HALLMARKS OF ENGLISH SILVER
MAKER'S MARK IDENTIFICATION

WITH THE ADDITION OF SCOTTISH, IRISH, CHANNEL ISLANDS AND COLONIES SILVERMITHS
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BRITISH SILVERSMITHS - ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF MARKS: AF-AZ
ALPHABETICAL LISTING
OF SILVERSMITHS' NAMES		 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  [B] = BIRMINGHAM    [C] = Chester   [D] = DUBLIN  [E] = EDIMBURGH  [EX] = EXETER  [G] = GLASGOW    [L] = LONDON  [N] = NEWSCASTLE   
[S] = SHEFFIELD   [Y] = YORK
(lower-case letter denote smaller ones but they may be capital letters)
CLICK ON THE YELLOW NAME FOR MAKER'S MARK IMAGE and ON THE GREEN NAME FOR INFORMATION
AF (Andrew Fogelberg [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
AF (Alexander Field [ L ]) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
A.F (Alfred Fuller [ L ] ) 19th c.-2nd half
A.F into a rectangle (Arthur Fenwick [ B ][ C ]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
A.F over S.G (Andrew Fogelberg & Stephen Gilbert [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
A'star'G (Alexander Gardner [ E ]) 18th c./2nd half
AG under a fleur de lys (Andrew Goodwin [ D ]) mid 18th c.
AG & Co (Alex Graham & Co [E] ) 18th c./2nd half
AG & Co (Alexander Goodman, Gainsford & Co [S] ) end 18th c./beginning 19th c.
AG intertwined into an oval (Asprey & Garrard [ B ][ L ][ S ] ) end 20th c.
AGB into three conjoined circles (Adrian Gerald Benney [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
A.G.E (Anthony Elson [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
A.G.S (A G Sheppard Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
AGW (A G Whighton [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
AH into a chamfered rectangle (Alexander Henderson [ E ]) end 18th c.
AH in script (Alexander Henderson [ E ] ) beginning 19th c.
A.H (Alexander Hewat [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
A.H into an oval (Aaron Hatfield & Sons [ S ] ) entered April 1823
A.H into a rectangle (Aaron Hadfield or Ashforth & Harthorn [ S ] ) entered 1817 or 1826
A.H into an oval (Martin Bros & Co [ S ] ) entered May 1846
A.H and English pseudo-hallmarks (Anselm Hardy [Quebec - CANADA] ) 1853-1854.
A.H into an oval (Arthur Harris [ B ] ) entered 1897

AHD (Alfred Horatio Darby [ B ] ) 20th c./1nd half
A over HE over P (Hugh Arnett & Edward Pocock [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
A over HN into a heart (A Haviland-Nye [ L ] ) 20th c./2nd half
A over H.T into a reverse heart (Albert Henry Thompson [ S ] ) entered 1885
A over I.C over N into a quatrefoil (Ann Craig & John Neville - possibly- [ L ] ) London 1764
AJ in script into an indented oval outline (Alexander Johnston [ L ] ) entered 1748
A J into separate square (Albert Jackson [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.J.B. (A J Bailey or A J Bailey & Son [ B ] ) 20th c.
A.J.C (Alfred James Cheshire [ B ][ C ] ) 19th c./2nd half
AJD (Archibald John Douglas [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
A.J.P & Co Ld without contour (A J Pepper & Co Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
AJP over &CoLd into a shield (A J Pepper & Co Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
AJS (Alexander Strahan [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.J.S (Arthur Johnson Smith [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
AK (Abstainando King [ L ] ) entered 1791
AK (Adolph Philip Krieger [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.K (Alexander Kelsey [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half
AL (Anthony Lefebure [ D ] ) 18th c./1st half
AL under a star (Augustus Le Sage [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
A.L.D into a chamfered rectangle (A L Dennison: Aaron Lufkin Dennison) [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.L (Alexander Lucas [ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
A.L.D into an indented rectangle (A L Davenport Ltd -possibly- [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
A L D into an indented rectangle (A L Davenport Ltd [ B ]) 20th c./1st half
A L D into an oval (A L Davenport Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./2nd half
AL Ld (Adie & Lovekin Ltd [ B ][ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
A Ltd into two conjoned circles (A Ltd [ B ] ) 20th c./2nd half
A Ltd into an indented rectangle (Argentum Ltd [ S ] ) 20th c./2nd half
A ltd & Co into an indented rectangle (Asprey & Co Ltd [ C ] ) 20th c./1st half
AM (Alexander Macrae [ L ] ) 19th c./2nd half
AM (Alexander Mitchell [ G ] ) 19th c./1st half
A.M (Arthur Murphy [ D ] ) 19th c./1nd half
A.M. into a shield (Alfred Marston [B] [C] ) 20th c./1st half
A M &Co (A Marston & Co [ B ] ) 20th c.
A.M & Co (A. Marks & Co [ S ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.M & Co into an oblong chamfered shape (Alexander Murray & Co -possibly - [ E ] ) 19th c./2nd half
A M & Co into shield, circle and shield (A Marston & Co [ B ] ) entered 1930
AM&S (Alexander Mitchell & Son [ E ] ) 19th c./1st half
A.Mc.D (Alexander McDonald [ G ] ) mid 19th c.
AN into a shield (Ari D Norman [ L ] ) end 20th c.
AN&SLd(A Nicholls & Son Ltd [ B ] ) mid 20th c.
ANe conjoined (Anthony Nelme [ L ] ) end 17th c./beginning 18th c.
AOTLd inside a rectangle (Anglo-Orient Trading Co Ltd [ C ]) mid 20th c.
AP (Abraham Portal [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
AP and English pseudo-hallmarks (Amos Page [CANADA]) 1803-1905
AP without outline (Adolph Posener trading as Adolph Posener & Co [C][L]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
A.P (Abraham Peterson [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
A.P (Ann Payne [ L ] ) 19th c./1st half
AP&Co in script into an oval (Arthur Price & Co Ltd [L][B]) 20th c.
AP over FP into a shield (Tessiers Ltd: Arthur Martin Parsons & Frank Herbert Parsons [ L ] ) 20th c./1st half
AP over FP over AP into a rectangle (Pairpoint Bros: Alfred James, Francis William & Arthur Walter Pairpoint [ L ] ) entered 1909
AP into a shield (Arthur Price Ltd [ S ] ) 21th c.
A.P over P.P (Abraham Peterson & Peter Podie [ L ] ) 18th c./2nd half
AR conjoined into a clover (Manoah Rhodes & Sons Ltd: Ackroyd Rhodes [L][S] ) end 19th c.
AR (Ann Robertson [ N ] ) 19th c./1st half

