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urrvM^JuiV,
T"=^
PATRONYMICA
CORNU-BRITANNICA.
PATEONYMICA
COENU-BRITANNICA;
OB, THE
(^tptfkgj of Coritis^ Stirnames.
BY
RICHARD STEPHEN CHARNOCK, Ph.Db.,
/^./UA/^ .Ad^^^^j^^^^
Rowsa nebaz, ha rowsa da.
Cornish Provebb.
LONDON:
L-ONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYEX
1870.
PRINTED BT
€UABL£8 JONES, WEST HARDINO STBElir.
PREFACE.
The commencement of the 18th century beheld the
extinction, as a spoken language, of the Celtic dialect of
Cornwall.*
This dialect, which differs to a considerable extent from
that of Wales,t and is most nearly allied to that of Bretagne,
is now only to be found in a few manuscripts, the most
remarkable of which are of the 15 th century ; in the names
of Cornish localities ; and in the surnames borne by many
inhabitants of the county 4 The latter are especially valu-
able, inasmuch as they throw light on the names of places
* The introdiiction of the English Church Service paved the way for
the gradual decline of the Celtic dialeut of ComwalL In 1602 it was
going fast into disuse. In the early part of the last century the Cornish
was still spoken by the fishermen and market women near the extreme
South-Western point of the county. Cf. Carew and P. Cyc. Pryce tells
us, in the preface to his work (published 1790), that the Cornish was then
spoken at the extremity of the county ; and Pol whole (in 1806) adds,
that he did not believe that there then existed two people who could
. converse for any continuance in the Cornish, whether ancient or modem.
t Observe that the Cornish Jlogh means a boy ; guilhin, a &og ;
ffolvan, a sparrow ; ffuts, a sow ; louttem, a fox ; eroinoc, a lizard ; colh,
an old man ; conna, the neck ; abrana, the eyebrow ; ail, an angel ; steretif
a star ; while the "Welsh equivalents are bachgen ; Ih/ffant^ adar y to ;
hivch; eadnaw, llwynog ; madgall ; henafgwr, henwr ; gwddf; ael;
angel, cenad; aeren.
X Pryce gives the Lord's Prayer, Apostles* Creed, and Commandments
in the anjcient and modem Cornish ; and some proverbs, mottoes, rhymes,
songs, &c., in the modem vulgar Cornish.
VI PREFACE.
with which most of them are connected. There is no book
which treats fully and scientifically of Cornish Surnames.
The works of Pryce and Pol whele, however, contain the ety-
mology of many of them.* This information I have of course
made use of, and to considerable advantage. I have like-
wise consulted many other works, a list of which will be
found at the end of this Preface. I have lately been in-
formed that a work on Cornish Surnames is now coming
out in parts. To that I have not been at all indebted ;
indeed, the present volume has been in hand several years,
and was nearly ready for the press upwards of two years
ago.
r* The basis of a work like the present is of course a good
collection of names.f For one list I have to thank Miss
Hezt, sister of Mr. J. H. Hext, late of Gray's Inn. For
another list I am indebted to Mr. J. C. Hotten, the publisher.
I have, however, obtained the greatest part of the names
from the Post-Office Directory for Cornwall and from the
works of Pryce and Polwhele. The present volume con-
tains from 1200 to 1400 surnames. Many of these, though
they are often borne by distinct families, are merely different
versions of the same name ; while some of them are not
now in use, at any rate in their present form. Why there
should be so large a number of Cornish Surnames, and so
small a number of Welsh Surnames, I am at a loss to com-
prehend. Another curious fact is that so few of the latter
should be derived from geographical names.
In consequence of a resemblance between Cornish and
* Pryce, Archseol. Comu-Biitannica; Polwhele, History of Cornwall,
t Non-Celtic names preponderate in Cornwall; perhaps in the pro-
portion of 10 to 1.
PREFACE. VU
Welsh names, it is not always possible to distinguish between
them. Thus Trevor, Pennant, Penrice, Trahern, Gwyn,
Gwynn, Gwynne, Glynn, Winn, Morgan, are both Welsh
and Cornish names. It is Indeed often difficult to distin-
guish between Cornish, French, and Italian names : thus
Goss, Gosse, and Laity are found both as Cornish and
French names ; and Tripcony is by some considered to be
of Italian origin. Further, it by no means follows that,
because a similar name occurs out of Cornwall, although
fortified by a co-existing geographical name, it may not
be also of Cornish origin when found in Cornwall : thus
Landry is found both in Cornwall and France; but the
French name is without doubt corrupted from the ancient
Teutonic name Landericus. Lannion is the name of a place in
France, C6tes-du-Nord ; but the Cornubian surname Lanyon
is doubtless irom one of the places so named in the county.
Fenton is the name of places in the counties of Lincoln, Staf-
ford, and York ; the surname found in Cornwall may mean
a spring, fountain, well. The Cornish surname Anderton
signifies the oak hill ; but the Lancashire local name is of
quite different origin. These remarks apply to other than
geographical surnames : thus Derrick is without doubt
generally corrupted from the Teutonic name Theodoric ;
but the Cornubian name may mean a grave-digger : while
the Cornish Connor is etymologically different from the Irish
name, which is nearly equivalent to Biddulph, Botolph,
and the O. Norsk Bodulf.
In most cases, however, Cornish names are very easy of
identification. Carew wrote : —
By Tre, Pol, and Pen,
Tou shall know the Cornish men.
VUl PBEFACE.
Camden's rhyme is more comprehensiTe : —
By Tre, Bos, Pol, Lan, Caer, and Fen,
Ton may know most Cornish men.*
The names compounded of Tre^ Pen, Pol, Bo, Bos, Car,
Lan, and Nan are without doubt the most numerous*
Between 400 and 500 forms of surnames with the prefix Tre
are given in the present volume ; about 106 names occur
under Pen, None of the other prefixes will give 60 sur-
names. The least frequent is Nan, the names compounded
with which are under 30. f As it is quite clear that neither
of the above couplets of Carew and Camden is strictly accu-
rate, a friend proposes to substitute —
Tre, Pen, Pol, Bo,
Ros, Car, Lan, Nan,
Will make you know
The Cornish man.
I will also hazard the following : —
By Tre, Pol, and Pen,
'Tis said you know the Cornish men ;
Yet you may know a Cornish man
Sometimes by Bos, Car, Bo, Lan, Nan.
It is not always possible to explain the Celtic Surnames
of Cornwall by reference to the local dialect singly. Gilbert,
indeed, speaks of the necessity of consulting the kindred
British dialects for this purpose. Examples will be found
in the following pages.
* Bemaines concerning Britaine, p. 114. Lond., 1614.
t The calculation as to names compounded of Tre does not include
names compounded of J2«, Reny Fre^ which are corrupted from Tre, Tren,
The same remark is applicable to some names compounded of Car^ JPen,
Fol, Lan, Nan, Ro8, &c.
PBEFAGE. IX
A recognition of the principles according to which Cornish
Surnames have been usually formed will, however, furnish
a key to most of them. On this point something may be
gathered from Polwhele,* who, speaking of the tracts of
land around the castles of the ancient captains and princes
of Cornwall, says : — " These little territories, the demesne
lands of their several lords, were not divided into regular
farms till the Romans. But before the Romans they pro-
bably gave name to their possessors. And the first Cornish
families, deducing their names from their places, seem to
have been distinguished by the appellations pen and tre,'\
The pens, it is likely, were the more remarkable hill-
pastures; the tres, the agricultural spots or places. J lu
process of time each lordship was separated into various
farms, by strong and permanent enclosures ; and the farms
borrowed their respective names from their site on high
or low ground — their relative situations — their vicinity
to rivers and the sea — from the forma loci and its quali-
ties — from woods, and particular trees and other vege-
table productions — from their pasture and corn — from
native animals — from tame or domestic animals, and
from various circumstances which it would be tedious
to enumerate. These names they imparted (like the origi-
* Vol. i. b. i. ch. V. p. 166.
f " Camden says, * trCy pol, and pen ;* but ifpol mean a. pool, it must be
classed amongst names of places enclosed after the Roman arrival, and
can only be referred to husbandry or otherwise, as the syllable or
syllables in conjunction with it may direct." (Folwhele.)
X Richards (Welsh Diet.) says the ires in Cornwall were for the most
part only single houses, and the word subjoined only the name of a
Briton who was once the proprietor; thus Tref-Erbin, Tref-Annian,
Tref-Gerens, Tre-Lownydd.
X PREFACE.
nal lordships and maaors) to their different possessors or
occupiers."*
In illustration of what is here said by Polwhele, I give the
following : — Carminow, the little rock ; Carnsew, the black
rock ; Killigarth, the high grove ; Linkinhorne, the iron
church or enclosure ; Mulfra, the bare hill ; Nancarrow, the
deer's valley; Pengelley, the head of the grove; Penhale, the
head of the moor ; Folglase, the green pool ; Trefry, the
dwelling on a hill ; Tregonning, the dwelling on the
downs ; Trewinnick, the dwelling on the marsh ; Trewoofe,
the place frequented by blackbirds ; Tresize, the place for
corn.
In another part of his work Polwhelcj* says the names
of the most ancient families of Cornwall were taken from
their seats, as the names of sixch places existed long before
the appropriation of surnames. And in time the surname
adopted from the place of residence became an appropriated
name. Thus, the descendants of Drogo de Polwhele were
afterwards called by the name of Polwhele.
Carew^ tells us that John, the son of Thomas, living at
* The Po8t-Office Directory for Cornwall says, " The whole of East
Cornwall is full of English names [local ? — E. S. C], and nearly the whole
of the people are English, though some of the places haye the prefix tre.
In West Cornwall the places have mostly Cornish names, and the people
are chiefly of British origin, although much mixed with English.
There are 800 varieties of local names with the prefix tre; hut the
whole numher of places beginning with tre is much greater, for some
of the names are used yery frequently. Fen is given 150 times, and
Fol about 70. In East Cornwall, Tre, Fen, and Fol are often applied
with English and Norman names, and constitute the chief yestige of
Cornish connexion."
t Vol. ii. p. 43, note.
t Survey of Cornwall, 1602, p. 55,
PREFACE. XI
Pendarves, took the name of John Thomas Fendarves, and
that Richard, his younger brothev, assumed the name of
Richard Thomas Pendaryes ; and that Trengrove, living
at Nance, took the name of Nance, &c. &c.* A great
many Cornish Surnames were undoubtedly thus derived.
The reverse has, however, sometimes taken place ; the name
of the place having been first derived fi*om a snrname.f
Thus Lanhidroch signifies the church of St. Hidroch ; Nan-
julian, the valley of Julian ; Tredenham, Tredinham, the
dwelling of Denham or Dinham ; Trederrick, Trelander,
Treverbin, the dwelling of Derrick, Lander, and Erbin.
Some local surnames are derived from a man's occupa-
tion ; thus, Tresare signifies the woodman's or carpenter's
town; Tyzeer, Tyzzer, the house of the woodman ; Trengofl^
the smith's dwelling.
There are, of course, many Cornish Surnames not com-
pounded with the vocables tre,pol, &c., some, local, some other-
wise derived. Surnames are occasionally derived from occu-
pation or profession only, without reference to locality ; thus
Gove, a smith ; Angove (an-gove^ " the smith " (with which
compare the Welsh names Gofi*, Gough, and the Gaelic
Govan, Gowan); Anaer, Anear, Annear (a»-cwre), "the
goldsmith ;'' Bather, a coiner or banker; Marrack, a soldier,
horseman, or knight; Sayer, Soor, a woodman or car-
penter : whilst others are derived from qualities ; as Huth
and Worth, high ; Croom, crooked ; Vian, Veen, little ; Glass,
Glaze, green ; — from animals, as Grew, a crane ; Gist, Keast,
• Conf. Gilbert, vol. ii. p. 337.
t " In these latter days the case is reversed ; people impose their own
names ad libitum on their places of residence.'' {Foltohele, vol. ii.
p. 43, note.)
Xll PREFACE.
a dog ; — and also from trees and other circumstances ; as
Warn, Warne, an alder-tree ; Sparnon, Spernon, a thorn.
Again, other surnames are derived from baptismal names;
as Clemow, Clemmo, Clamo, Climo, Clyma, Clymo, from
Clement ; Colenso from Collins ; Faull from Paul ; Jaca,
Jacka, Jago, Jajo, from James ; Jose from Joseph ; Tubby
from Thomas, .^c.
For the better tracing the meaning of Cornish Surnames
and their connection with each other, it may be as well to
note the changes which certain vocables are liable to un-
dergo; thus tre^ a town, dwelling, gentleman's seat, may take
the form of trefy trev^ treg, trig, tren, trin, treniy tra, dra, dre,
fra, fre^ free, frea, ren^ renif re ; nan^ nance, nans, nantz*
signify a valley ; coit, coite, quoit, quite, god, goed, goda, cooae,
cois, cos, cSs, cooze, coys, cus, gds, Ms, goase (pi. cosow, cosows),
a wood; gun, gUn, gon, goon, guen, won, woon, a down or
common ; ford; for, vor, forth, a way ; ent/s, ynez, ince, a
peninsula made by a river or the sea ; wiggan, wigan, bighan,
biggan, briggan, brigh, bean, vian, vean, little ; bo, bod, bot,
bos, bus, bes, bis, a house ; ros, rose, res, a valley; cum, cwm,
cuum, com, coomb, a valley; ti, ty, te, de, chy, dzhy, tshyi, tshei,
a house ; tron, dron, traan, train, truyn, trevan, trewyn, a nose,
promontory, or headland ; arth, ard, varth, warth, worth, high ;
melin, mellan, vellan, vellen, fellen, a mill ; meas, mes, maes,
mez, mez, meys, ves, vez, vease, a meadow, open field ; vidhin,
vidn, vethan, vythyn, bidhin, bidn, meaddan, a meadow; pen,
pedn, fedn, ben, bedn, the head, end ; pen, pedn, bin, ben,
bedn, a hill ; denich, thenick, hilly ; hdl, hale, a moor ; kit,
kill, killi, killy, gilly, gelly, a grove ; les, lis, a court, hall ;
* See also the name Lanhadem, which is thought to be for Lansladron,
for Nansladron.
PREFACE. Xm
ban, van, vaddn, vadna, a hill or mountain, also high ; vy, gy,
gwtfy wy, a river ; car, kar, ker, a rock; carak, carriky rocky;
liy ISy lehy lUj a place; maeny a stone (pi. vyin, vyyn); gwyn,
guiUy gtvydn, gutduj wiuy widuy white ; theUy deu, dhUy 8eWy
su€y zeUy black ; waVy var, uar, ror, wor, uoVy very goVy ar, «r,
upon ; veovy ver, mer, meery meaVy merey movy great ; tony tSn,
todny lay ground, perhaps also a hill ; maty maZy vaty voz,
good ; teg, theky fair ; her, ver, short ; bedhy bethy vethy a
grave ; ry»«, rin, i. q. rtian, the channel of a river ; trigy
treger (pi. tregerwn)y an inhabitant. The termination ick
is sometimes for guiky a village ; at other times it means
a stream ; but it is also used adjectivelj, as deny a hill ;
denn-icky thenn-icky hilly. The letters d and dh ; g and h ;
g and u; k and h ; and k and^, are liable to permutation.
In the formation of names, the adjective usually stands
last : thus, Tresevean, the little town ; Tremeer, Tremor,
the great dwelling ; Trevarthian, the high dwelling.
In treating of surnames geographically derived, it might
have been thought sufficient simply to refer to the place
whence the surnames have been taken. It however struck
me that it would greatly increase the value of this work
if the etymology of these geographical names were also
given.
At the end of the work I have added some Cornish forms
of Baptismal Names.
The Cornish motto in the title-page signifies, *' Say little,
and say well.*'
R. S. CHARNOCK.
G&at's Inn,
April, 1870.
LIST OF WOEKS CONSULTED.
BoRLASE : Antiquities, Hifitorical and Monumental, of the
County of Cornwall; with a Vocabulary of the Comu-British
Language. By William Borlase. 2nd ed., fo., 1769.
Brayley and Britton : Topographical and Historical Descrip-
tion of Cornwall. 8vo, 1806.
Cahpen : History of Cornwall, Devon, and Dorset ; with the
Lord*s Prayer and Creed in Ancient Cornish. Fo., 1695.
Camden : Remaines concerning Britaine. Lond., 1614.
Carew's Survey of Cornwall, with Notes illustrative of its
History and Antiquities, by the late Thomas Tonkin ; now first
published from the original manuscripts, by Lord de Dunstan-
ville. 4to, 1811.
Cooke : Topographical Survey of Cornwall and Devon, with
their Antiquities, Curiosities, Natural History, &c. By G. A.
Cooke. Fcp. 8vo.
De la Beghe : Survey of Cornwall. By Sir H. de la Beche.
Gilbert : An Historical Survey of the County of Cornwall,
to which is added a complete Heraldry of the same. By C. S.
Gilbert. 3 vols., Plymouth Dock, roy. 4to, 1817-20.
Gilbert : The Parochial History of Cornwall, founded on
the Histories of Hals and Tonkin, with Additions and various
Appendices. By Davies Gilbert. 4 vols., Lond., 8vo, 1838.
Halliwell : Rambles in Western Cornwall, by the Footsteps
of the Giants ; with Notes on the Celtic Remains of the Land's
End District and the Island of Scilly. By James Orchard
Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. Fcp.* 4to, 1861.
HiTCHiNS : The History of Cornwall from the Earliest Records
and Traditions to the Present Time. By Fortescue Hitchins and
S. Drew. 2 vols., Helstone, 4to, 1824.
XVI WORKS CONSULTED.
Leland : De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea. By John Leland.
Lond., 8vo, 1774.
Lysons : Topographical and Historical Account of Cornwall,
its Ancient Inhabitants, Historical Events, Nobility and Gentry,
Extinct Families, Customs and Superstitions, &c. By the Rev.
Daniel Samuel Lysons. Roy. 4to, 1814. (Magna Britannia,
vol. jii.)
Paris : Guide to Mount's Bay aad Land's End ; with the
Topography, Antiquities, and Geology of Western Cornwall ; with
Specimens of the Cornish Dialect. By Dr. Paris. 8vo, 1828.
Pollen : Description of Cornish Men and Manners.
POLWHELE : The History of Cornwall. By Richard Polwhele.
Lond., 4to, 1816.
Pryge : ArchsBologia Cornu-Britannica ; or, an Essay to pre-
serve the Ancient Cornish Language ; containing the Rudiments
of. that Dialect, in a Cornish Grammar and Cornish-English
Vocabulary. By William Pryce, M.D. Sherborne, 4to, 1790.
