaty No. 1080 also selected land under Michigan treaty of July 31, 1855.  The land selected is section 18, township 15, range 16 W79 meaning west 79 acres in Michigan.  This land claim is amended to read W79-63 meaning a 63 foot frontage and recorded under treaty No. 1080 Louis Generareaur.  Under treaty No 1080 Se Garnie (Say-Shaw-Ne-Nie) (f) selected E 1/2 section 7, township 42, range 1 802.89 meaning 802 acres with a frontage of 89 feet in Michigan.  Under treaty No. 935 Se Gaunaux (So-Way-Guay) selected lot No. 5 section 13. township 44, range 12 - 47 transfer, meaning 47 acres transferred to her name in Michigan.

SOURCE: Treaty with Chippewa of Lake Superior, September 30, 1854.  The treaty listed each head of family, single or widowed person, over twenty one years of age (in 1854) or who is raising a family.   They must be of mixed blood and then become entitled to eighty acres of land.  The listing issued by the Secretary of the Interior, April 21, 1871, as published by Government printing office in 1874.  Listing of 1850 census Sault Ste Marie, Michigan reference #12-12 records some of the younger children.   Red Cliff Reservation, Bayfield Bureau of Indian Affairs records, Carole S. Fizell Cadotte Gordon of Ashland records and County Court records.  The list of selection of land made by the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, under treaty of July 31, 1855, included Louis, Say-Shaw-Ne-Nie and So-Way-Guay.  Listing of Sault Ste Marie bands of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians including John, Eli and Francois Gurnoe.  1840 census of Stephen R Wood county lists Louis Gornow with eight boys and five girls living at home.

The spelling of the family name as Gurnoe was by Joseph Gurnoe, who assisted all applicants for script application who were mixed blood Chippewa from Lake Superior.  He identified family members.  He also assisted in full blood Indian allotments before 1854.

FIFTEEN CHILDREN WERE RECORDED:

Isabel Garneau also Gournon, Half-Breed  (Metis), born about 1815 La Pointe, Wisconsin or possibly Fond du Lac married September 9, 1835 La Pointe, Wisconsin a Henry Cotte Half-Breed  (Metis) born 1813.  Both residing Fond du Lac at time of marriage.  Witness are Jos. Montrail and Michel Cadotte.  1854 treaty script No. 57.  Source La Pointe marriages and family relationship confirmed by (7)-Joseph D. Gurnoe during 1854 treaty.

Joseph D Gurnoe born 1819 (1812) La Pointe, Wisconsin, died 1910, Bayfield, Wisconsin.  He married about 1837 a Charlotte LaGuard (Shanud?) born 1813, La Pointe, Wisconsin died June 1, 1898 Red Cliff, Wisconsin.  Both are living1854 in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.  Joseph is a witness, advisor and translator for script application.  He provided evidence to verify all mixed blood Chippewa of Lake Superior to Red River.  By 1870 they were living Bayfield, Wisconsin with a son named Simon Gurnoe.  The 1812 birth date most likly belongs to Joseph Kuisnpau Garneau born 1811.

Second marriage about 1871 Theresa Corbine born 1849.  Two Joseph Gurnoe's are listed in 1839, age 43 and 23 in the list of Mixed blood Chippewa of Lake Superior, claimant for payment according to the Treaty of 1837.  Its possible this second marriage belongs to another Joseph?

Francis S. Gurnoe also Gournoe is born 1821 Bay Mills, Michigan living 1850-1854 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan.  Notification of acceptance for script is June 13, 1864.  He is living and received the script under No. 29C May 11, 1864 and applied the script, January 10, 1865, to N 1/2 of NW 1/4 section 21 township 45 range 2W Bayfield, Wisconsin range and range number 139, date of patent May 10, 1865.  Under Treaty No. 220 (7)-Francois Gurnoe according to Michigan treaty July 31, 1855 selected a land grant of S 1/2 of SW section 24, township 47 range 5W, Michigan.

Charles Gurnoe born Bay Mills, Michigan before 1833 of Chippewa mixed blood and living 1854 Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan was issued script under No. 96, August 25, 1864.  A Charles Gurnoe is baptized 1831 Detroit according to Theresa Schenck.

Jane Gurnoe is born 1826, La Pointe, Wisconsin.  Listed as unable to read or write she is living 1850-1854 Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan.  She married September 22, 1840, at Sault Ste Marie, Michigan a Chippewa Chief John Whiskey.   The issue of script to Jane under treaty No. 113 dated November 12, 1864.

Louis second marriage about 1824 to a (V)-Archange Cadotte alias Julia Nolan born 1798 is listed in 1854 treaty script No. 40 and No. 119 according to testimony of (7)-Joseph Gurnoe in 1870.  She is the daughter of (IV)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte born 1761 and Marie Janette Piquette (Saugemauqua) who died about 1850.  July 23, 1827 census of Townshiop St. Marie County Chippewa taken from Indian traders and licences at Sault Ste Marie lists Louis Gurno and wife with three children under twenty one years.  Theresa Schenck suggests, based on the Detroit baptismal records, that this marriage must have taken place about 1824.  The 1836 census supports this contention.