A.R (Andrew Archer [ L ] ) 18th c./1st half
A.R (Alexander Richards [ D ] ) 18th c./2nd half
A.R (A Round [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
A.R (Alexander Ritchie [B] [C] [G]) 20th c./1st half
ARE (A R Emerson [ L ] ) mid 20th c.
AS (Alexander Saunders [L]) 18th c./2nd half
AS (Alexander Spence [E]) 19th c./1st half
AS (A Sterling [G]) 19th c./1st half
AS (August Cristoffel Schlosser [CAPE] ) 19th c./1st half
AS Alfred Spark [L] ) mid 19th c.
A S into circles (A Sydenham [B]) end 19th c.
AS (Arthur Staniforth [S]) end 19th c./beginning 20th c.
A S into two conjoined circles (Adolph Scott [S] ) entered 1904
AS into a shield (Argyll Silver [B]) 20th c./2nd half
A S into squares (A Smith [B]) 20th c./2nd half
A S into two exagons (Alexander Smith [B]) 20th c./2nd half
A.S (Arthur Sibley [L]) 19th c./2nd half
A.S (Albert Sydenham -possibly- [B] ) 20th c./1st half
A.S (Alexander Scott [S] ) 20th c./1st half
A.S (Adolph Scott [B] ) 20th c./2nd half
A.S into an oval (Arthur Worral Staniforth (possibly) [S] ) 20th c./1st half
AsGd over .Ld. into a shield (The Artificer's Guild Ltd [L]) entered 1906
AS over JS over AS (Adey,Joseph and Albert Savory [L]) 19th c./1st half
A.S.P.Co (Angora Silver Plate Co [B][S]) 20th c.
AT (Abraham Tuppy [D]) 18th c./2nd half
AT (Abraham Taylor [L]) end 18th c.
A.T (Alfred Taylor [B]) 19th c./2nd half
A.T into a lozenge (not identified [B]) 1912
A.T.&Co (Ainsworth, Taylor & Co [B]) end 19th c.
AT&S (A Taylor &a,p; Son [G]) end 19th c.
AT&Sn (A T & Son [L]) 20th c./2nd half
A.T.C (A T Cannon Ltd [B][S]) 20th c./2nd half
A.T.C into a shield (A T Cannon Ltd [B]) 20th c./2nd half
AU (Archibald Ure [E]) 18th c./1st half
A.V into an oval (Alfred Vernon [ C] [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
A.V into a lozenge (Alfred Vernon [ C]) 19th c./2nd half
AW (Andrew Wilkie [ E ]) 19th c./1st half
A.W into a shield (A Wilcox [B] ) 20th c./1st half
A.W.A. (A W Abrahams [ B ]) end 19th c./
A.W.F. (Albert William Fearearyear [ L ]) 20th c./1st half
AWK into an oval (not identified [ B ] ) 1896
A.W.P into a chamfered rectangle (Arthur Willmore Pennington [ B ]) entered 1901
AY into an oval (Alfred Yardley [ C] [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
A.Y into a rectangle (Albert Yewdall [ C]) beginning 20th c.
AZ (Alexander Zeigler [ E ]) 18th c./2nd half
A.Z.J.Z (Arthur Zimmerman & John Zimmerman [ L ]) 19th c./2nd half
aZ&j into a square (A & J Zimmerman Limited [ B ] ) 20th c./1st half
BRITISH TOWN MARKS AND DATE LETTERS
London town marks Birmingham town marks Dublin town marks Edinburgh town marks Sheffield town marks Exeter town marks
London Birmingham Dublin Edinburgh Sheffield Chester
The hallmarking of British silver is based on a combination of marks that makes possible the identification of the origin and the age of each piece. The marks are:

Town mark, corresponding to the mark of the Assay Office that has verified the piece
London town mark Sheffield town mark Birmingham town mark Newcastle town mark Dublin town mark Edimburgh town mark Glasgow town mark

Lion passant guardant or Britannia or lion's head erased, certifiying the silver quality
lion passant: 1598-1820 lion passant: after 1820 Britannia and lion's head erased: from 1697 to 1718
Maker's mark, identifying the silversmith presenting the piece to the assay office (usually the initials of Christian name and surname of the silversmith)

Date letter, in cycles of twenty letters of the alphabet of different shape identifies the year in which the piece was verified by the Assay Office
London date letter 'a'
A further mark was used in the period 1784 - 1890:
Sovereign head ('duty mark'), certifying the payment of the duty
Sovereign head: duty mark from 1784 to 1890
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