Shirley : The Noble and Gentle Men of England ; or, Notes
touching the Arms and Descents of the Ancient Knightly and
Gentle Houses of England. By Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq.,
M.A., F.S.A., &c. Westminster, 4to, 1859.
Stockdale: Excursions through Cornwall, comprising an
Historical and Topographical Delineation of the Towns and
Villages, Antiquities, &c. By F. W. L. Stockdale. 8vo, 1824.
Topographical and Historical Description of Cornwall, with a
Map of the County and each Hundred, and thirteen Views, &c.
&c. Lond., 4to, 1728. (Spec. Brit. Pars.)
Warner : Tour through Cornwall. 8vo, 1808.
Whitaker : A Supplement to the First and Second Books of
the History of Cornwall by John B. D. Whitaker. [By R,
Polwhele.] Lond. and Exeter, 4to, 1804.
PATRONYMICA
CORNU-BRITANNICA.
ACHYM. A family of great antiquity in Cornwall.
The name is said to mean a descendant, issue, offspring, or
progeny {ach), Acham appears to be the same name.
ALSTON. From als-toriy the hill by the sea-shore.
ANAER, ANEAR, ANNEAR. From an-eure, the
goldsmith.
ANDERTON. From Anderton, in Launcells ; from
an-dar-ton, the oak hill. The non-Cornish name Anderton
is from Anderton, a township and estate in co. Lancaster,
formerly in the possession of the family.
Af^DREWARTHA. From an-dre-varth, the higher
town.
ANEAR. See Anaeb.
ANGEAR. From an^eare, the green or fruitfnl place.
Cf. Tregare.
ANGARRACK. From an-camcky the rock.
ANGILLOY. From an-kelli, the grove ; or an^gillyy
the wood or grove of hazels.
u
2 PATRONYMICA
ANGOVE, ANGOWE, ANGROVE. From an-gove,
the smith. The family appear to have descended from
Reginald An-gove, of Illogan, in Penwith, who assumed
the name in memory of his ancestor, by trade a smith.
"And of this sort of surname in England/' says Hals,
" thus speaks Verstegan :
From whence came smith, all be it knight or squire ?
But from the smith that forgeth in the fire." (Hals.)
ANGWIN. From an-gwyn, the white (man). An-win
would signify the marsh or fenny place.
ANNEAR. See Anaeb.
ANTRON. From Antron, in the parish of Sithney ;
from an-tron, the promontory or headland.
ARGALL, There are however three places in France
named Argol ; and Lower thinks Argall may possibly be from
Ercall, a parish in Shropshire. As a Cornish name Argall
may be from ar-gual, above the wall or fence.
ARWENNACK, ARWIXNICK, ARWINIKE. From
the barton and manor of Arwinick. Hals gives an absurd
etymology. The name is from ar'Wmick, upon the marsh.
B.
BAKE. From an estate of the same name in St. Germans,
now or late in the possession of the Moyle family. Pryce
renders Bake " the beak or stretching out."
B ALHATCHET. Said from bal, a parcel of tin works ;
from valas, to dig. Gilbert gives the local name Ballachize,
but he is probably speaking of Ireland.
CORNU-BRITANNIOA. 3
BANDRY. From ban-dre, the high dwelling ; or 6an-
dreath^ the high gravel.
BARAGWANATH, BARAGWANETH. Pryce ren-
ders bara-gwanath wheaten bread ; but the name is rather
from bar-gwanath, the top of the wheat (field ?).
BARGUS, BURGUS. From Bargus in Perran
Arwathal ; from bargus^ the top of the wood. Hals says
St. Issey was taxed either under the jurisdiction of Polton
or Burge, now Burgus, i, e. Turris.
BARICOAT. This name may be from Bary Court, in
Jacobstow ; from bar-Ucoat^ over the wood.
BARNACOTT, BARNECOAT, BARNECOTT,
BARNICOAT, BARNICOTT. From barna-cot, the barn
cot.
BARSOU. From bar-seu, the black top or summit.
Pryce gives Bursue as the name of a village.
BASTARD, found BASTARDE. This name may not
always refer to illegitimacy ; viz., from bast-ard, base-
descended. The Cornwall Directory contains as many
persons of this name as do the London Directories. There is
indeed a place called Bastard near St. Genny's, the last
syllable of which may be from arth, ardy high.
BASWEDNACK. From the manor of Baswedneck, in
Zennar ; from bos-gwyda-ack, the white house. Pryce
renders To-wedn-ack, Ty-widn-ick, the white dwelling near
a port.
BATH. When of Cornish origin, perhaps from bedh,
beth, a grove. There is a place called Bath Pool.
BATHER. Lower renders this name the keeper of a
bath ; Ferguson, a baptiser ; from A. S. bcezere, bezei^a,
from bcedf bcetJi, a bath. As a Cornish name, it may be
B 2
4 PATRONYMICA
from bather, bathor, a coiner, banker, exchanger of money ;
from bdth, a coin.
BATTEN, BATTIN, BATTING. From Battin or
Batten, an estate in the parish of North Hill ; from pedn,
bedUf a hill, head.
BAUDEN, BAWDEN. Pryce renders Bowden, Baw-
den, a sorry fellow, bad man, nasty place. There is a
place called Bawden in Duloe ; and there is Bawdens in
Gwennap. Vawden, Voaden, and sometimes Bowden and
Boaden, may be the same name.
BAWDRY. From bow-dry, the bad or nasty dwelling ;
but the last syllable may be from dreatk, draith, gravel,
sand. Baudree was the name of a French Protestant
family, and would seem to be from Baldric.
BEANBULK. ¥vom pen-buch, the cow's head (probably
local).
BEDACK or BESSAKE. From the manor of Bedocke
or Bessake in Ladoch ; from bez-ack, the birch-tree place
(bedhoy bezo, a birch-tree).
BEDDOE, BEDDOW. This name seems to be from
Bezo, anc. Bedou, in St. Peran Arwithel ; from bedho, bezo,
a birch-tree. Of. the Welsh name Beddoes, from bedw, a
birch -tree.
BEHANNA, BEHENNA. See Bohenna.
BELITHO. See Bolitho.
BEMROSE. Another orthography of Penrose, q. v.
BENALECK,BENALLACK, BENALLICK, BENEL-
LICK, BENNALACK, BENNELLICK, BENNAL-
LACK, BONALLECK (U. S. Bennellick). From Benal-
leck, in Constantine or Constenton, formerly Banathlek,
Bennathlick ; from benathal-ick, a place of broom.
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 5
BENNET, BENNY. See Pen.
BESSAKE. See Bedack.
BESWARICE. From hoa-war-icky the house upon the
rivulet.
BESWETHERICK. From bos-hither-ick, the house by
»
the meadow place, or the house in the meadow bj the
creek. There is however a place in Constantine called
Boswathick. From Boswetherick we may have by corrup-
tion Bosmetherick.
BEVETTO. From ho-vethy the dwelling by the grave ;
OT^bo-verth, the green-house. Pryce renders Trevetho, in
Lelant, the town of graves.
BE WES. From Mab or Ap-Hughes, son of Hughes.
Cf. the Welsh name Bew, from Ap-hugh.
BICE. See Bose.
BICTON. From a manor in St. Eve held by the family
in Norman times. {Gilbert.) The name, if of Cornish origiu,
may mean village on the hill, or the little enclosure.
BIDDICK. From bidn, vidn-icky the meadow place.
Fiddick, Fidick, Viddicks, are different orthographies of
the same name.
BISCOE, BISCOW. From boscrou, the dwelling by
the cross ; or the same as Pasco, q, v.
BISSICKS. Most probably from Bissick, near Truro ;
from bez'icky the place for birch-trees.
BLAMEY. From blaidh^meZy the wolfs meadow ; or
pleHi^meZy the parish meadow.
BLEKENNOCK. " Turris Blekennok ab antiquo prope
Lastydyall nuper Uugonis Cwtenay" is found in William of
Worcester's Itinerary. The name may be from pleH-gonocky
the downy parish ; or from le-gonnocy the downy place.
6 PATRONTMICA
BLETSHO. From hleiUtshei, the dwelling of the wolf ;
or hledzhan, a flower-blossom. A correspondent suggests that
the name may have been corrupted from that of Bolitho.
BOADEN. See Bawden.
BOAS, BOAZ. See Vose.
BOCARNE. From Bocarne in Bodmin, which Hals
renders cows, kine, cattle, and white spar-stones, com-
paratively rocks ! but the name is rather from bo-came, the
dwelling on or by the rocks ; Boscarne would seem to be
the same name.
BOCHYM. "At the time of Domesday (1087) the
district of Cury or Curye was taxed under the jurisdiction
of Biichent, now Bochym, i. e. the cow, kine, or cattle
house or lodge, which place gave name and origin to an old
family of gentlemen, surnamed de Bochym, temp. Henry VIII.,
who were lords of this manor and barton, till such time as
John Bochym, tem. Edward VI., entered into actual rebellion
against that prince. . . . The arms of Bochym
were. Argent, on a chief Sable, three mullets pierced of the
Field " (Hals), Prycc also renders the local name Bochim,
the oxen-house. It may also be derived from bO'Cheim, the
house on the ridge of the hill or promontory. Cf. Trekein
in Creed, the dwelling on the ridge,
BOCONNOCK. From Boconnoc in West hundred.
Hals says, " For the compound name Boconnoc, it is taken
from the barton and manor of land still extant there, with
reference to the beasts that depastured thereon, and signifies
prosperous, successful, thriving, cows, kine, or cattle" ! Tonkin
says Bo-con-oke is Gaulish-Saxon, and signifies the town or
village of Stunt Oke. The nam© is rather from bo-gonocky
the downy place.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 7
BOCUNYAN, From Bocunyan, in Helland ; from
ho-giin^any the house on the down.
BODANAN. From Bodanan, in St, Teath ; from had-
Mn-an, the summer dwelling.
BODCARME. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert in
a list of. members of Parliament who have represented
Bodmin. From, bod-cam, the dwelling on the high rock.
BODCUIKE. From bod^quick, the house by the bay or
creek.
BODDEY, BODDY. See Body.
BODDINAR. See Bodinnar.
BODECASTLE. From Boscastle, near Launceston.
See Boscastle.
BODELSGATE. An ancient name. It may come from
bod-als-coit, the dwelling on a cliff by the wood ; or bod'-alz*
coit, the dwelling on the woody ascent.
BODENICK, BODENCK. From Bodenick in Lante-
glos juxta Fowey, the same as Leland's Bodenek and
Bodennck. Pryce gives Bo-dinick, the dwelling by the
river ; but denicky thenick, means hilly ; Cf. Tredenick,
Trewarthenick, &c.
BODEWORGY. From Bodeworgy, in St. Columb
Major ; from bod-wor-gy, the house above the river. (I
have been favoured with this name, but I am not aware
whether it is found as a surname.)
BODGENER. From bod-giin, the dwelling on the
down. But see Tregenno.
«
BODILY, BODILLY. From Bodily Veor (great), or
Bodilly Vean (little), in the parish of Gwendron, in Kerry er
hundred ; from hod'egliz, the house by the church. Bod^yhf,
would signify the house of cure.
8 PATKONYMICA
BODINEL, BODINIEL. From an estate in Bodm.
anciently possessed hj this family ; the first part of the
name is from bo, hod, a dwelling, and the last part is doubt-
less that of the owner. C. S. Gilbert writes the name
Bodiniel.
BODINNAR, BODDINAR, BORDINNER. From
bo-din-ardy the dwelling upon the high hill.
BODKIN. Lower says, **a younger son of the Fitz-
g«ralds of Desmond and Kildare settled in Connaught in
the thirteenth century, and obtained, as was not then
uncommon, a sobriquet which usurped the place of a sur-
name, and so was handed down. This was Bawdekin,
probably from his having affected to dress in the costly
material of silk and tissue of gold, so popular in that age
under the name of haudkin, (See HalliwelL) The Bod-
kins still use the * Crom-a-boo ' motto of the Fitzgeralds."
Ferguson seems to think Bodkin a diminutive from A. S.
hoda, a messenger. It may also come from body 'kin, which
would signify a little man ; but the name is possibly of
Cornish origin ; from bod-kyn, the head abode or house ; or
hod-keiuy the house on the promontory.
BODLEAT. From Castle Bodleet, mentioned in William
of Worcester's Itinerary ; from root of Boleit, q, v.
BODMAN, BODMIN. From Bodmin in Trigg hundred
(which Tanner, Not. Monas. writes Bodmin or Bodmanna) ;
from bod-mtn, the stone dwellings. Tonkin renders Bod-
min, Bodman, a priest or preacher (bode man). .
BODMER. From bod-mer, the great house.
BODREGAN, BODRIGAN, BODRIGHAM, BOD-
RUGAN, BODRUGON. From Bodrigan or Bodrugan,
an estate in Gorran, where the family resided temp.
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 9
Edward I. Pryce translates Bodrugan the ** oak downs **
{ho'dru'gany bo-dara-gun). Gilbert says, the barton of Bo-
drig-han or Bod-rig-an, also Botrigan in Goran, gave name
and original to an old family of gentlemen surnamed
de Bodrigham or Bodrigan, also Botrigan, who flourished
here in great fame wealth and reputation for several
descents ; and in particular there lived Otho de Bodrigan,
temp. 17 Edward 11. Polwhele renders Boddrugan the
druid's house (bod-dru-den). Hence perhaps the surname
Brodrigan.
BODY. From hod-wy^ the dwelling by the water. This
name however may sometimes be the same with the Anglo-
Saxon Boda ; from hoda, 0. N. hodiy a messenger. Qy. the
names Boddy, Boddey.
BODYMELL. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert in
a list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. Qu.
from bod'7nel, the dwelling of honey ; or bod'Veal, the
calves' house. There is a place called Bodivial in Crowan.
BOGER. From bo-geare, the green or flourishlDg
dwelling.
BOGGAN, BOGGANS, BOGGON. From bo-giln, the
dwelling on the down. Hence the name Vogan.
BOGGAS, BOGGIS. From bo^-gasa, the dirty dwelling ;
or bo-gas, the house of trouble. There is a place called
Boga in Lanreath.
BOHAY. See Bowhay.
BOHELLAND. Perhaps the dwelling of Helland, q. v. ;
or from bo-hellan, the habitation among the elms. There is
Bohelland Farm in Gluvias, which has excited much
curiosity for two centuries as being the scene of a dreadful
murder related in D. Gilbert, ii. 100.
10 PATEONYMICA
BOHENNA, BOHENHA, BEHENNA, BEHANNA.
From bo'hean, the old house. Hedn also signifies a bay,
port, or ha^en.
BOISRAGON. From bos-ar-gun, the dwelling on the
plain or down.
BOKELLY. From Bokellj in St. Kew, formerly the d wel-
ling of the Carnsews ; from bo-kdli/, the house in the grove.
BOKIDDICK. From a village of the same name in
Lanivet parish ; from bo-kidiorchy the dwelling of the
roebuck ; or bo-coid-ick, the house in the woody place.
BOLAND. See Bolland.
BOLASE. From bo-glase^ the green dwelling ; or a
corruption of Borlase, q. v.
BOLEIT, BOLLEIT. From bo4ait, the milk cot or
dairy. But see Bolitho.
BOLIGH. A family that possessed property in Lan-
salloes. The name is from bo-helUk, the dwelling by the
willows ; or it may be the same name as Boleit, q, v,
BOLITHA. Perhaps from Bolotha in Kea ; from root
of Bolitho, q, v.
BOLITHO, BOLYTHO. From Bolitho, a hill in
Crowan ; from bol-tthig, the great belly {i. e. the great hill).
Polito, PoUitto, Belitho are most probably the same
name ; and Bolitha may be from the same root.
BOLLAND, BOLAND. From polan, a pool or standing
water. Pryce gives BuUand, BuUen, Pollan, clay enclo-
sure ; nom. fam. {bol-lan). BoUen, Bullun, Pollen, Poland,
Polund may be the same name,
BOLLEIT. See Boleit.
BOLLEN. See Bolland.
BOLYTHO. See Bolitho.
CORNU-BEITANNIC A. 1 1
BONADY. From hon^uy^ the house of God ; or fton-
deWy the black dwelling. Hence perhaps the surname
Boundy,
BONAFORD. From ho^n-vordh, the dwelling on the
way or road.
BONALLECK. See Benalleck.
BONE. From Bone in Madron ; from bo'hdn, the
summer house.
BONEALVY. From ho'ti-hdUvy, the house on the hill
or moor by the river. "It occurs as a local name in an
abstract from the Augmentation Office relating to the
Priory of Launceston." D. Gilbert, ii. 430.
BONETTO. From root of Bonithon, q. v.; or from
bon-ithtg, the great belly (i. e» the great hill).
BONIFANT. This name may mean the dwelling at the
source or fountain (boWt/'font\ or the dwelling in the
bottom or valley (Armor, font, a bottom).
BONITHAN, BONITHON, BONYTHON. From
Bonithon or Bonythou, now Bonithin, an estate in the
parish of Cury ; from hoWy-thon, the furzy dwelling.
BONTHRON. From ho'n-i-tron, the dwelling on the
promontory or headland.
BONYTHON. See Bonithon.
BONYTHORN. A corruption of Bonthron, q. v.
BORASTON. From hora's-ton, the boar's hill; or
Bora^s-doUy the hill of Bora.
BORDEN. From bor-den, the fat, t. e, fruitful, hill.
BORDENY. From Bordeney Abbey in St. Cleather ;
from bor-den-y, the fruitful hill by the river.
BORDINNER. See Bodinnar.
BORLASE, BORLAS. From Borkse, in the parish of
12 PATRONTMICA
St. WeDn ; from hur^gldse, the green summit or top. Hence
the names Burlas and Bur lace.
BORMAS. From bor-mas, the fat or fruitful meadow.
BORTHY (DE). From Borthy, one of the names under
which S. Enodor was taxed in Domesdaj. ''One Ralph
de Borthy held in Dinbegh in Pidre, in 3 Henry IV., by the
tenure of knight service, a small knight's fee." {Carew.)
The name is from bar-thew, the black bunch or rising
ground ; or hor-thewyy the rising ground by the water.
There is a place called Bortho in Crowan. " Berthy is still
the yoke lands of a manor pertaining to Penrose, now
Boscawen and others." (Hals,)
BOSANKO, BOSANKOE, BOSANQUET, BOSAN-
QUETT. From bos-aneou, the house of grief or sorrow.
Lower suggests that this name is of French origin. He
says, ''Pierre Bosanquet, of Lunel in Languedoc, at the
period of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, had seven
children, two of whom, John and David, sought refuge in
England, and from the latter the various English branches
are descended. The name is local, and was formerly
prefixed with Z)e." This may be so, and still the family
may have been originally from Cornwall.