Mary (Lennet) J. Gornow also Gurnoe born 1823 Bay Mills, Michigan (before 1833) married before 1854 to Stafford living somewhere in Minnesota. Treaty of 1836 lists birth date as 1823.

John B. Gornow also Gurnoe, and Cournoe is born 1821-1822 (1829?) Sault Ste Marie, Michigan.  He is  living 1850-1854 Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, living and received script under No. 30, June 13, 1864, Bayfield, Wisconsin, married April 10, 1849 a Sophia (Sofa, Sophie) Bouc (Buck) born 1825 Minnesota, died April 1, 1900.  July 31, 1855, John Gurnoe, under Michigan Treaty No. 121, selected script land.  The land recorded as W of SW section 19, township 45 range 2 E is in  Michigan.  Marriage record suggests birth year as John 1821 and Sophia 1826.  Treaty of 1836 lists birth date as 1821.

Simon Gornow also Gurnoe born 1825-1827 Sault Ste Marie Michigan, unable to read or write, lived 1854 Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, issued script under No. 71C, August 25, 1864, and living Bayfield, Wisconsin, applied script, May 25, 1870, to W 1/2 of NW. 1/4 section 23 township 54N range 26W Saint Cloud, Minnesota range and range number 181, date of patent May 25, 1870 about 100 kilometers NW. St. Paul.  A Simon Gurnoe is baptized 1824 Detroit according to Theresa Schenck.  Treaty of 1836 lists birth date as 1825.

Edward Gornow also Gournor, Gornoe and Gournon is born 1827-1829 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan and living 1850-1854
Sault Ste Marie, Michigan.  A Edward Gurnoe is baptized 1831 Detroit according to Theresa Schenck.  Treaty of 1836 lists birth date as 1827

Arkanze (Archange) Gornow also Gournoe is born 1828-1830 Canada daughter (6)-Louis Gournoe and Archange Cadotte.  Archange is recorded as being unable to read or write.  She is living 1850-1854 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan.  Married November 28, 1850 at Sault Ste Marie a William Rolleau son Jean Baptiste Roleau and Mary Fagnan.  A Archange Gurnoe is baptized 1831 Detroit according to Theresa Schenck.  Treaty of 1836 lists birth as 1828.

Charlotte Gornow also Gurnoe is born 1830-1832 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan daughter Archange Cadotte.  She is living 1854 Superior City, Wisconsin, a second marriage(?) January 1, 1857 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan to a William Shaw born 1830.  She applied for script, October 24 and, December 16 1872, at Du Luth, Minnesota, applied script to SW of NW. 1/4 Section 6 NW NE 1/4 Section 7 Township 55 range 14, 80 acres.  Charlotte claimed a birth date of 1834 at her marriage.  Treaty of 1854 suggests she married before that time, making this a second marriage or that she is falsifying the records to obtain script. The treaty of 1836 lists birth date as 1830.

Elias Gornow, also Gornoe is born 1832-1833 Sault Ste Marie, Sault Ste Marie, Michigan daughter Archange Cadotte.  She is living 1850-1854 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan.   July 31, 1855, Eli Gurnoe under Michigan Treaty No. 122, selected land as E section 19, township 45 range 2 E, in Michigan.  Treaty of 1836 lists birth date as 1832.

Amelica (Amelia & Polly) Gornow also Gornoe is born 1835-1837 Sault Ste Marie, Sault Ste Marie, Michigan daughter Archange Cadotte.  She is living 1850-1854 Sault Ste Marie, Michigan.  Treaty of 1836 lists birth as 1835.

Lawrence Garneau, alias Gourneau and Gurnoe born 1840, Bay Mills (ten miles south East Sault Ste Marie), Michigan is the son of Archange Cadotte.  He  married about 1868, Red River, North West Territories to (IV)-Eleanor (Heline) Thomas, born 1851, an English (Scottish) speaking Metis of Swampy Village, Red River, North West Territories; census 1849, C-2170, census 1870, C-2170, St. Andre, P-191.  Lawrence is living Sault Ste Marie, Michigan 1850-1854 and departed Bayfield, Wisconsin 1859 for the interior.  Living St. Andre, Manitoba in 1870.

A second marriage occurred about 1912 in Edmonton or Saint Paul de Metis, Alberta to an Emily Hamlin, his Cree Metis housekeeper.

The American Congress enacted a law prohibiting foreigners, who did not become citizens, from engaging in Indian Trade.  The French controlled the trade, therefore the Government allowed interpreters and voyagers to be employed by American traders.

Alexander Andreievich Baranov, a Russian trader from Alaska built a trading fort on Kauai, Hawaii but they were driven off by the Hawaiians in 1817.

March 2:  The US declared war on Algers to stop pirate raids they say.

December 22:  Spanards executed Mexican revolutionary priest Jose Maria Morelos (1765-1815).

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