BOSAVERN, BOSAVERNE, BOSSA VERNE. From
boS'Wern, warne, the house by the alder-tree.
BOSCASTEL, BOSCASTLE. From Boscastle in
Lesnewth. " The manor and honour of Bottreaux Castle,
now called Boscastle, was the chief seat of the baronial
family of De Bottreaux, until its extinction in the male
line." (C. S. Gilbert.) But see Botreaux.
BOSCATHNOE. From bos-codna, the house on the
neck or promontory.
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 13
BOSCAWAN, BOSCAWEN, BOSCOAN. From an
estate called Boscaweorose in Barian ; from bO'Sccuven-'rose,
the house in the yallej of elders. Busscowen would seem
to be the same name.
BOSCREEGE, BUSCREEGE. From bos-creeg, the
dwelling by the creek ; or bos^cryky the dwelling by the
barrow or hillock.
BOSCUMB. See Buscomb.
BOSENCE. From Bosence in St. Earth ; from bo-sents,
the saints dwelling.
BOSEUSE. Probably from Bowsawsen. D. Gilbert
and others render Tresawsen or B.osawsen, in Ferranzabuloe|
" the house of the Saxon, or the English town or dwelling."
{Zawsen, olim Sausen and Sawsnecky an Englishman.)
BOSHER. Lower thinks Bosher may be the same as
the Norman Bourchier. If of Cornish origin, the name may
be from vos-hir, the long ditch, entrenchment, wall, or
fortification. Trevosher or Trevosa is the name of two
places in St. Petherwin.
BOSINNEY. From root of Bosithney, q. v.
BOSISTO, BOSISTOW, BOSSISTOW, BOSUSTOW.
From the village of Bosistow, in St. Levan ; from bo^stoc,
the house near the stock of a tree.
BOSITHNEY. From Bossiney, Bosithney, Bosythny,
alias Tintagel ; from bo^sethe, the house in the bishop's see.
(Sithuey is the name of a parish in Kerrier hundred.) I do
not find this surname, but have been favoured with it. See
also Tresithnet.
BOSKEA. From bos-kea, the enclosed dwelling ; or
bos-khy the dwelling enclosed with a hedge.
BOSKEDNAN. From Boskednan, which Borlase
14 PATRONTMICA
mentions as one of four circles in Penrith hundred, having
nineteen stones each ; from bos-cod na, the house hj the
promontory (codna, neck).
BOSKENNA. From Boskenna in Burian, which Pryce
renders the house upon an ascent. Bos-kein would mean
the dwelling on the ridge of a hill or promontory.
BOSMETHERICK. See Beswetherick.
BOSPER. See Vosper.
BOSAWSEN. D. Gilbert gives the local name
Tresawsen, alias Bosawsen, in Perranzabuloe ; which he
renders " the English town or dwelling."
BOSCARNE. See Bocarne.
BOSPIDNICK. From hos-pedn-ick^ the house at the
head of the creek (ick) ; or fropi Baswedneck or Boswed-
nack ; the dwelling of St. Wednack or Wynnock. Cf.
the local name Laiidewednack, signifying the church of
St. Wednack. Pryce however renders the local name
Towednack, Tywidnick, the white roof, white dwelling
near a port.
BOSSAVERNE. See Bosavern.
BOSSISTOW. See Bosisto.
BOSSOWSACK. From Bossawsack in Constenton ;
from boS'Saivsackf the healthy dwelling ; or perhaps rather
from ho-sawsneck, the dwelling of the Englishman.
BOSUSTO. See Bosisto.
BOSVARTHICK, BOSWARTHICK. From Bos-
wathick in Constantino ; from bos-warth'tck, the house or
dwelling in the high place.
BOSVEAL. See Busveal.
BOSVIGO. From Bosvigo in Kenwyn ; from bos-gutky
the dwelling in a bay or creek.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 15
BOSWARTHA. From hos-warth, the high house ; or
boS'Wartha, the higher house. There is a place called
Boswarthen in Madron.
BOSWARTHICK. See Bosvarthick.
BOSWARVA. From Boswarva in Madron ; from
bos-wavas, the winterly dwelling ; from gudv, gwaf, winter,
BOSWAYDEL. From Boswaydel or Boswidle (in
Ladock), which Tonkin renders " a house in an open place,
or one easy to be seen." But the name means rather " the
house in the woody place " (W. gwyddle).
BOSWELLICK. From the manor of Boswellick, which
Tonkin translates " the house by the mill river " (hos-meU
tck),
BOTADON. From hod-din, the dwelling on the fortified
hill, or on the steep hill.
BOTALLACK. From Botallock in St. Just, near
Penzance ; from bo-tall-ack, -ick, -ock, the highly situated
dwelling.
BOTHERAS. From bod-thres, the barren dwelling.
BOTREAUX, BOTREUX, BOTTREUX, BOT-
TREAUX, BOTTERELL, BOTTERILL, BOTTRALL,
BOTTRELL. Lower says William de Botreux held great
possessions in Cornwall temp. Henry I., the chief of which
was Botreux's Castle ; by contraction, Boscastle ; and that
the family were Norman, and doubtless came fi'om Les
Bottereaux, near Evreux. Others derive the name from
bo'treaux, the castle on the sea, or the castle on the water.
As a Cornish-French compound (bod-ar-eaux), the name
would translate " the dwelling upon the waters." Botterell,
Bottrall, Bottrell, and Botterill, may be the same name, or
from the same root.
16 PATEONYMICA
BOUNDY. See Bonadt.
BOWDEN. See Bawden.
BOWHAY, BOHAY. From ho-hay, the enclosed
dwelling. Cf« the local names Bowijack, Bowithiek, and
Bowjheer.
BllABYN. From bray-bighan^ the little hill. There is
a place called Brabins in Lanreath.
BRAIMER, BRAMER. From hray-mer, the great
hill.
BRANNELL. From the manor of Brannel (St.
Stephen's) in Powder, which Tonkin considers to be the
Bernel of Domesday. Whitaker says ** the name Bernel,
Beranel, Brannel speaks its royal relationship at once ;
hrenhin or hrennin in Welsh being a king ; brennyn, brein^
brtnn in Cornish royal ; Bran being the Welsh name for
the famous Brenhind, and consequently brennol in Cornish
signifying kingly or royal." The name however may be
the same with the O. G. name Bernal.
BRAY, BREE. Some families of this name are from an
estate in the parish of St. Just, near Penzance. Hals says,
** Bray gave name and origin to an old family of gentlemen
surnamed De Bray, who held in this place two parts of a
knight's fee of land, 3 Henry lY. I take the Lord Bray
of Hampshire to be descended from this family." Pryce
gives Bray^ Bre^ Brta^ the hill; nom. fam.; and De Braye
and Bree are doubtless the same name. Bray is the appel*
lation of places in Alternun and Morval ; and there is
Brea in Illogan, and Bray's Tenement in Laiidulph.
BREEN. From hryn^ a hill. Preen may be the same
name.
BRENDON, BRENTON. From an estate in St.
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 17
Dominick possessed bj the family in earlj times ; from
bran-don, crow's hill. Hals mentions a Henry Brenton of
St. Wenn, weaver, who died temp. George I., 103 years of
age.
BRICE. See Prick.
BROCKHILL. From brock-hill, badger's hill. Pryce
gives " Brockhill, Brocks, Brocka, badger's hill. Nom.
fam." There is a place called Brockel in South Pether-
win.
BRODRIGAN. See Bodregan.
BROS, BROWSE, BRUSH. From brds, great, hodie
braos, brawse.
BRYDON. From bry-don, the clay hill. "Brydon,
Prydon, clay hill. Nom, fam,^^ (Pryce.) Cf. Prye.
BUCKTHOUGHT. From buch-tor, the cows' hill.
BUDOCK, BUDOK. From Budock in Kerrier hun-
dred, in Domesday Bowidoc ; according to Hals, " from
bud^ a bay, cove, creek, haven, or inlet of waters; and oak,
according to the ancient natural circumstances of the
place." Pryce renders Budock, Bythick, oak haven; or
the border or skirt of the harbour. Budocus was the name
of a saint.
BULLAND, BULLEN. See Bolland.
BULUVANT. This name has been derived from
Norm, hel enfant^ fine child, like Bellamy from bel amy;
but BuUivant and Pillivant are possibly from PoUaphant in
Alternun ; or Pollyfont, Pollifont in Lewannick j or Poly-
funt. Poly vant in Trewen parish, which Hals renders, •* the
top spring or fountain of water, called from some spring of
water that rises in some high lands of that tenement ;" but
the name rather means the head of the spring (pol-y-font).
c
18 PATRONYMIC A
BULLUN. See Bolland.
BURG AN. From bur-gan, the top of the down.
BURGESS. From berges^ burgee^ a citizen, townsman ;
a Cornish form of the Fr. bourgeois,
BURGUS. See Bargus.
BURLACE, BURLAS. See Borlasb.
BUSCOMB, BUSCUMBE, BOSCUMB. From bua^
coomb f the dwelling in the vallej.
BUSCREEGE. See Boscreege.
BUSSCOWEN. See Boscawan.
BUSVARGUS. From Busvargus in^St. Just; from
buS'VaV'gUsy the house or dwelling on the top of the wood.
BUSVEAL, BOSVEAL, BUS WELL. From Busveal
in Gwennap ; from bus^veal, the calves' house.
BUZZA, From bod-zdh, the dry dwelling ; or bod-sau,
the healthy abode.
C.
CALL. Hals derives this name from the Cornish*
British call, cal, any hard, flinty, or obdurate matter or
thing (probably from the character of the soil of the estate
of the first owner). The Cornish cal also signifies cunning,
sly. Lower suggests that Call may be from the Scotch
name MacCall.
CALLARD. This name may be from Calartha, in
Morvah ; from cala-arth, the hard or difficult height.
CAMBORNE (De), CAMBOURNE (De). From Cam-
borne, a town and parish in Penwith hundred, which Hals
renders " a crooked or arched burne or well." Pryce trans*
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 19
lates Cambourne, Cambron, crooked well or crooked hill
{cam'bourne^ cam^hron),
CARAH. See Care.
CARAHATES. See Carhates.
CARBALLA. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert in
a list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. From
car'bal^ the naked rock, or the rock by the tin-works.
There is a place named Carbellj in Blisland, and a Car-
bella in Cardinham. D. Gilbert gives a Robert Fitzhamon,
Earl of Carbill.
CARBERY, CARBERRY. When not of Irish origin
from car-vre\ the rocky hill.
CARBINES, CARBINIS. See Carbis.
CARBIS. From Carbis in Leland, or Carbus (now
Carvis) in Roche ; from car-bus, the dwelling on the rock.
(Pryce renders Carbis, Carbos, Carbus, rocky wood ; house
or castle of stone.) Hence no doubt Cerbis, and according
to some. Carbines and Carbinis ; but the two latter names
may be from car-ennis, the rocky island or peninsula. Cara-
bine and Carbone are found as surnames in the United
States.
CARBURRA. A name mentioned by C. 8. Gilbert in
a list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. It may
be from car-bar, the town on the top or summit. Bor is fat,
D. Gilbert says the manor of Carborro or Carburrow in
Warleggon has been for a considerable time in the family of
Arscott Bickford, Esq., of Deansland, in Devonshire. But
see Carbery.
CARBYON. From car-bean, the little castle.
CARDINHAM {pron, cardinim). From Cardinham, a
township in Bodmin Union ; or Cardinham in Crowan.
c 2
20 PATRONYMIGA
Some translate the name, the rock-man's house ; but it is
rather from car-Dinham^ the rock or dwelling of Dinham.
Cardinham was in fact at one time the residence of Lord
Dinham. Cf. Tredinham.
CARCLEW. From Carclew, anc. Crucglew and Cruc-
gleu, a bai'ton in Mjlor in Kerrier, which Tonkin thinks
may come from "cruc-clew, the enclosure of barrows
or by barrows, of which there are several in the adjoin-
ing commons " Qu. : from cryk-gleu, gleWy the moist,
wet, or stiff barrow. Corclew would seem to be the same
name.
CARDELL. From car-doly the stony vale.
CARDEW. See Carthew.
CARE, CARR. From car, a rock, or caer, a city, town,
fortified place, castle. Hence the names Carah and Carrah.
There was a Peter de Cara Villa.
CAREW, CAREY. A family said to be descended from
Gerald de Carrio. According to some Carey is another form
of this name, which circ. 1300 was spelt De Carru. Indeed
the Carews of the West of England pronounce their name
Cary. Some say the ancient family of Cary derived its
name from the manor of Cary or Kari (as it is called in
Domesday), in the parish of St. Giles-on-the-Heath, near
Launceston. Carew Castle is near Mil ford Haven. Carew
says his family was denominated from one Carrow or Kar*
row that came into England with the Conqueror. Hals
says the arms of the Carrows and Carews are the same.
He suggests some absurd etymologies of the name. It
has been derived from carau, a stag, pi. carew ; caer-'eau^
a Cornish-French compound, would translate the castle
on the water, and chy-ar-^aUy the house on the water. It
COBNU-BBI TANNIC A. 21
may also be from car, a rock. Carrew, Carrey, and Carry
are perhaps the same name.
CARGEEGE, CARKEEK, CARKEET, KARKEEK,
KERGECK, KERGEEK. From car-qutk, the rocky vil-
lage ; or car-key^ ke, the stone hedge ; or perhaps even from
car-kiey kei, the dog's rock.
CARGENWEN. See Curgenwen.
CARHAYES, CARAHAYES, CARYHAYES. Pryce
renders Carhayes *' the enclosed castle."
CARHART. From Carhart in St. Breock ; from car-
artk, the high rock or fortress, or the rocky height. Hence,
by corruption, Crahart ; and, by contraction, Crart.
CARINTHEN. From carn-ithen^ eithin, the furzy rock ;
or from Carnarthen in Illogan ; from cani-aHA-6», the lofty
rock. But see also Carnedon.
CARKEEK, CARKEET. See Cargeege.
CARLIAN, CARLYON, CURLYON. From an estate
called Carlyon or Curlyghon near Truro, for a long time in
the possession of the family. There is still a place called
Carlyon (D. Gilbert, Carlian) in Kea. The name may be
from car-lagen, the rock or dwelling by the pond or pool.
Hals thinks "the family of Cur-Lyon, by its name and
arms, were descendants of Richard Curlyon, alias King
Richard I." ! ! !
CARMENOW, CARMINOW, CARMINOWE, CAR-
MINOU, CARMINNOW, CARMYNEW, CARMYNOW.
From Carminow, a manor and barton in the parish of St.
Mawgan in Meueage ; from car-minow, the little rock.
There is a place named Carminnow in Gunwalloe.
CARNA. See Carnb.
CARNALL. See Carnell.
22 PATRONYMICA
CARNBAL. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert in a
list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. From
cam-bal, which will translate the naked or poor town, or
the town by the tin-works. See also Cabballa.
CARNE, KARN (Carna ?). From cam, came, kam, a
shelf in the sea, a heap of rocks. There is Carne in
Verian ; and Carn is the name of places in Morvah, Lante-
glos by Fowey, and in Crowan.
CARNEDON. From the barton of Carnedon in St.
Stephen's, near Launceston ; from came-dun, the rocky
hill. Tonkin gives the manor of Carnedon Prior, "the
rocky hill," probably the Domesday Carneten, in Linkin-
horne.
CARNELL, CARNALL. From Carnhell in Gwinear ;
from carm-hel, -hale, the rocky river, or the rocky moor.
CARNESEW, CARNSEW. The original name of this
family was Thoms. They took the name of Carnsew from
Carnsew in the parish of Mabe, from cam-sew, zew, the
black rock, Kearnzew would seem to be a variation of the
name.
CARR, CARRAH. See Care.
CARREW, CARREY. See Carew.
GARRICK. From carrick, garrtck, a rock.
CARRIO (De), C ARROW, CARRU (De), CARRY.
See Carew.
CARTHEW. From Carthew in St. Issey, or Carthew
in Madron ; from cat^-thew, dew, the black rock. The family
were celebrated in the county, temp. Edw. 11. Cardew is
the same name, but may be a different family.
CARVALL, CARVILL. From car-val, the rocky wall
or fence ; or car-uhal, the high rock.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 23
CARVATH, CARVETH. From Carvath in St. Aus-
tell, or Carvath in Cuby ; from car-vethy the citj grave,
or castle burying-place.
CARVER. From car^veovy the great rock.
CARVERTH. From Carverth in Mabe; which Hals
renders " rock-strength ; or from ear-veth, rock -grave ;'
and he says, "those gentlemen, from living at Carveth or
Carverth in Mabe, were transnominated from Thorns to
Carverth." The name seems to be from car-verthy the
green town. Hence the U. S. name Cravarth. Cf. Carvath.
CARVETH. See Carvath.
CARVILL. See Carvall.
CARVOLTH. From Carvolth in Crowan, probably the
same as Carvolghe or Corvaghe, a manor in the parish of
Morvah, which may mean the dwelling with the little wall
{vtlgigy dim. of vol, gual, a wall).
CARVOSOE, CARVOSSO, CARVOSSOE. From
Carvowsa in Ludgvan, or Carvis in Roche ; from car-vosCy
a rock or castle intrenched by a ditch ; or, as Pryce renders
it, " the intrenched castle."
CARWITHEN. From Carwithenick in Constantine;
from car-wytheu'icky the castle in the woody place.
CARY. See Carew.
CARYHAYES. See Carhates.
CASABOM, CASEBOUME. From easa-bron, the
dirty hill. Cf. the local name Lambron, Lamborn.
CAUSE, CAUSSE. See Caws.
CAUTHERN. From coiulioamy the wood containing
iron.
CAVAL. See Kivell.
CAVALL. "Who out of a supposed allusion to this
24 PATRONYMICA
name, as appears from the glass windows of this house, gave
a calf for their arms, viz.. Argent, a calf passant. Gules ;
whereas lengh is a calf in British-Cornish, and cavall is a
beehive, cradle, or flashet." {Hals.) The name is from
root of Kivell, q. v.
CAWETH. From Caweth in Mabe ; a probable con-
traction of Carvath, Carveth, or Carverth, q, v. The
original name of the family was Thomas.
CAWBSE. From cors, a place full of wood, a den, a
bog. It would also corrupt from Caws, q, v. ; also Coode.
CAWS, CAWSE. See Coode.
CENNICK, CUNNACK, CUNNICK. Perhaps from
Kennick or Kenrick Cove, in St. Keverne ; from gun-tckf
the down or common by the creek. Lower derives the sur-
name Chinnock from Chinnock, the appellation of three
parishes co. Somerset ; and under Snooks, which is a known
corruption of Sevenoaks, he says, Sevenoke, the early ortho-
graphy of the town, has also been modified to Sinnock, Cennick.
CERBIS. See Carbis.
CHALLAW. See Chellew.
CHARKE, CHURKE. From Chork in the township
and parish of Lanivet, a corruption of corack, a rock.
CHAWN. See Chown.
CHEGIN. See Chegwidden.
CHEGWIDDEN, var. CHIGWEDDEN, KEIGWID-
DEN, KEIGWIDN, KEIWIDDEN, KEGWIN, KEIG-
WIN, KEIGWYN, CHEGIN, CHEGWIN, CHYG-
WYN. This name is said to mean the white dog (kei-gwin),
and the arms of the family are three greyhounds Argent.
It is more probably from ke-gwdyriy the white hedge ; or
kea^gwdyriy the white enclosure ; or perhaps rather from cht/-
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 25
gwdyn, the white house. D. Gilbert, under Perranzabuloe,
says, " That as the miners impute the discovery of tin to
St. Perran, so they ascribe its reduction from the ore, in a
large way, to an imaginary personage, Saint Chiwidden ;
but chuwadden is the white house, and must therefore
mean a smelting or blowing house, where the black ore of
tin is converted into a white metal." There is a place called
Kegwyn St. Just in Constantine.
CHEGWIDDER. From chy-gueidhur, the workman's
house ; or the same as Chegwiddeu, q. v.
CHEGWIN. See Chegwidden.
CHELLEW, CHELLO W. From Chellew in Ludgvan ;
from car-lu, the rock or castle-place ; car-leu, lion castle or
town ; or car-loo, the rocky pool. Hence the surnames
Challaw, Cherlew.
CHEMHAL, CHENHALL. See Chtnhale.
CHENHALLS, CHEYNALLS. From chy'n-als, the
house on the cliff. See also Chtnbalb.
CHENNELL. See Chtnhale.
CHENOWETH. See Chtnowbth.
CHERLEW. See Chellew.
CHEVERTON. See Chiverton.
CHEYNALLS. See Chenhalls.
CHIGWEDDEN. See Chegwidden.
CHINOWETH, See Chynoweth.
CHIRGWIN. See Curgenven.
CHIVEL, CHIVELL. See Kivell.
CHIVERTON, CHEVERTON, CHIUERTON, CHI-
VARTON, CHI WARTON. From Chiverton in Perranza-
buloe ; from chy'ver-ton, the house on the green lay ; or
chi-uar-ton, the house upon the hill. Others translate
26 PATRONYMICA
ChivartoD, the greon castle on the hill, or a castle with a
green field under it, "which latter," says Scawen, "may
be well thought on as to the name in Cornish, tho' in the
heraldry it had been more complete."
CHONE, CHOUNENS, CHOWEN. See Chown.
CHOWN, CHOWNE, or CHONE. This family is
said to be from Castle Chiowne, Chioune, ChuD, or Choon,
which some interpret a " house in a croft." I take it to
be the same name as Chywoon in Morvah, or Perran
Arwarthal ; from chy-woon, the house on the down or
common. There was a Thomas Chounens or Chowne ;
and Chowen, Chawn, Chunn would seem to be the same
name.
CHUNN. See Chown.
CHURKE. See Charke.
CHYGWYN. See Chegwidden.
CHYNHALE, CHENHALL. From chy'n^hale, chy'n-
hdl, the house on the moor. (There is Chenhall in Maw-
nan.) Chemhal and Chennell would seem to be the same
name. See also Chenhalls.
CHYNOWETH, CHYNOWTH, CHINOWETH,
CHENOWETH. One of the most ancient families in the
county. From Chynoweth in Cubert ; from chy'iioweth^
the new house. There is or was a place named Chynoweth
in St. Earth, whence another family derived its name.
CLAMO. See Clemow.
CLEATHER. From St. Cleather in Lesnewth hundred.
Hals says, " For the name of St. Cleather, it refers to the
vicar of the church, and in Cornish signifies a sacred or
holy fencer or gladiator ; a person that exercises a spiritual
sword for offence or defence in a holy manner ; and as in
COENU-BRITANNIC A. 2 7
this place bj the holy fencer is to be understood the vicar, so
by his word is signified t^v [jiac^aptxy rou ifyeui^aros 6*a^L pijjxa
Oeou, gladium Spiritiis, quod est yerbum Dei, t. e. the sword
of the Spirit, which is the word of God." The local name
is more probably from ledr, ledra, a cliff, a steep hilL
CLEGG. From cleggo^ a rock, cliff; clegar, id. Hence
Clegar in St. Agnes, and Cleggo in Gorran,
CLEMMOW, CLEMOES, CLEMOOR. See Clemow.
CLEMOW (clemma), CLEMMOW, CLEMOWE,
CLEMOES, CLEMOOR, CLAMO, CLIMO, CLYMA,
CLYMO. From the baptismal name Clement. Hence the
local name Climsland, s. e, Clemma's Land, in East hun-
dred.
CLENICK, CLINICK. From Clennick in Broadoak
parish ; from lyn-ick, the dwelling by the water.
CLENSO, CLENSOE. See Colenso.
CLIMO. See Clemow.
CLINICK. See Clenick.
CLYMA, CLYMO. See Clemow.
CLOAK, CLOAKE, CLOKE. From root of Clogg or
Clegg, q. V.
CLOEN. From Clown in the township and parish of
Boconnoc in West hundred ; from clogwyriy a steep rock.
CLOGG. From clog, a steep rock.
CLOKE. See Cloak.
COAD. See Coodb. (There is Coad's Green in North
Hill.)
COAT, COATH, CODE. See Coode.
COLBURN. This name may sometimes be from Col-
born, which Pryce renders " the dry well." CoUhorn would
translate the holy well.
28 PATBONYMICA
COLENSE, COLENSO, COLENSOE, CLENSO,
CLENSOE. The last part of these names would seem to
be the same with that of Boskenso in Mawnan, and, if so,
they may be from col-enys^ the island ridge, Colenso, &c.,
are however more probably Cornish forms of Collins, a name
derived from Nicholas.
COLQUITE. From Colquite in Lanteglos by Fowey ;
from kil'Coidf the neck of the wood. Pryce renders Col-
quite (anc. Kilcoid, &c.), the neck of the wood, or the dry
wood.
COMBELLACK, CUMBELLAC. From com-vallack,
the fenced or walled valley.
COMEFORD, COMERFORD, COMFORT, COM-
MERFORD. From Comfort in Gwennap ; from cwm-ror,
the great valley. Polwhele renders Corn-fort, Coomb-fordy
Cwm-fordh, Cuum-vordhy Cum-vory the great road or pass
between the hills.
COMMON. From com-mogariy the great valley.
CONDOR, CONDURA, or CUNDOR ; in Latin Con-
dorus or Condurus, Earl of Cornwall at the time of the
Norman Conquest. From Conor or Condura in St. Cle-
ments, which D. Gilbert renders the king's or prince's
water. Pryce with more reason translates Condurra,
Condourra, the neck of water {eon-dower). See also
Connor.
CONGDON. From Congdon in South Petherwin.
(There is Congdon Shop in North Hill.) From conna-deuy
the neck or promontory on the hill.
CONNOCK, CONOCK. « The name Conock or Con-
nock signifies rich, prosperous, thriving, successful, of which
name and family those in Cornwall are descended from the
COENU-BRITANNICA. 29
Conocks of Wiltshire ; the first of the tribe in those parts
was a Mr. Conock, who, temp. Elizabeth, came to Leskeard,
a tanner, and laid the foundation of his estate, as Mr.
Thomas Rivers of Liskeard informed me." {Gilbert, quoting
Hals,)
CONNOR, CONOR. As Cornish surnames, said to be
from Connor, rage. D. Gilbert, speaking of St. Clements,
says, "In this church town is the well-known place of Conor,
Condura ; id est, the king or prince's water (viz., Cornwall),
whose royalty is still over the same, and whose lands cover
comparatively the whole parish ; from which place in all
probability was denominated Cundor or Condor, in Lat.
Condorus, i. e, Condura, Earl of Cornwall at the time of
the Norman Conquest, who perhaps lived or was born here.
And moreover the inhabitants of this church town and its
neighbourhood will tell you, by tradition from age to age,
that here once dwelt a great lord and lady called Condura."
But see Condor.
CONNORTON. See Connor.
CONOCK. See Connock.
CONOR. See Connor.
COODE. From coid, var. coit, cos, coys, cuit, cus (pi.
cosaws, cosawes), god,goda, goed, goose, gosse, g-ds, gUtz , govi/tk,
gyth, wyth, quit, quite, a wood. Hence the surnames Cause,
Causse, Caws, Cawse, Coad, Coat, Coath, Code, Cood, Coot,
Coote, Cowd, Coose, Cooze (Cossa ?), Cuss, Groad, Goate,
Good, Goose, Goosey, Gooze, Goozee, Goss, Gosse.
COOM. From root of Coumbe, q, v.
COOSE. From Coose in Creed, from root of Coode,
q. V.
COOT, COOZE. See Coodb.
30 PATRONYMICA
COPP. As a Cornish name, from coppa, the top or
summit.
CORCLEW. See Carclew.
COREN, CORIN. "John Coren, Esq., derived from
the Corens of St. Stephens in Branwell, and gave for his
arms, Arg. a millrind between two martlets in fess. Sab."
{Tonkin.) The name seems to be from cor-an^ the dwarf.
Cf. the W. covy little, a dwarf ; coren^ cores, a female
dwarf.
CORITON. See Cobyton.
CORLYER. From car-luar, the garden on the rock.
CORNOW. Sec Curnow.
CORY. See Curt.
CORYTON, CORITON. C. S. Gilbert derives the
name Coryton from an estate in Lifton, co. Devon, pos-
sessed bj the family as early at least as 1242 ; but the
reverse may be the fact, for the ancient name of Cury in
Kerrier was Curytowne or Cury ton. See Curt.
COSBEY. See Cosway.
COSOWARTH. See Coswarth.
COSSA. See Coode.
COSWARTH, COSOWARTH. From Coswarth or
Cosowarth in Calan (in Pider hundred), where the
family flourished till temp. Henry YIH. Hals translates
Coswarth or Cosowai'th the far-off or remote wood ; but
the name is rather from cos-warth, the high wood. Hence
the surnames Cosworth and Cuswath.
COSWAY, COSBEY. From Coosvea^ Coozvean ; from
coose^vean, the little wood.
COSWORTH. See Coswarth.
COSWYN (De). From Coswin, in the parish of Gwi-
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 3 1
near, where the family flourished for several descents, till
John Coswjn, temp. Chas. II., having wasted the paternal
estate, sold the barton. The name is from cos-gwdyn^ the
white wood ; or cos-vean^ the little wood.
COTEHELE (De). From Cotehele or Cathill in Cal-
stock ; from cut-hill, coit-hayle, the wood on the river.
'' CuthiU was the most ancient seat of the knightly family
of Edgecombes in Cornwall. It came into that family by
the marriage of Hilaria, daughter and heir of William de
Cotehele, with William de Edgecombe in the reign of
Edw. in."
COUMBE, COOM. From coom, cumm, a valley. There
is the village of Combe, formerly Coumbe, in Morwin-
stow, and Combe Keale in Egloskerry ; and places named
Coombe in Duloe, Kea, and Landrake.
COVER. See Gover.
CO WD. See Coodr.
COWLSTOCK. From Calstock in East hundred ; from
cal'Stoc, hard rock.
CRADICK, CRADOCK, CRADDOCK. The same
as the Welsh Caradoc (Latinized Caractacus) ; from cara-
dawgy abounding with love {carad, loving ; Corn, car, a
friend). There was a Cradock, Earl of Cornwall.
CRAGE, CRAGO, CRAGOE, CRAGS. See Crego.
CRAHART. See Carhart.
CRAISE. See Craze.
CRAKE. See Crego.
CRANE. From Crane in Camborne ; from grean, gravel ;
or croan, the cross. Hals says, " Crane adjoining Roswarne
gave name to its possessor, Cit-Crane, who gave bustards or
cranes for his arms ; for as crana, krana, is as grua in Latin,
82 PATBONYMICA
80 it is a crane in English, garan and cryhyr in the
Welsh."
CRART. See Carhart.
CRASHDOOR. From castle-door or kestle-dour, the
castle near the water. Others translate the name ^*on the
water."
CRAVARTH. See Carverth.
CRAZE, CRAISE. From Cherease, Cht/rease, which Pol-
whele renders " the middle house " (probably chy-creis),
Creia, creiz, signifies also force, strength ; and cres is peace,
quiet, rest.
CREAGH, CREAK. See Crego.
CREBA. From crif, strong ; or greah, crib, a comb ;
perhaps used locallj to signify a ridge (crib, a comb of a
cock, or any bird : hence, the rocks called Crebs in many
places, for that they appear like the comb of a cock at low
water, &c. Fryce),
CREBER, CREBOR, CREPER. From crib-ber, the
short ridge ; crib-ver, the great riJge ; or crib-per, the bare
rock. Ber also means a gentle eminence. There is a
Wheal Crebor. But see Creba.
CREECH, CREEKE. See Crego.
CREGAN, CREGEEN, CRIGAN. From creeg^an,
the creek ; or cryk-an, the barrow.
CREGO, CREGOE. From Crego, an estate in St.
Cubye or Tregony ; from creeg, a creek ; or cryk, a barrow
or tumulus. Hence perhaps Crago, Cragoe, Crage, Craggs,
Crake, Creak, Creeke, Creech, Creagh.
CREPER. See Creber.
CRIGAN. See Cregan.
CROGGAN, CROGGIN, CROGGON. Pryce renders
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 33
Cracket-ton, Croggan-ton, a place where are shells (crogm,
a shell, pi. hregyn) ; but these surnames are rather from
crow-gon, the cross on the down.
CROKE, CROOK. From crug, cruCy cryk, a barrow,
hillock.
CROOME. A family that held the barton of Trelevan
in Mevagissey. From croum, croom, krunij crooked (W.
croniy crwin). The Croomes are said to have been originally
from Wales.
CROW, CROWE. From crmL^ crow, a cross.
CROWGEY. From Crowgy in Constantino, or Crowgy
in Gwennap ; from crou-key the cross by the hedge. The
last syllable might also be from gy^ a brook, or c%, a house.
CRUDGE. From cruCy a buttock, a barrow ; or from
crouy a cross.
CUER. From cuevy cur (L. curia)y a court; or gueVy
green, lively, flourishing ; whence Geare, the name of
several places in this county.
CUMBELLAC. See Combellaok.
CUNDOR. See Condor.
CUNNACK, CUNNICK. See Cennick.
CURGANVEN, CURGENVEN, CURGENWEN
(commonly written Cargenwen). From car^gwynn, the
white rock or castle. Hence perhaps, by corruption, the
surname Chirgwin.
CURLYON. See Carlian.
CURNOE, CURNOW. These names mean high rocks
or shelves in the sea ; properly, says Pryce, a heap of
rocks, a rocky place (carnoUy pi. of cam, came). Hence
also Cornow and Kernow ; but the latter is also the
Cornish for Cornwall.
D
34 PATEONYMICA
CURRY, CURY, CORY. From Cury or Curye, a
parish in Kerrier Hundred, found written Curytowne and
Curyton ; from crou-dun, the hill with the cross ; or crou'
todn, the cross in the green meadow.
CUSDEN, CUSDIN. From caBa-den, the dirty valley.
CUSS. See Coode.
CUSWATH. See Coswarth.
CUTTELL, CUTTILL. If Cornish names, from root
of Cotehele, q. v.
D.
DAGr, DAGG-E. The surname Dag has been derived
from Teut. dceg, day. The Dags of Cornwall may have their
name from Cornish dag^ '* some one " — perhaps some one of
importance, from Gr. raryog, a leader, comminder, a chief,
a ruler (Thessalian tagus), D. Gilbert says, "Killi-
gaueen in St. Feock, after Mr. Hussey's decease, passed
into the hands of Mr. Dagge : two brothers of that
name went to London from Bodmin to seek their fortunes ;
one of whom became the manager of Co vent Garden
Theatre ; the other pursued the law, to which both were
probably educated, and ultimately retired to Killiganeen,
which has since become the property of Admiral Spry."
Dagworthy is a surname.
DAG WORTHY. See Dag.
DALPHIN. See Godolphin.
DELL. From dol^ a valley, dale.
DENHAM. See Tredenham.
DENNIS, DINNIS. From dinaZy dinas, a bulwark.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 35
fortress, city, walled towu. The name may, however, some-
times be from the parish of St. Denis in Powdre, so called
from St. Denis or Dionysius, to whom its church was dedi-
cated.
DENSILL, DENSELL, DENZIL. From an estate in
the parish of Mawgan in Pyder, possessed by the family
down to the 16th century. The name is from den-ail, the
hill in open view or prospect ; or den-si/l, the hill of the
sun. Hals gives an absurd etymology. See Gilbert.
DERRICK. This name is said to be sometimes from
Cornish derrick, a sexton, a gravedigger ; from terhi, to
break ; or doer, the earth, as belonging to the earth. It is
perhaps more often the nickname for Theodoric, a name of
Teutonic origin.
DEVIS. From davas, anc. davat, a sheep. Pryce gives
" Devis, Davas, Davat, sheep place. — Nom. fam. Davis, a
sheep."
DINHAM. See Tredenham and Cardinha^.
DINNIS. See Dennis.
DOGGET, DOGGETT. Mr. Ferguson makes Doggett
a diminutive of the Icelandic dogge, Eng. dog. Lower
seems to think it corrupted from Dowgate, one of the
Roman gateways of the city of Londt)n. Dogget however
may .be an abbreviation of Pendoggett, a village in St
Kew ; from pen^ower-gate, the head of the gate or opening
to the water.
DOLBEN. From dol-highan, the little vale ; or dol-ben,
the head of the valley, or the head vaHey;
DOLLMAN, DOLMAN. See Tolman.
DOLPHIN. See Godolphin.
DORMAR, DORMER. From dour-mer^ the great water.
D 2
36 PATRONYMICA
DOWER. This surname may be from Dower in Crowan
(there is Dower Park in St. Kew), named from some pool
or standing water {dour^ water). The Prompt. Parv. ren-
ders the word dower, a rabbit's burrow, cuniculus,
DOWERINGE. From dower-ick, the watery place.
Hence perhaps the surnames Dowrige and Dowrick. Cf.
Dower.
■
DOWICK. From dow-ick, probably for dower-ick^ the
place by the water. Dew-ick would signify the dark place.
DOWRICK, DOWRIGE. See Doweringe.
DRAIN. See Trehane.
DREADON. From dre-don, the dwelling on the hill ;
or dreath-doTiy the hill of gravel or sand.
DRIGG. See Trigg.
DUG GAR. From dew -car, the black rock ; or Du'Car,
God's rock.
DUGGUA. From dew-gwy, the dark stream.
DULASTON. From dow-glas-ton, the hill by the green
water.
DUNCALF. From dun-calf, the bald or bare hill.
DUNDAGELL. Hals, citing Carew's Survey of Corn-
wall, p. 44, says," Dundagell (alias Dyndagell, alia^ Bosith-
ney) gave name and original to an old family of gentlemen
surnamed De Dundagell, now extinct, of which family was
Robert de Dundagell, who, temp. Rich. I., held in this
county, by the tenure of knight service, five knight's fees."
He says also that the name Dundagell means safe, secure,
or impregnable fort or fortress ; and Dyndagell safe, secure,
impregnable, or invincible man ; or a man so fortified, mag-
nified, or fenced by art or nature that he was not liable to
hurt or danger, referring perhaps to the King or Earl of
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 37
CoKiwall, whose fort or castle it was " ! In Domesday,
20 Wm. I. (1087), this place was taxed under the name of
Dune-cheine. Tonkin sajs " tin is the same as e^tn, dinaSf
dixethy deceit ; so that Tindixeth, turned for the easier pro-
nunciation to Tintagel, Dindagel, or Daundagel, signifies
the Castle of Deceit, which name might be aptly given to
it from the famous deceit practised here by Titer Pendragon,
by the help of Merlin's enchantment." Pryce renders
" Tintagell (now Tintagel), the modern name of Dunda-
gell, Dundagel, the castle of deceit (tiuy dtn, a fortified
place or castle)."
DUNGAY, DUNGEY. From dun-ke, the hill enclosed
by a hedge or fence ; or dun-keay the hedge enclosure.
Tungay may be the same name.
E.
EDEVEAIN, EDYVANE, EDYVEAIN, EDYVEAN,
EDYFYN. This name may mean the little bottom or val-
ley {izy-vean) ; or the valley of stones (yyiriy vyyn, pi. of
maenj a stone) ; or, as the earliest orthography is said to
have been Edyfyn, it would translate " the spring in the val-
ley " [izy-fyn). It would also corrupt from a French form of
Edwin.
ELLARY, ELLERY. Perhaps from the manor of
Elerky (found Elerchy, in Domesday Elerchi) in Veryan ;
from elerch'Chy^ the swan's house. Lower makes Ellery a
corruption of Hilary.
EL WIN. From Hallwyn in St. Issey ; or the manor of
38 PATBONTMICA
Halwyn in Perranzabuloe ; from hdUwyn, the white moor or
hill. The name Elwin may however be derived from the
old Teutouic name Alwyn (whence Allen), from al-wtn,.
mighty conqueror ; or from the name Adalwin, from adal'^
win, noble conqueror.
ENDEAN, INDEAN. From hean-dean^ an old man ;
or perhaps rather from hedn-diuy the old fortified hill.
Pryce translates the local name Tregandean, the men's
dwelling {den^ the men).
ENNES, ENNIS, ENNYS, ENYS. From an estate
in Cornwall still possessed by the family, to whom it be-
longed temp. Edw. III. {Lower.) From ennis^ ynes^ ynez^
an island, peninsula. Hence perhaps sometimes Ince and
Inch.
ERISEY, ERISY, anc. written ERISIE. From the
manor and barton of Erisey in Grade, or the barton of
Erisey or Herisey in Ruan Major. The name Erisey, says
D. Gilbert, has been extinct about a century. Pryce trans-
lates Erisey, the dry acre ; Pare Erisey, the dry field. In
another place he renders Park Erissie, Parc-Erisy, the corn
field, or dry acre on the bottom. Eri^ erw^ is a field, acre ;
and aeyh is dry. •
EUREN. From voren, strange, foreign ; also a knave,
scoundrel, jade.
EVA. From the parish of St. Ewe, var. Hewa, Hevh,
and Eva, in Powdre hundred, named from St. Eva, the fem.
of St. Ivo or Ivonis, i. e. St. John (the Baptist) ; from the
Greek Iwayvrjs,
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 39
F.
FALMOUTH. From the town of the same name ; from
Fal-mouth, mouth of the Fal, called the Prince's river.
FAULL. The Cornish form of Paull. There is Tre-
faul in Lanreath ; and Paul, Paull are found as surnames
in Cornwall. Hence Faulls.
FAZAN, FAZON. See Pheasant.
FELLENOWETH. See Vellenoweth.
FENTON, YENTON, VENTOM. From fenton, ven-
ton, a spring, fountain, well. There is Fenton in Ladock,
and there are several names compounded of venton. But
the Fentons are not always from Cornwall. There are
parishes and places called Fenton (perhaps " the fenny en-
closure or town ") in cos. Lincoln, Stafford, and York.
FENTONGOLLAN (De). From Fenton-gollan, Venton-
gollan, " which," says Hals, " was and is the soke^ lands of
a considerable manor, which heretofore comprehended the
whole parishes of St. Michael Penkevil and Merther, ex-
cept the tenements of Penkevill, Tregothnan, &c. &c.,
now subdivided into the manors of Tregothnan and Fenton-
gollan." The name means the holy well.
FESANT. See Pheasant.
FICE. SeeVosE.
FIDDIAN. See Mithian.
FIDDICK, FIDICK. See Biddiok.
FINTER. See Wintoub.
FITHIAN. See Mithian.
FOOT, FOOTE. As a Cornish name, perhaps from
40 PATRONYMICA
foute, a lane. Samuel Foote, the comedian, who was a
native of Truro, changed his name from Foot to Foote
upon settling in London.
FORD. As a Cornish name, perhaps from Ford in
Lanhydroch ; from fordy a way.
FORDER. From Forder in Trematon ; from vor-dour,
the way (over the) water ; or veor-dour, the great water.
FOS. See Vose.
FOSS. From Foss in Duloe ; from root of Vose, q. v.
FRADD. From prdz, a meadow. See Praed.
FRATHAN. There is the village of Fraddon in St.
Enodoc, but this name is most probably corrupted from
Trathan, q. v.
FREATHY, FREETHY, FRETHEY. See Trbthe-
WAT.
FREEBODY. See Trewbodt.
FREMEWAN. See Tremewan.
FREWARTHA. See Trewartha.
FRIDGE. From /ry, fridge^ a promontory ; literally a
nose.
FRIGGEN, FRIGGENS. Perhaps the same as Frig-
nis, mentioned in a visitation of 9 Oct. 1620 as one of the
burgesses of Truro ; but these names may also be from frt/-
gwyriy the white hill or promontory.
FUDGE, FUGE, FUGO. Fuge is from foge, a blowing,
house ; from fok^ a hearth, furnace, fire-place. Hence pro-
bably the names Fugo and Fudge.
FURSE, FURZE. From fors, vors, for ford, a way.
There is a place called Furze Park in Lansalloes.
COENU-BBITANNIC A. 4 1
G.
GALGEY. This name may be from Galgeath in Car-
dinham ; from goUkeay the holy enclosure, or cala-kea, the
hard enclosure.
GARE. See Gear.
GARRANCE. From guarhaz, garhaz, the summit or
top. There is Garras in Kenwyn, and Garras in St. Allen,
which Pryce renders, " on the top of the hill."
GARTARELL, GARTRELL. From car-Terrelly Ter-
rell's rock.
GAUERIGAN, GAUERYGAN, GAVERGAN, GA-
VERIGON, GAVRIGAN, GAWRIGAN. Gaverigon
is said to mean " twenty goats " (igans, twenty). It is the
same as Gauerigan, from gavar-y-gan, " the goats' downs."
Gauerygan, Gavergan, Gavrigan, Gawrigan, and Govrigon
are different forms of the same name. The arms of Ga-
Tergan are a goat.
GAYER. The same as Gear, q. v. Lower thinks Gayer
the Gare of the Wiltshire Domesday.
GEACH, GEAKE. See Quick.
GEAR. There is an estate named Gear in the parish
of St. Earth, which Polwhele thinks may have had its
name from caer^ castrum ; and he says Gear Bridge below
was originally Caer Bridge. Geare in Cornish signifies
"green or flourishing." There are places called Tregear
and Tregeare ; and Tregare is mentioned by Hals under
Gerans. Hence the names Gayer, Geer, Geere, and Gare.
GEDDEY, GEDY. See Giddy.
42 PATRONTMICA
GEDGE. See Quick.
GEER, GEERE. See Geab.
GERNIGAN. From carn-tganSy twenty rocks. The
Dame would also translate the little rock. There is a place
called Gurnick in Crowan.
GERRANS. From a parish of the same name in Corn-
wall. From root of Garrance, g. v,
GERRESH. From some local name. Tonkin says,
" adjoining to the barton of Gwerick in St. Allen is a
tenement called the Gerras, that is, the summit or top,
from its high situation, which I notice in this place on
account of its lead mines." From root of Garrance or Ger-
rans, q. v.
GEVERS. Qu. from gavar, a goat.
GEW. Pryce renders gew, the stay, support ; and says,
on many estates (especially in the west) one of the best
fields is called the Gew, probably from its being the support
of the estate. There is a place called Gew in Crowan.
GIDDY, GIDEY. Giddy is an ancient Cornish family,
formerly written Gedy, Geddey, Gidey, &c. " Possibly a
nurse name of Gideon." (Lower,)
GILLY. From gilli/y gelli/, kelli, a grove. There is a
place called Gilly in Mawgan, in Meneage.
GIST. From gest, gyst, a dog, properly a bitch. Hence
the name Keast. Cf. the Irish names compounded of cu,
con, a dog, used with sense cf hero.
GLASS. From glaze^ glase, green. Glas is the Cornish
for a country.
GLASSON, GLAZON. From glaz-on, glaz-ta, the
green downs.
GLAZE. From glaze^ glase, green. Carglaze (the green
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 43
rock) is the name of a tin mine in St. Austell. Cf. Pol-
glase.
GLAZON. See Glasson.
GLENCROSS. From glen-crotts, the cross in the dale.
GLISSAN. From^Ma-aw, the green (place). See Trb-
GLISSAN.
GLUAS, GLUGAS, GLUYAS. From glew^glas, the
moist or wet country; or from the parish of Gluvias in
Kerrier hundred, named after the saint to whom the church
was dedicated. Hals ahsurdlj derives the parochial name
from glewas, to hear.
GLYN, GLYNN. From Glin, Glynn, in the parish of
Cardinham, where the family flourished for many genera-
tions ; from gli/riy a woody valley.
GOAD, GOATE. See Coode.
GODALCAN, GODOLCAN, GODOLGHAN, GO-
DOLPHIN. Carew derives Godolphin from two Cornish
words signifying " white eagle." Scawen says, " Godol-
phin in keeping still displayed abroad the white eagle,
from the Cornish gothlugon" A correspondent of Notes
and Queries observes, " It seems highly improbable that
Carew should have given the explanation * white eagle'
without some grounds of apparent probability. First, the
Cornish form of the name is Godolghan, Godolcan, or
Godalcan : the last syllable may be can, white ; godol or
gedol may have been a Welsh or Cornish word unknown to
the dictionaries signifying ^ eagle ' (probably as a descrip-
tive epithet, etymologically combatant), even though we
have no other voucher than Carew himself. That such a
word, whatever the meaning, existed in Welsh, we may
learn from the name of Gors-y^Oedol in Merioneth. Gilbert
44 PATKONTMICA
seems to have imagined English elements in this Cornish
name. But, although it is possible Carew may be right in
his division and interpretation of the name, there is another
explanation to be found, I believe, in Camden. Godalcan
is rendered * wood of tin,' as though it were a wood in
which there are tin mines (god, imitation of coit, a wood ;
alcariy tin) ; but while I believe that alcan is an element in
the name, the first syllable seems to me to be from cody^ to
raise — a place where tin is raised. I believe Carew to be
quite right as to what the several parts of the Cornish
name might mean, though wrong in so dividing the word
and applying them to this particular example ; while Gil-
bert is quite astray." Gilbert says in a note, " Godolanec
in the Phoenician is a place of tin." The editor of Notes
and Queries observes, " The editors of the Queens of
Society had probably read the following note in Burke's
Dictionary of Peerages, p. 223 : — * Godolphin, in Cornish,
signifies a white eagle, which was always borne in the arms
of this family.' Burke, no doubt, obtained this fanciful
meaning of the word from Carew's Survey of Cornwall,
p. 149, ed. 1811, where it is stated that Godolfin alias
Godolghan signifies the white eagle — than which (says D,
Gilbert) nothing can be more untrue, for in all these com-
pound words there is not one particle or syllable relating
thereto, or any other of the British language whatsoever ;
for wen erew, wen eryr, wen eriew, and by contraction wen^er,
is a white eagle in the Welsh, Little-Britannic, and Cornish
tongues. (See Dr. Davis's British Lexicon, and Floyd upon
Aquila.) As for the modern name Good-ol-phin, God-ol-
fyn, it admits of no other etymology or construction than
that it was a place that was altogether a wood, fountain.
COENU- BRIT ANNIC A. 45
well, or spring of water, or altogether God's fountain or
spring of water. Parochial Hist, of Cornwall, i. 119,
120." N. & Q., 3rd S. iii. 448. Lower (on the authority
of C. S. Gilbert's Cornwall, i. 520) says, " Godolphin, a
manor in the parish of Breage, near Helston, anciently
written Godolghan, a word which is said to signify in the
Cornish * the white eagle,' whence the * eagle displayed
with two necks argent,' in the armorial shield. John
de Godolphin is said to have possessed the manor at the time
of the Conquest." Pryce translates Godolphin " the little
valley of springs " {jgo, little ; doly valley ; phin or fince^ of
springs). This would seem to be a more reasonable ety-
mology, but I am inclined to think godol may be simply an
intense form of dol, and that the name was perhaps
originally Dolvean, the little valley ; or Dolfyn^ the spring
in the valley. Godolcan may indeed be another name
altogether. I find in Leland's Itinerary (D. Gilbert, iv.
267), "From Mr. Godolcan to Pembro, wher the parish
chirch is (i. e. appertains) to Mr. Godolcan
From Mr. Godolcan to Lanante a four miles. No greater
tynne workes yn al Cornwall then be on Sir Wylliam Godal-
can's ground." The surnames Dolphin, Dalphin, may be
etymologically connected with that of Godolphin.
GOGAY. From go-guy, the little stream ; go-cht/y the
ittle house ; or go-kea, the little enclosure.
GOMMO. See Gumb.
GOOD, GOOSE, GOOSEY, GOOZE, GOOZEE.
See CooDE.
GOSS, GOSSE. As Cornish names, from root of
Coode, q. v.
GOVE. From gof, gove, a smith of any kind.
46 PATRONYMICA.
GOVERIGON. See Gauerigan.
GOVER. From gover (go-ver), the brook or spring of
water; (W. gofer, a rivulet); hence perhaps Cover.
GOYNE,GOYNS, GOYNES. Fromrootof Gunn, g.v.
There is Goynglaze in St. Agnes.
GREW. From grew, a crane. Cf. Killigrew, Petti-
grew.
GRILLS, GRYLLS. A friend renders this surname a
grasshopper or cricket (grillus, grylluSy a cricket ; in later
times perhaps used to designate a locust). But the name is
rather from the manor of Grylls or Garles, in Lesneweth,
near the rocks called the Grylls or Garles. Hence the sur-
name Gryllo.
GROWDEN, GROWDON. From grou-den, the hill of
sand or gravel ; or crou-den, the hill of the cross.
GRUNDRY. See Gundbt.
GRYLLO. See Grills.
GUAVAS, GUAVIS. See Gwavis.
GUMB, GUM, GUMMOE, GUMMOVV. Gumb is
from guimpy gump, down hill (in W. ar guympo). There is
a place called Gump in St. Agnes ; and the village of Jump
in Roborough hundred, co. Devon. Cf. the names Kumpe,
Gommo.
GUNDRY, GRUNDRY. From gun-drCy the town on
the down or plain ; or gUcii-di^aith, the down by the seashore.
' There is in Mawgan in Meneage a place called Gwandray.
These names may however be the same as Gundred (whence
St. Gundred's Well in Roche), a German name ; from
gund'drautf faithful or beloved woman.
GUNN. As a Cornish name, from gun, goon, a down or
common, a plain.
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 47
GWAIRNICK, GWARNACK. Hals says, « Gwarn-ike
(in St. Allen), t. e, lake, river, or leate, summons, notice,
or warning, so called from Owarnike Castle, a treble in-
trenchment or fortification lately extant on the woody
lands thereof, is the voke lands of the manor and barton of
Gwarnike, the old inheritance and dwellinge of the once
rich and famous family of the Bevils for many generations"!
Tonkin : '^ Partly in this parish is the great lordship of
Gwairnick, id esty the Hay river ; a name not unsuitable
to the circumstances of the place, for a pleasant river
passeth through most fertile meadows beneath the house."
Leland writes the local name Gwernak. Pryce renders
guernick ** marshy, moorish, hence Guamick or Gwarnick
in St. Allen, &c." There is a place called Gwnarick in
Kenwyn, and Gurnick in Crowan.
GUAVAS, GUAVIS, GWAVAS, GWAVIS. From
Guavas or Gwavas in Sithney. The name means a
winterly place, from gudv, givcif, winter. Hence the names
Wavis, Wavish.
G WE NAP. From the parish of Gwennap or Gwenap,
which was dedicated to St. Wenep. Pryce renders Gwenap
white son or white face {gwen-ap).
GWERICK. From guSr-ick, which will translate both
the green or flourishing place and the green brook.
GWIATOR, GWIHTOR. Henry Gwihtor or Gwiator
occurs in a muster-book for Redruth in 1600. The name
is from guythor^ an artificer, workman ; gueidhury a workman ;
gueidwur^ a workman in silver ; also a brazier, tinker.
Hence perhaps the surnames Gwyther, Wadder, Wetter,
Whetter.
GWIN, GWINN, GWYN, GWYNN, GWYNNE,
48 PATBONYMICA
WHIDDEN, WIDDEN. From gwyn, gvoydn, widn, white.
See also Winn.
GWYTHER. See Gwiator.
H.
HALE, HAILE. From hdl, hale, a moor ; hdl, a hill ;
or hail, bountiful, great, also a river that falls into the sea.
There is a place called Hale in Broadvale parish ; and
Hale is the name of a seaport and town in Penwith hundred.
HALLAMORE, HALLIMORE. From hdl-veor, the
great hill ; or hale-veor, the great moor.
HALLOWS. Lower derives this name from the parish
of Hallow, CO. Worcester ; but it may sometimes be from
Halle w, in Roche, Cornwall ; from hallow, the moors.
HALS. From Als, formerly the name of a place in
Burian ; from als, a high cliff. (Price gives als, the sea-
shore or cliff ; als, alt, an ascent.) Hals says, " From Als,
now Alse and Alsce, viz. lands towards or upon the sea-
coast, was denominated John de Als, or from Bar-Als-ton
in Devon, temp. Hen. I., and King Stephen, ancestor of the
De Alses, formerly of Lelant, now Halses
This family in Edward HI.'s days rote their surname de Als,
now Halse. (See Prince's Worthies of Devon upon Hals.) "
Halsey may be the same name.
HALVOSE. From Halvose in Manaccan ; from hdl-
vose, the moor ditch.
HAMBLYN. See Hamlet.
HAMELIN. As a Cornish name from hay'inelyn, the
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 49
green enclosure ; hdUmelyn^ the green hill ; or hdl-mellin,
the mill moor ; Hamlin may sometimes be the same name.
HAMELYE, HAMLEY. " Hamley of Halwyn, now
of St. Columb and Bodmin, whose surname has been written
Hamelye, Hamlyn, and Hamblyn, is of great antiquity in
Cornwall, where it appears to have been seated before the
Norman Conquest." (C S. Gilbert.) Lower thinks that the
name, which he rightly considers the same as Hamlyn, is
the Anglo-Norman, Hammeline. If of Cornish origin, it
may come from hdl-mellin, the mill moor. But see Hamelin.
HAMLIN, HAMLYN. See Hamlet.
HANDER. See Hekder.
HAND R A. See Hendra.
HARLYN (De). From Harlyn ; from ar-lyuy upon the
pool, water, or river.
HAWEISH. There is Hewas in Ladock, and Hewas
Water in Creed. Tonkin gives a Matilda de Hewish,
who held half of a small fee in Manely in St. Veep, temp.
3 Hen. IV. C. S. Gilbert mentions Hewis as a surname,
and says the early residence of the family was at Hewis, in
Hartland hundred, Devon, whence it removed to Tremoderet
in Duloe.
HAY, HAYE. As Cornish names, from Aay, hey^ an
enclosure or a churchyard. There are places named Hay
in Ladock, Quethiock, and St. Breock.
HELBREN. From hdUhren, the woody hill.
HELIGAN, formerly De Haligan. From helygan,
the willows. The manor of Heligan in St. Ewe was
anciently the inheritance of the Whitleighs of Efford in
Devonshire. Hals writes the name of the hamlet Hal-
liggon ; and Tonkin, Heligon. Cf. Haligan in St. Maben.
E
50 PATRONYMICA
HELLAND. From the parish of Helland in Trigg
hundred. Hals says the name refers to the church, and
signifies the hall, college, temple, or church. Tonkin says
hel and hele are Cornish pronunciations of the Eng. kall^
atrium, and that this word was applied to churches as well
as gentlemens houses in various parts of England ; as
Helldon Rectory in Norfolk : Hailing, Kent, &c. ; but that
according to the parishioners the name is a contraction of
Helen's Land, the church being dedicated to St. Helena,
mother of Constantine. I derive the name from hellariy
ellan, the elms ; or from hal-land, hdl-lauy the moor enclosure.
HELLER. See Helyar.
HELLMAN. From hel-maen, the stony hill ; or Ml-
maeriy the stony moor.
HELLYAR, HELLYER. See Hklyar.
HELSDON. From the parish of Helstone or Helston;
from hal'laS'toUf the hill by a green moor.
HELYAR, HELLYAR, HELLYER, HELLER. From
hellier, helwar, a huntsman.
HEMPEL. From hedn-pol, the old pool ; or the old
head or promontory ; or the head of the bay, port, or
haven.
HENDER. Lower says the name Hender was originally
spelt Hondo wer, and that the Hondo wers are said to have
originated in Wales ; that the elder branch became extinct
about temp. Hen. VIII., but that younger branches, who had
abbreviated the name to Hender, were living near Camels-
ford a few years since. The name in both Welsh and
Cornish might translate " old water " (W. hen-dwr; Corn.
hedn-dower). Hinder and Hender are perhaps the same
name. But see Hendra.
COBNU-BBITANNICA. 5 1
HENDIN. From hen-din, the old fortified hill.
HENDRA, HANDRA. From Hendra, name of places
in Kenwyn, St. Dennis, and Mawgan in Meneage ; or from
Hendre in Madron ; from hen-dre^ -dra^ the old town ; or
from Hendora in Cury ; from hedn-^ur, the old water.
HENDY. From hen-ty, the old house.
HENNA. From hen, hedn^ old ; or a Cornish form of
Hen, for Henry.
HENNOR. From hen^oar, the old earth or land ; or
hen-aire {arth\ the old head or promontory.
HENWOOD. From hedn-coed, the old wood. There is
a place named Henwood in Linkinhorne.
HEXT. (Found written Hexte and Hex.) This name
may be from hext, used by Chaucer for " highest ;" A. S.
Jiexta ; G. hochst, compar. of hocfi, high. Hexte is found
as a German name. It may also be of Cornish origin, for
Tonkin derives Hexworthy, the name of a barton in Lan-
whitton or Lawhitton, from hesk, hesken, a reed or bulrush ;
and Hext may be derived from a plural^ perhaps heskydd,
HINDER. See Hender.
HINDOM. From hen-don, the old hill.
HINGASTON, HINGESTON, HINGSTON. There
are Hingston Downs in Callington ; Hen-gas-don would
signify the old dirty hill ; but these names may also be
derived from the parish of Hinxton, co. Cambridge ; perhaps
from Hingest's town.
HOSKEN, HOSKIN, HOSKING, HOSKYN, HOS-
KINS. From Park-Hoskin, the park of rushes.
HOTTAN, HOTTEN, HOTTON, HOYTEN. Corn-
ish forms of Otto, gen. Ottonis, for Ottavio, L. Octavius.
Hence Eutin, a town of N. Germany, cap. princip. Liibeck.
E 2
52 PATRONYMICA
Lower suggests that the surnames Hotten, Hotton may be
from Hoton, co. Leicester ; or Hoton-Pagnel, co. York.
HOTTON, HOYTEN. See Hottan.
HUGOE. A Cornish form of Hugo, t. e. Hugh, from
D. hoog, great. There is a place in Keor called Hugos.
HURDON. From Hurden in Alternun. Qu. from hir^
don, the long hill.
HUTH. From huthy high, also loud, delusion, fasci-
nation ; sometimes for cuth, sorrow, grief. Lower thinks
the surname Huthwaite is from Husthwaite, a parish in York-
shire.
HUTHNANCE. From huth-nance, the high valley, the
valley of delusion, or the valley of sorrow or grief (huth
for cuth).
I.
IDLESS (De). " From Edles or Ideless, i. e. narrow
breadth (in Kenwyn), formerly the voke lands of a con-
siderable manor, was denominated a family of gentlemen
surnamed De Idless, whose heir was married to Hamley,
temp. Edw. IIL" {Hals.) This etymology, which would
seem to be from ydn narrow, les broad, is hardly reasonable,
and the name may be connected with that of St. Ide, a
manor mentioned by D. Gilbert under St. Issey. Ide-less
would signify the court or hall of Ide.
INGE, INCH. See Ennes.
INDEAN. See Endean.
CORNU-BRITANKICA. 53
J.
JACA, JACKA, JAGO, JAGOE, JAJO. Hals says
jago, gagoy in Sco. and Ir. signifies an island, and he refers
to Floyd's Sco.-Ir. Diet. These names are rather Cornish
forms of James. Cf. the Sp. lago. Hence the surnames
Jaca, Jacka.
JEWEL, JEWELL. From yuhal, high, tall, lofty ; or
from Hewell, a dim. of Hugh. Lower thinks Jewell cor-
rupted from the Fr. Jules, u e, Julius. The name of the
family of Jew that inherited the manor of Trerice in New-
lin is probably corrupted from Hugh.
JOSE. A Cornish form of Joseph.
K.
KALINKISS. From gilly-kus^ the wood or grove of
hazels.
KALYNACK. See Keltnack.
KANDLE. Perhaps the same name as Kendall, q, v.
KARKEEK. See Cargbbge.
KARN. See Carnb.
KARRAMORE. From car^veor, the great rock.
KARROW. See Carew.
KASTELL. See Kestle.
KAYMERLLMARTH. This name is mentioned by
C. S. Gilbert as a surname, temp. Eliz., in a '^ list of the
54 PATEONYMICA
members who have served in parliament for Bossiney since
the time of Edw. VI." It may be from chy 'marl-mart h^
the wonderful or high dwelling of marl ; or the same as
the local name Kilmar, Kilmarh, Kilmarth, whicli Prjce
renders, ** the great, the horse, or the wonderful grove."
KEAM. From cheim^ the ridge of a hill ; a promon-
tory.
KEARNZEW. See Carnsew.
KEAST. See Gist.
KEAT, KEATE, KEED, KEET. Hals says keate,
ceate, signifies in British fallacy, cheat, or delusion ; but
these names, as well as Keyte, Kite, are more probably from
cot (W. cwt), a cot, sty ; or from root of Coode, q. v.
KEEVIL. See Kivell.
KEGERTHEN. From he-gerthen, the quickset hedge.
KEIR. When a Cornish name, from car, a rock.
KEGWIN, KEIGWIDDEN, KEIGWIDN, KEIG-
WIN, KEIGWYN, KEIWIDDEN. See Chegwidden.
KELLAN. This name may be from ke-lan, the church
or place enclosed with a hedge. See also Kelland.
KELLAND. From Kelland in Trigg hundred, perhaps
etymologically connected with Helland ; or the same name
as Kellan, q. v. Kil is a neck or promontory, and kelin a
holly-tree.
KELLEY. See Kelly.
KELLIGREW. See Killigrbw.
KELLY, KELLEY. As Cornish names, from kelly,
kelliy the grove.
KELLIO, KELLIOW, KELLYOW. Most probably
the same name and family; from Kelliow, in Cor nelly;
from killioWy the groves.
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 55
KELLOCK. From killy-oke^ the oak grove ; or ih'%-
och^ the grove place.
KELLOW. From Kellow in Lansalloes ; from killiow^
the groves.
KELLYOW. See Kellio.
KELSEY. From Kilsey or Kelsey in Cubert ; from
htl'Zeh, the dry neck of land. Kelsey is however the appel-
lation of two parishes co. Lincoln.
KELYNACK, KALYNACK. From kelynn-eck, a place
where holly-trees grow (kelin^ a holly-tree). This name is
rendered famous by Mary Kalynack, who, at the age of 84,
walked from the Land's End to London to see the Great
Exhibition, and to pay her respects personally to the Lord
Mayor and Lady Mayoress. But see Killignock.
KEMBER. See Kimber.
KEMELL. See Kymyell.
KENDALL. The general opinion seems to be that this
family is of different origin from that of the Kendalls of
Westmoreland, whose name is derived from Kirby-in-
Kendale, i. e. the church dwelling (Jcirk-hy) in Kent-dale.
Hals says, " Kendall signifies to see or behold the dale or
valley ; otherwise Kendall or Cendall is fine linen ; and
Cendale may be a corruption of Pendall, «. e, the head of
the valley." The name may mean the house in the valley
{chy^n'd6l\ or the neck of the dale (conna-dol). Hence
perhaps Kendal and Kendle.
KERAKOSSE. From car-kus, the rocky wood.
KERGECK, KERGEEK. See Cargeege.
KERKIN. From car-^wyn, the white rock.
KERNICK. From Kernick in St. Stephen's, or Kernick
in Helland ; from camtcky rocky; or carn'icky the rocky place.
66 PATRONYMICA
KERNOW. See CuRNOfi.
KERWAN. From car-ban, the high rock, or the rocky
hill ; or car-vean, the little rock or castle.
KESKEYES. From chy-akez, the house in the shady
place. Pryce renders Skewys in Cury " the shady
place.*'
KESTAL, KESTEL, KESTELL, KESTLE. From
Kestle in Ladock, or Kestle Wartha in Manaccan ; said to
have been named from a British camp or fortification for-
merly upon the lands, or near the sea-coast ; .from kastal^
kestelly a fort or castle. The arms of this family are Ar-
gent, three falcons Proper ; also Or, three castles turreted,
Gules. There are other places in Cornwall with the ad-
junct Kestell, and the surnames Kastell and Kistle are ety-
mologically the same name.
KEVEAR. From ke-veor^ the great hedge ; or kea-veor,
the great enclosure.
KEVEREL. From keverel, ckeverel, a kid or little
goat. Scawen translates Keverel, " a he-goat or he-goats,
that creature taking most delight, as it is observed, in the
cliffs thereabout."
KEVERN, KEVERNE. Hals says of the local name
St. Keverne, "as for the modern name, whether it be derived
from the Sax. geferon, geforan, geuorany synonymous words,
signifying a fraternity, seers, equals, fellows, inspectors,
with reference to the six, eight, or twelve men of this '
parish who, as body politic, corporation, or fraternity,
govern the same in joint or equal manner ; or from the
Brit, keveren, as schism, separation, or division in church
matters or religion (see Lluyd upon Schisma) ; or from
Kieran, a famous bishop among the Britons about the fifth
COENU-BRITANNICA. 57
century, who perhaps was horn in this place; and is the
.tutelar guardian and patron of this church ; and to him also
is dedicated St. Kieran rectory, in decanatu Chrlstianitatis
in Exeter; of which every man may think as he please"!
There wtts, it seems, a St. Keven, Kevern, or Keverne.
The name however may be from ke-voran, -voren, the
foreigner's hedge or enclosure. Hence the name Kivern.
KEYMER. From root of Kyvebe, q. v,
KEYTE. See Keat.
KILGAT. See Killigabth.
KILLEGREW. See Killigbew.
KILLICK. From killy-ich, the grove place.
KILLIGARTH (by corruption KILGAT). From an
estate in Talland, which was in possession of the family up
to the time of Henry VI. ; from kelli-arth^ the high grove.
The last part of the name may also be from garz, a hedge.
KILLIGNOCK (De). From Killignock (found Checke-
nock) in St. Wenn, " where this family flourished in good
fame for many generations till temp. Hen. VIII." This
name may be from kelli-cnoCy the hill in the grove. Keled^
nack, kalonky is valiant, stout ; kaloneky hearty ; colannaky
courageous, stout, hearty ; from coUmy the heart. But see
Keltnack.
KILLIGREW, KILLIGREWE, KILLYGREW, KIL-
LEGREW, KELLIGREW (in charters CHELIGRE-
VUS). From a manor in the parish of St. Erme, where
this celebrated family resided from an early date down to
the reign of Rich. II. ; from kelli-^rew, the crane's grove
(Pryce says eagle's grove). The arms of the family are a
spread eagle.
KILTER. A family that may have given name to Kil-
68 PATBONTMICA
ters in Eea. D. Gilbert mentions Kilter in St. Keverne as
the birthplace of, and as probably belonging to, the Kilter
family. The name may come from kil^our, the neck of
land or promontory by the water,
KILVERT, From killy-verth, the whitethorn grove.
KILWARBY. From ktl-war-vy, the grove upon (i. c.
by) the water. There was a Robert Kilwarby, archbishop
of Canterbury, temp. Wm. I.
KIMBER, KYMBER (KEMBER ?). From South
Kimber ; from kthn-bery the little valley, defile, or pass.
Kum-ver would mean the great valley.
KINGDON (KINGDOM ?). A family which has flou-
rished in Cornwall and Devon for some centuries. The
name would appear to have been borrowed from Kingdon,
an estate near Sharrow, in the former county. {Lower,)
Doubtless the same name as Congdon, q, v,
KISTLE. See Kestlb.
KITE. See Keat.
KITTO, KITTOW. Cornish forms of Kit, for
Christopher.
KIVELL, CHIVELL, CHIVEL. From kevel, a horse.
Keevil, Caval, and Cavall would seem to be the same name.
Cf. Nankivel and Penkevil.
KIVERN. See Kevern.
KNAVA or NAVA. Hals gives the British words nave,
nava, nawe, knawe, and he seems to* think the name may
have meant "a servant, steward, ambassador, minister, or
messenger of God, Christ, his king, prince, or other master,"
and he says, *^ it is a name of office of one that is a substi-
tute or viceregent, and acts under another." Cf. the A. S.
cnapa, cnafa (Plat. D. knaap, G. knabe), a boy, young man.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 59
" John Knava^ of Godolphin, Esq., was struck sheriff of
Cornwall by Hen. Vn. in 1504." (Hals.)
KNIVER. From kein-veor, the great ridge or promon-
tory {kein for cheim),
KNIVET, KNYVETT. Found written Knyvet, De
Knyvet, Knivat, Knevett, De Knevet. Ferguson con-
siders the name Knevett a diminutive of Cniva, an early
Gothic name. Camden, with more reason, thinks Knyvett
a corruption of Dunevit ( Dunheved). Borlase is of opinion
that the ancient Cornish local name Dunheved (near Laun-
ceston) is a Saxon compound, signifying " the head of the
hill." According to Baxter, Dunevet is the same as Nemeto-
tacium (properly, as in Ravennas, Nemetomagum), in which
Br. Willis agrees, Nemet in Cornish being pronounced Nevet,
and dun substituted for maguSj for pagus, a town or village;
further that dun-huedh signifies in Cornish " the swelling
hill," but dun-hedh " the long hill ;" from which latter cir-
cumstance he imagines it was called Lanceestre and Lan-
cestre-town.
KUMPE. See Gumb.
KYMBER. See Kimber.
KYMYEL. From a place in the parish of Paul,
anciently the residence of the family. See Ktmtell.
KYMYELL or KEMELL. From Kymyell in St.
Buryan ; from kum-yuhaly the high valley ; or k^m-yoult the
devil's valley. KAm-mel, -meal would signify the vale of
honey. Kymyel is probably the same name.
KYVERE. From chy-veor^ the great house.
60 PATRONYMICA
L.
LAIT. See Laitt.
LAITY, From Laity in Lelant ; from lait-ty, the dairy
or milk-house. Hence perhaps the names Leuty, Lait,
and Late. Laity is found as a French name.
LAMBADARN. From lan-Badarn, the church of St.
Badarn, t. c. St. Paternus. There are several places in
Wales named Llanbadarn.
LAMBILLION. From lau'velin, the mill place ; or Ian-
vylgauy the place of the seaman. Cf. Trevelyan. But see
Lamelin.
LAMBORN. See Lambron.
LAMBREY. A probable corruption of Lambrick, q. v.
It may however be from lan-bry, the church hill, or the
hill enclosure.
LAMBRICK, From Lambrigan, a corruption of Lam-
bourne- Wigan in Perranzabuloe ; from lan^wigaUy the little
enclosure.
LAMBRON, LAMBORN. From Lambourn, in old
deeds Lan Bron, an estate in the parish of Perranzabuloe ;
from laH'bron^ the hill enclosure. There is a place called
Lambourne in Ruan Lanihorne.
LAMELIN, LAMELLIN, or LAMELLYN. From
Lamellion, an estate in the parish of Lantegloss, near
Fowey, anciently the seat of the family ; from lan-melliny
the mill place. Pryce gives Lanmellion, Lan Mellin, the
mill place.
LAMPECK. See Lampbnc.
CORNU-BBITANNICA, 61
LAMPEER. From laU'Ver, the great enclosure.
LAMPEN. See Lampenc.
LAMPENC. From the manor of Lampenc ; from lan-
Pennocky the church of Pennock. Lampen and Lampeck are
possibly the same name.
LANER. From Laner or Lanher in St. Allen, which
Hals renders " tempter." He says, ** At the time of the
Norman Conquest this district of St. Allen was taxed
under the jurisdiction of Laner or Lanher, t. e. tempter ; so
called for that long before that time was extant upon that
place a chapel or temple dedicated to God in the name of
St. Martin of Tours, the memory of which is still preserved
in the names of St. Martin's fields and woods, heretofore per-
haps the endowments of that chape] or temple, &c. 8cc." But
as Lanher, according to Hals, was formerly a wood, may not
the name be derived from lanherch, a forest, a grove ? In-
deed Pryce writes the name Lannar, and suggests that it
may be so derived. There is Lannarth in Gwennap, Lanner
in Kea, and Laneer in Lansalloes. Laner Castle occurs in
William of Worcester's Itinerary, and D. Gilbert mentions
one Lannar {q. v.) who was connected with the Chynoweth
family. See D. Gilbert, 111, 125.
LANCE, LAUNCE. From Ian, a church ; or perhaps
rather from nans, a valley. Cf. the local name Lansladron
or Lanhadron, for Nansladron.
LANDARY. See Landrbt.
LANDEG. Perhaps from Landege, found Landegey,
Landegge, Landigge, and Landigay, the former name of
Kea ; from lan-teage, the fair church.
LANDER. In Cornwall and Devon the man stationed
at the mouth of the shaft of a mine to receive the kibble or
62 PATBONYMICA
bucket is called the lander ; but this name maj be from Ian*
dour, the church near the water; or lan-dar, the church
oak. Lander was the name of the celebrated African tra-
vellers, natives of Truro, one of whom discovered the
course of the Niger.
LANDEW. From Landew in Lezant ; God's enclosure,
or the churchyard, the sanctuary (Zan-Di^e, Dew) ; or from
Ian-dew, the black enclosure or church.
LANDREY, LANDRY. From lan-dre, the church
dwelling ; lan-drea, the principal church ; or lan-dreath,
-draitk, the church on the sand or sandy shore. Hence
perhaps Landary and Laundry.
LANDSWORTH. For Nansworth ; from nans-worth, the
high valley. Cf. the local name Lansladron, for Nansladron.
LANDZELLE. From Launcells parish; so called, ac-
cording to Tonkin, from being a cell to the abbey of Hart-
land in Devonshire (Ian, an enclosure or church).
LANFEAR. Lower refers this name to Lanphear,
which Arthur derives from Gael, lann-fear, a pikeman.
The name is found in Cornwall, and may be derived from
locality ; from lan-veor, the great church.
LANGAN, LANIGAN. Lan-igans would signify
twenty churches ; but see Langon, Lanton.
LANGDON. There are families of this name from
parishes in Essex, Kent, &c. The Langdons of Cornwall
ai*e from Laugdon, " long hill," in the parish of Jacobstow,
their ancient patrimony.
LANGFORD. The Cornish family of this name derives
from Roger de Langford, sheriff of Cornwall in 1255, who
took his surname from his estate of Langford, in the parish
of Marham Church. (C S, Gilbert) The name is probably
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 63
from lau'vordh, the great enclosure ; or lau'/ord^ the charch
way. Other families of this name are from parishes in cos.
Bedford, Berks, Norfolk, Essex, Somerset, Notts, Wilts,
&c. ; but their name signifies " long ford.'*
LANGHAIRNE. See Lanhekne.
LANGHERNE. To this family belonged the gigantic
Gromwellian soldier, John Langherne, who is said to have
been seven feet six inches in height, and proportionately
active and strong. (C7. S. Gilbert,) The same name as Lan-
herne, q. v.
LANGON. From lan^gon, the dwelling on the down, or
from root of Lanyon, q. v.
LANHADERN, LANHEDRAR. From the manor of
Lanhadarn, var. Lanhaddame, Lanhadden, Lansladarne, in
St. Eve, which Hals renders " the thieves or robbers*
place {lan-lader). Pryce however says, " Lanhadron,
Lansladron, rect^ Nansladron, the valley of thieves."
These names may however be the same with the Welsh
local name Llanedarn, said to have been so called from St.
Ederyn.
LANHERCH. See Lenhorgt.
LANHERNE. From the manor of Lanherne, in the
parish of St. Mawgan, where a family called Pincerna
(Med. Lat. for cup-bearer) settled and adopted the local
name as their surname. They became extinct in the elder
line temp. Edw. L The name is from lanhem, the sanc-
tuary; literally the iron church or enclosure (lan-hoam).
Hence the names Langhairne and Langherne.
LANHIDROCK. From the parish of Lanhidrock in
Pider hundred; from lan'Hidrock^ the church of St. Hi-
drock. There is a place named Llanhidrock in Wales.
64 PATBONYMICA
LANIGAN. See Langan.
LANINE. See Lanton.
LANNAR. See Lenhorgt.
LANNERGY. From root of Lenborgy, q, v.
LANNING. See Lanton.
LANTEGLES, LANTEGLOS. From Lanteglos-by-
Fowey ; or Lantegles, Lanteglos in Camelford parish ; from
lan-egles, the church enclosure. Pryce renders LanUeglos^
the true church (lante, truth).
LANTHOIS. From lan-ihouSy the downward church,
or lan-thew^ the black church.
LAN WORD ABY. From lan-Wordahy, the place or
dwelling of Wordaby ; or lan-wortha-va, the place by the
high stream.
LANXON. Probably from Lansen, the name under
which, according to Hals, St. Stephen's near Launceston,
at the time of the Norman Conquest, was taxed ; from Ian-
san, the holy church.
LANYON (Ian-nine). From Lanyon in Gwinear ; from
lan-eithiuy the furzy enclosure or croft ; or lan-yein, the cold
enclosure. There is also Lanyon in Madron, and some
mention a place named Lanyon in Normandy or Bretagne.
Linyon, Lunyon, Lanine, Lanning, and Lanyon may be
the same surname. But see also La.ngon.
LATE. See Laity.
LATHAN. See Leathan.
LAUELIS. See Levelis.
LAUNCE. See Lance.
LAUNDRY. See Landrey.
LEATHAN. This name may have been originally Ty-
leathan or Boleathan ; from ty-laiUan, or bo-lait-an^ both of
COBNU-BBITANNICA. 65
which would translate the milk-house or dairy; but Lea-
than may also be from le-tan^ the under place.
LE GASSICK. See Tregaskass.
LELAND. From the parish of Lelant, in the hundred
of Penwith. Tonkin translates the name church place (/«•
Ian) ; but Leland writes it Lannant, a church in a valley
{lan^nant),
LELEAN. Another orthography of Leland, q, v.; or
from le-lheariy the place for pilchards.
LENDERYON. This name may be a mistake for Len-
deryow. Both names are found in the Cornwall Directory.
From lan-derUy the enclosure of oaks.
LENDRICK. From lan-dour-icky the place by the
water ; lan^Derrick, the place of Derrick, t. e. Theodoric ;
or lan-derHchy the place of the sexton. The name wouUl
also corrupt from Lanhidrock, q, v,
LENORGY. From the old local name Lanerchy,
Lanergh ; from lanherch or lannar, a forest or grove, a
lawn, a bare place in a wood ; hence Lanherch, also the
place called Lannar in St. Allen, and the surname Lannar.
LEONARD AN. From lyn-ard-aUy the high pond or
pool.
LESBIREL. From les-Birel, the court or hall of Birel.
LESTWITHIEL. See Lostwithiel.
LEUTY. See Laitt.
LEVEDDON. From leven-don, the bare or smooth hill ;
or leh'vidn, the place or dwelling in the meadow. Cf. the
local name Treveddon.
LEVELIS, LAUELIS. From le-eglis, the church place ;
or leu-liSy lion court.
LEWARN, LEWARNE, LE WARNE, LOUARN.
66 PATRONYMICA
Pryce renders Lewarn, Louarn, the fox place ; but does not
give the etymology. It is probably from le, lu-wamen^ the
place of the elder- tree.
LEZARD. From Lizard or Lizart district ; from lis-ardy
the high court, hall, or palace.
LEZEREA. From lis-rea^ the wonderful court or hall (?),
LIDGEY. There is a place called Canalidgey in St.
Issey. Le-gy would signify the place by the river or brook.
Laig is a layman ; lug^ a tower ; lagan, a pond, pool, lake ;
lued, luih, mire, filth.
LILLA.THEW. This name may mean the holy goat or
the black goat. Thew has the various significations of
black, holy, side, and God ; lill is a goat. {Tew, thew, a
side.)
LEMBRICK. Same as Lambrick, q. v.
LINKINHORNE. From Linkinhorne in East hundred ;
properly Lankinhorne, or rather Langanhoarn ; from Ian-
gan-hoam, the iron church or enclosure,
LINYON. See Lanyon.
LISSANT. From Lezant in East hundred, for Lansant ;
from lansant, the holy church, or the saints' church (All
Hallows).
LOE. From loe, lo, loo, a lake or pool. There are East
and West Looe.
LOSTWITHIEL, or LESTWITHIEL. From Lost-
withiel, formerly cap. of Cornwall. Carew translates Lost-
withiel " lion's tail " ! I derive it from les-uthiel, 'uJial,
the lofty palace.
LOUARN. See Lewarn.
LUDDRA. From led, ledra, a cliff or steep hill. Mr.
Robert Luddra built the tower of the church in Mullion in
CORNU-BEITANNICA. 67
Kerrier, and according to D. Gilbert was probably an in-
habitant of the parish in 1600. Ljddra may be the same
name.
LUDGVAN, From Ludvgan near Penzance ; from
ludg-'van^ lud-uan, the high -placed town. [I do not find this
surname, but I have been favoured with it.]
LUGGAN. From the manor of Luggyen Lose, anc,
Ludduham, in St. Ives ; or from Lugvan, vulgo Luduan ;
from lug-van^ the high or high-placed tower (/m^, a tower).
Pryce derives the local name lUogan from Itig-gan, the
white tower ; or lug-gun, the tower on the downs ; or lug^
Mn, the tower hill.
LUNYON. See Lanton,
LUTAY. From lu-teg, the pleasant place ; or luth-ty,
the miry or filthy dwelling. [Utrum horum mavis accipe.]
LYDDRA. See Luddra.
LYNAM, LYNOM. " There are places called Lyneham
in COS. Oxford and Wilts. The family occur in Cornwall
as Lynham at an early period, and the Irish branch are
said to have sprung from that county." (Lower,) Lan-an
in Cornish would mean the enclosure or church ; lyn-aUy the
water.
M.
M ABE. From the village and parish of Mabe in Kerrier
hundred. Hals thinks the name of the vicarage is from
Cornish mah, mahe, a son, in reference to Milorus, son of
Melianus, king or duke of Cornwall, who lies buried in
Milor churchyard ; or that Mab or Mabe, the name of the
church, refers to Jesus Christ, to whose honour it may have
p 2
68 PATBONYMICA
been erected. According to Tonkin, the name of this parish
in the king's book is La Vabe, that is, St. Yabe or Mabe's
Place. One of the nurse names of Abraham is Mabb.
MABIN, MAIBEN, MAYBIN. From the parish of
St. Mabyn or Maiben. Ma-hyn would signify the hill
place. The local name Trevebbyn in Little St. Petroc is
said to mean the boy's town (mah^ a son).
MADAVER, MADDAVER, MADEVEK From med-
veor^ the great place ; or mez-veor, the great meadow.
MADDERN. Perhaps from St. Maddarne or Madran,
a vicarage in Pen with hundred. '* Galfridus Monmothensis
tells us in his chronicle that one Madan was a British king
in these parts before Julius Cassar landed in Britain, and
probably that he lived or died here, in memory of whom
this parish is called Madran, now Maddarne. Here also
is Maddarne well of water, greatly famous for its healing
virtues, of which Bishop Hall of Exeter speaks in his work
entitled the Great Mystery of Godliness, &c." (Hals.)
But see Madbon.
MADRON. A family of some distinction that formerly
dwelt at St. Just, but which is now extinct. The name is
derived from Madern, Madron ; from vdz-dron^ the good or
fruitful hill. Cf. Maddern.
MAGER, MAGOR. From mager, maga, the feeding-
place. Others connect the name Magor with Mauger,
Major, Mayor, and Mayer. See also Makkb.
MAIBEN. See Mabin.
MAIN, MAINE. See Mtne.
MAINPRICE. From mean-prdZy the stony meadow.
Hence the surname Mimpriss.
MAKER. From the parish of Maker in East hundred ;
COKNU-BBITANNICA. 69
from tTO-i&tfr, the dear or charmiDg place ; or ftom va^geare^
the green or fruitful place. But see Magob.
MALYON. From MuUion parish in Kerrier hundred.
*^ As in the valuation of Pope Nicholas in 1291 it is called
Ecclesia Sancte Melanie, and in Archbishop Usher, De Ghris-
tianarum Ecclesiarum, &c., the famous St. Malo is called
St. Mellonus, St. Melanius, and Meloninus Britannus, I
rather take him to have been the patron of this church, and
to have given his name to the parish." (^Tonkin.) Prjce
renders Mull-yon, Mul-yein, Mullion, the bare cold place or
exposure. St. Mellion or St. Melljn in East hundred is
said to have had its name from St. Melania, the patron of
the church.
MANATON, MANETON. From the manor of Mana-
ton in the parish of Hill South, which is said to have been
the seat of the family even before the Conquest, although
the head, Francis Manaton, Esq., some time since removed
to Kilworthy, near Tavistock, which he became possessed of
on the death of his relation, Henry Manaton, Esq. Cf.
Tonkin. The name is probably from mean-^dny the stony
hill. Manaton is the name of a small village on an emi-
nence in King's Teignton, Devon.
MANHANICK, MENHENHICK, MENHENICK,
MENHINACK, MENHINICK. From men-wmnick, the
head or top of the marshes.
MANHANIOT. See Mbnhbnitt.
MANHIRE. From men-heere, the high head or hill; or
tnaen-heerey the high stone.
MAPOWDEB. A family that once possessed the manor
of Pelsew or Peldu in St. Erme, and also Trenance in
Withiel. The name may be connected with that of the
70 PATBONYMICA
hundred of Powdar, "which Pryce translates the province,
country, or hundred of oaks (pou-^dar) ; indeed, Powder
may have been the family name ; and Mab-powder (by
corruption Mapowder) would translate the son of Powder.
Ma may also be from va, a place. Mapother is the name of
a Dublin physician.
MARRACK. From marrek, marhag^ a soldier, horsemaD,
knight ; from marchy a horse.
MAYBIN. See Mabin.
MAYHOW. A Cornish form of Matthew. "The
Mayows of Cornwall originally wrote themselves Mayhew."
(C. S. Gilbert.)
MAYNE. See Mtne.
MEAKER. From root of Magor, q, v.
MEAN. From Mayon or Mean, a small village in
Sennen parish, near the Land's End, where there is a large
stone called Table Mean. The name means " the stone."
But see Mtne.
MEANWELL. From mean-wheal, the stony wheal or
work ; or mean-uhal, the lower stone. Meanwhilly is or
was a local name in the county.
MEASE. From root of Veasb, q. v.
MEATHREL, MEATHRELL, METHERAL, ME-
THERELL. From Metherill in Calstock ; from meatk-
ryely the royal plain ; or mez-ryel, the royal meadow.
MEES. From meas, mes, meZy an open field.
MEHUISH. See Melhuish.
MEIN. See Myne.
MELGESS. From Melgess in St. Agnes, which Pryce
renders the mill wood (melin-gus),
MELHUISH, VELLHUISH. Hals mentions these.
CORNU-BRIT ANNICA. 7 1
among five others, as the names of the chief inhabitants of
Penrin in Gluvias. He says, " The name Melhuish is local,
viz., from the barton or tenement of Melhuish, near Kirton
in Devon, which signifies a lark-bird, or larks." The
Cornish has certainly melhuez^ a lark, which Pryce derives
from mel'hueZy a sweet breath ; or, says he, the bird may
perhaps be so named from pelhudz, a high flight. The local
name however can hardly be derived from a lark ; and the
last syllable is probably from wickj wick, a dwelling. Mell-
huish, Mellish, Mehuish, and Mellows would seem to be the
same name.
MELLADEW, MELLODEW. From melin-thew, the
black mill.
MELLHUISH, MELLISH. See Melhuish.
MELLODEW. See Melladew.
MELLOWS. See Melhuish.
MELYNGISSY. From Melancoose in Golan oi» Colon ;
or Mellingoose in Cornelly ; from melin-giis, the mill wood.
MEN AD AW A. From Menadawa in Camborne. Pryce
renders Menadarva, Menadorva, the watery hill ; or by the
water; or the hill of oaks (men, a head, hill ; dower, water ;
deru, oaks). I take it to be from men-dar-va, the head of
the oak place ; or the head of the watery place.
MENADUE, or MENANDUE. From Mennadue in
Luxulion ; from mean-dew, the black rock.
MENAGWINS. From Menegwins in Gorran ; from
men-gtvyn, the white head or promontory. Hals renders
Mena-Gwins in St. Austell, white hills.
MENEAR, MENNEER. From men-Mr, the long stone ;
or mener, a mountain, a hill. ^ Cf. the names Minear, Miners,
Mynor, Mynors.
72 PATBONTMICA
MENHENHICK, MENHENICK. See Manhanick.
MENHENITT, MANHANIOT. From the parish of
Menheniot (now Menherriot) in East hundred. According
to Hals, the name means the ancient stone gate (Cornish
mean-hen, A. S. gate, geat). Others derive it from menedk^
Neot, (St.) Neot's hill. In the valuation of Pope Nicholas
the name of the parish is written Manyhinyhet or Saihinet.
MENHINACK. See Manhanick.
MENHINICK. See Manhanick.
MENZANT. From men-zanz, which may be variously
rendered the saint's head, the holy or consecrated hill, or
the head of the bay ; or from men-sanz, the holy stone.
MERTHER. From Merther in Powder hundred.
Pryce renders Mer-ther, Mor-dor, on the sea-water. Hals
says, ^^ Merthyr, Murder refers to the tutelar patron and
guardian saint (Cohan) of the church, who was a martyr for
the Christian religion."
METHERAL. See Meathbel.
METHERELL. See Meathrel.
MEVAGISSEY. From Mevagassey in Powder hundred,
which Hals renders " the hill custom ; otherwise Mena*
gasseg, after the Welsh, is the hill and waves of the sea " !
Carew says the church is called Menaguisy from its two
tutelar saints Meny and Isey. In Wolsey's Inquisition
(1521) the church is called St. Menage-zey. Pryce gives
Mene-guissey, Melin-gissy (a village) ; and Meva-gizey,
Mene-guissy, Mellin-guissey (a parish) ; both of which he
renders the mill wood.
MEYN. See Mtne.
MICHELL. Not an uncoi^mon surname in Cornwall.
The name of one family was originally Myohel and Mighe),
COBXU-BBITANNICA. 73
and was so written for many centuries. Tt is merely a
Cornish form of Michael. The proper name of this family
would seem to be Coloryan. " The parish register of Ludg-
van gives births, deaths, and marriages of Mighel de Co-
loryan, from about 1380. The death of John Mychel de
Coloryan at the age of 80 is recorded.'' (Inf. John Mi-
chell, Esq., St. Petersburg.) Under Ludgven or Ludgean
parish, Gilbert says, ''The name of another farm in Ludgean,
which cannot be accidental, requires notice. On this farm
was a well, now destroyed by mines, having, in all probability,
some slight quality of chalybeate. The water acquired an
established reputation for the relief of weak sight, and
hundreds repaired there every year to bathe their eyes.
The farm is named Collurian, and has been time out of
mind." There is still a place and property called Colloryan
in Ludgvan, in possession of the Michell family, one of
which family is now Her Majesty's Consul at St. Petersburg.
The Cornish word culurionem signifies the en trail ; clorian is
a pair of scales ; dory glory, beauty ; but if Gilbert is cor-
rect, the name Collurian is from the Gr. K0\?\jjpi0Vf xoWovpiov,
a collyrian, a medicinal application for the eyes.
MILDREN. This name might be variously rendered the
town for beasts {mil-tren) ; the beasts' hill {mtl'droii) ; the
honey town {meUtren) ; the hill of honey (mel'drori),
MILITON. From the manor of Millaton in Linkin-
home ; from melin-'tony the mill dwelling ; or melin-doriy the
mill hill. Meliii'don would also signify the yellow hill.
MILL. From melyriy a mill.
MILLAN. From meliny the mill. There is a place
called Port Melyn, the mill cove.
MIMPRISS. See Mainprice.
74 PATRONYMICA
MINEAR, MINERS. See Menear.
MINGOOSE. From Mingoose in St. Agnes ; from mm-
gu8^ the kid's wood.
MINTY, MYNTAYE. From Min-ty, which will
variously translate the kid's abode, the stone house or
dwelling, and the dwelling on the edge ; or from men-teg^
the fair head or promontory.
MITHIAN, MYTHIAN. From Methian, formerly
Mithian, in St. Agnes. Hals derives the name '^ from mt-
thuariy i. e. of whey, a notable grange for cows and milk, or, if
Saxon, from my^thyan^ my servant, or villain by inherit-
ance" ! Mithian means rather the feeding-place, from
meihay to feed. The family is now extinct. From this
name, by interchange of / and py we may have the surnames
Fiddian, Fithian, and Phythian.
MOASE. See Vose.
MODERET. From mod-ryd, the dwelling at the ford ;
or mod-rydh, the dwelling in the plain, or the flourishing
dwelling. There is a place called Tremoderet-en-Hell in
Roche, which Hals renders "Aunt's Hall town, a place
heretofore notable for its hall ;" and modereb a harth cer-
tainly does mean " aunt by the mother's side."
MOGrER. Probably from root of Magor.
MOLENNECK. Gilbert translates this name gold-
finches (moleneck), and he gives as the arms a chevron
Sable, between two goldfinches Proper. It more probably
signifies the bare place on or near the brook {moel-in-ick).
MONHURE. From hon^hiry the long dwelling; or
mean-hir, the long stone. But see Manhire.
MONTON. From Monathon (Manaccan) in Kerrier
hundred ; or perhaps rather from Monython in Cury ; from
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 75
bon-tthon, the furzy dwelling. There was a David de Mon-
ton.
MORGAN. From mor-gan, by the sea.
MORTH, MURTH, MURT. According to C. S. Gil-
bert, *^ a branch of the Randall family that resided at or
near Looe assumed the name of Morth or Murth (so written
in Talland church), but retained the arms of Randall.'*
Wm. Morth was sheriff of Cornwall 2 Wm. III. The
name may be from vordh^ a way ; or martk, a wonder, a
marvel ; varth, miraculous, wonderful. The W. marth is
flat, plain, or open. The arms of Murth are, Sable, a chev-
ron between three falcons' legs erased, with bells. Or.
MOYLE. From Moyle near St, Minver, where the
family flourished for several generations. They are said to
have originally descended from the Moyles of Tresurans, in
St. Columb, or the Moyles of Bodmin. The arms of this
family are, Gules, a moyle (mule) passant, Argent. The
name is from moelhy a blackbird; or perhaps rather from
moelf bald, bare (place). Of. the surname Mole, and the
Welsh name Moel signifying " bald."
MUDGAN. See Mudgeon.
MUDGEON, MUDGAN, MUGAUN. « Mudgan, the
name of a place in St. Martin's in Meneage, is a corruption
of Muchan, a sort of chimney (from mog, moge^ smoke),
with a lovour or chimney-hole through the top of the
house for the smoke; from whence was denominated a
family of gentlemen, surnamed Mugaun or Mudgan, whose
sole inheritrix was married to Chynoweth of Chynoweth in
St. Earth, temp. Queen Mary." {Hals,) The name is
probably from mogan, great ; or mod, mud-gan, the place
upon the down.
76 PATBONYMICA
MULBERRY. From Mulfra in Madron ; from moel-vre,
the bald or*bare hill. This is confirmed by Polwhele, who
renders Moel-vre (vulg5 Mulberry) in St. Austell, the bare
hill ; and by Pryce, who translates Mulfra, Mulvera, the
bare hill ; which he also makes a nom. fam.
MULFRA, MULVERA. From Mulfra in Madron.
See Mulberry.
MULVERA. See Mulfra.
MURT, MURTH. See Morth.
M YLOR. From the parish of -Mylor in the hundred of
East Kerrick ; from moel-^r, the stone boundary.
MYNE. From rkeany men (pi. myyn)^ a stone ; or men^ a
head, a hill. Hence Main, Maine, Mayne, Mean, Mein,
Meyn,
MYNON. From mein^n, the stony downs.
MYNOR, MYNORS. See Menear.
MYNTAYE. See Mintt.
MYTHIAN. See Mithian.
N.
NACOTHAN. See Nancothan.
NANCARROW. From Nancarrow in St. Allen, which
Pryce renders the deers' valley, and Tonkin the valley of
brooks (nan-carrow),
NANCE. From nans, nance, nantz, a valley; "properly,"
says Pryce, " a level or plain, a dale." There is a place
called Nants, Nance, or Nans, in Illogan.
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 77
NANCHOLAS. From nan-wollas, the lower valley ; or
nan-golas, the bottom of the vallej. There is a place called
TrecoUas in Alternun.
NANCOLLINS. The valley of Collins, there is
NancegoUan in Crowan.
NANCOTHAN. From Nancothan in Madron, said to
mean " the old valley " (coothy old) ; but it may be from
han-coit^an, "the woody valley" (coif, cotd, a wood). Hence
the name Nacothan. John Nacothan occurs in the copy of
a muster-book for the parish of Redruth in 1500.
NANFAN, NANPHAJ^T, NAJ^FQN. From Nanfan
in the parish of Cury, by some rendered the valley of the
spring or fountain (nan-font). Nan-vown would mean the
deep or low valley. John Nanfan, whose seat was at
Trethewoll or Trethvall in St. £val, was sheriff of Corn-
wall, temp. 7 Hen. VI. Lower says the Nanfans were a
Cornish family of some distinction, which produced, among
other worthies^ John Nanfan, Esq., the first patron of
Cardinal Wolsey, who had been his chaplain.
NANGARTHIAN. From nan-arth-an, the high valley
or plain ; or perhaps rather from nan-garz-aUy the enclosure
in the valley.
NAN JULIAN. From nan-Julian, the valley of Julian.
Julian, Jullian, Julyan, Julyn are not uncommon names
in this county.
NANKERSEY. From Nankersy in Mylor, where some
Dutch settlers built the town of Flushing ; from nans-
hersey, the winding valley.
NANKERVIS. This name is said to mean the vallev
in the beautiful place (nan-kerris, gerry) ; but, according t'
Burlase, Polkerris signifies "lowest stream" (from cerris
78 PATRONYMICA
lowest) ; and, if so, Nankervis may mean lowest valley.
Nawkervis is doubtless the same name.
NANKIVEL, NANKIVELL, NANKEVILL, NAN-
KEVILLE, NANSKEVALL. From Nancklvel in
Mawgan-in-Pyder ; from nan-kevily the horse valley.
NANPHANT. See Nanfan.
NANSAVALLEN. See Nansevallen.
NANSCAWEN, NANSCOWAN. From Nanscawen
in Luxulion ; from nans-scauan, the valley of elder-trees.
NANSCORUS. From Nancor in the parish of Creed ;
from nana-gory the high valley ; or perhaps rather from
nanS'korSy the valley of gorse (korsen) ; or nam-cors, . the
boggy or fenny valley (W. corSy a bog, fen). Scorse ap-
pears to be a Cornish surname.
NANSCOWAN. See Nanscawen.
NANSCUKE. From Nancekuke in lUogan ; from
nance-guik, the village in the valley.
NANSEVALLEN, NANSAVALLEN. From Nance-
vallon in Kea ; from nans-avallauy the valley of apple-
trees.
NANSKEVALL. See Nankivel.
NANSLADRON. From Nansladron (vulgo Lanha-
dron) in St. Ewe, said to be from nans-ladron, the valley
of thieves. Nans-ledron would translate the valley with
cliffs.
NANSPERLAN. Hals says the arms of Nansperian
were. Argent, three lozenges Sable, and that Nansperian
signifies the valley of thorns. If so, the last part of
the name must be from speman, a thorn. The name
would also translate the valley of St. Perran {Nans*
Perran),
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 79
NANSPIAN. A contraction of Nansperian {q, v.) ; or
from nanS'Vean, the little valley.
NANSTALAN. From Nantillan (found Nantellan) in
Creed ; from nanUallan^ the miry valley,
NANSTANCE. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert
in a list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin.
From nans-dinas, the fortress, city, or walled town in the
valley; or nans-danasy the valley for deer (W. danas, dani/Sy
deer).
NAVA. See Knava.
N AWKE RVIS. See Nankervis.
NEAINE. From an-hedn, the bay, port, or haven.
NEPEAN, From nan-pean, for nan^veauy the little
valley.
NEWLING. See Newltn.
NEWLYN. From the parish of Newlyn in Pydar hun-
dred, or from Newlyn in the parish of St. Paul in Penwith.
Pryce thinks Newlyn may be from noath-l^n, the open or
naked lake. Nowth4yn would signify the new pond. Tonkin
says the parish of Newlin {sic) in Pydar takes its name
from and is dedicated to a female saint, Sancta Newlina.
NINESS, NINNES, NINNIS. From Niness in Gwen-
nap, Ninnes in Madron, or Ninnis in Lelant ; from an-ennisy
the island. Nennis (i. e. au'ennis) is also said to mean the
enclosure surrounded by a lane.
NOAL, NO ALE, NOALL. See No well.
NODDER. From Nottar in East hundred ; qy. from
noth-arthy the bare height.
NOELL. See Nowell.
NOOTH. From noaihy noothy noihy bare, naked, exposed,
probably referring to locality. Pryce renders the surname
80 PATRONYMIOA
l^ooth, ^^new." Nuth and Noad would seem to be the same
name.
NOWELL, NOAL, NOALE, NOALL, NOELL.
Cornish forms of Noel.
P.
PARK, PAKEE. From pare, a field, enclosure, park
for beasts. There is a place called Park in the parish of
St. Clement's.
PASCO, PASCOE. A Cornish variation of Pascal, an
old French baptismal name, first imposed on those born at
the season of Pasche or Easter.
PATHERICK. See Petherick.
PEARDEN, PE ARDON. From per-den, the pear-hill.
PEARN. From pern, sadness, regret ; or beam, a child.
Hence, no doubt, Pearne and Peern.
PEDIGREE. See Pettigrew.
PEDRICK. See Petherick.
PEERN. See Pearn.
PELLEW, PELLOW, PILLOW, are doubtless the
same name. Lower, under Pellew, says Lord Exmouth's
family are of Coruish origin ; and he seems to think that
the name is a Tariation of Bellew, which he considers of
Norman origin, from bel-eau {hella^ujua), the fair water,
the designation of some locality, as Belleau parish in co.
Lincoln. As Cornish names, Pellew, &c., may be derived
from the pi. of pil, a sea-ditch, trench filled at high water,
a manor, lordship.
PELNIDDON. From Pelniddon in St. Austell, which
CORNU-BRITANNIC A. 8 1
Tonkin renders " the top of the ford *' (pol-nyd). He says
Pelniddon was a knightly family.
PEMBER. From pen-ber^ the short head, little promon-
tory. The name Henrico de la Pombre is mentioned as a
witness in a deed made by Simon de Alls, in which he gave
the manor of Laneseley to the Prior of St. German's and
others. (See D. Gilbert, ii. 119.) Pember, Pombre may
be the same as what Leland calls Pembro. *' From Godol-
can to Pembro, &c."
PEMEWAN, PERME WAN. From pen-mean, the head
of the stone or rock ; or the stony promontory. Ber-mean
would translate the short stone.
PEN, PENN. From pen, a head, hill. . Hence perhaps
the names Penna, Benny, Benney, Pinney.
PENALMICK, PENALMICKE, anc. De PENAL-
MICK. From the barton and manor of Penalmicke in
Stithians, which Hals renders " the head or chief coat-of-
mail armour ; so called for that such armour was made
or lodged in this place in former ages by the possessors
thereof." The name is rather from pen-elan-ick, the head
of the elms' place.
PENALUNA. From pen-lyn, the head of the pond or
' pool.
PENALURICK. See Penhalurick.
PENARTH. From pen-arth, the high or lofty head.
PENBERTHY. From Penberthy ; from pen-berth, -verth,
the green top. Pryce renders " berthy, to bear, to carry ;
Treberthes in Veryan, the bearing or fruitful place."
PENBERY. From pen-bry, the head of the hill ; or
pen-bry, the head of the clay.
PENBETHA. From pen-bedJwu, the head of the graves.
a
82 PATRONTMICA
PENBETHY. (A name found in the United States.)
From Penbetha or Penberthy, q. v.
PENCAROW, PENCARROW. From an estate in
Ejlos-Hayle, which had an old family of gentlemen of its
own name as owners down to the reign of Henry VII. {Hals.)
There is or was a village called Pencarow in Advent. Hals,
after referring to another etymology, "j5«w-carow,|>m-caro, alias
pen-caroWy i. e., head deer or chief deer, formerly part of the
Peverells' deer-park, and from thence so denominated as some
think," considers the name to be " from pen-caer-ou or pen-caer'
ow, i. e., my head castle or city, intrenched or fortified place,
according to the artificial and natural circumstances thereof,
it being on a hill overlooking the contiguous country."
Tonkin says, '* I take the name of Pencarrow to be of a much
more ancient date than the first bringing of deer into this
laud, and that the name is taken from the natural circum-
stances of the place, as compounded of pen^car-ow^ head-
rock-ry ; for in this place is digged a quarry of bright clear
freestone, that works with tool, plane, or hammer, ec^al to
any other in Cornwall, as may be seen by the beautiful
house Sir John Molesworth has built with it, &c." Fen'
carew would translate the head place of the deer; pert'
caraUy the stag's head ; pen-carrow^ the head of the rock ;
pen-carrogy the head of the brook.
PENCAVEL. See Penkevil.
PENCOLL. From PencoU in St. Enodor ; from pen-col,
the head of the ridge, or of the promontory {col for kil). Hals
renders PencoU or Pencooth " the head wood, a name also of
old, taken from the ancient natural circumstances of the place."
PENCOOSE. From Pencoose in Kenwyn, or Pencoose
in Perran Arwarthal ; from pen^cus, the head of the wood.
COBNU-BBITANNICA. 83
PENDAR, PENDER, PENDRE. From Pentre or
Pendrea in the parish of Burian ; from pen^rea, the head
towD, or pen-davy the head of the oak. The Pendars were
seated at TVevidden in Burian for upwards of five centuries.
PENDARVES, PENDARVIS. From Pendarves in
Camborne ; from pen-dar-vizy the head of the oak-field.
PENDEEN, PENDENE. From Pendeen in St. Just ;
which Pryce renders " head man's place." It is more pro-
bably from pen-den^ 'din^ the head of the hill.
PENDENNIS. From the castle of Pendenis or Pen-
dunes (ancient name of St. Ives) ; from pen-^inaz^ -dinas,
the peninsula or fortified headland ; or, according to Cam-
den, the head fort, fortress, or fortified place.
PENDER, PENDRE. See Pendab.
PENDERAY, PENDRY. From root of Pendered,
q, V.
PENDERED, PENDRED. From pen-draith, the head
of the sands (draitk, gravel, sand, the sandj shore covered
at high water). But see Pendab.
PENDRY. See Pendebat.
PENELIGAN. See Penhaligon.
PENESTONE, PENEYSTONE. See Pentstone.
PENFERN. From Penwame, the appellation of several
places in Cornwall ; from pen-wame^ -wem, -gwemy the
head of the alder-trees ; or it may be the same with Pen-
foune, q. v. The manor of Kennal in Stithians belonged to
Matthew Penfern, temp. Edw. IT.
PEN FOUND. This family, who are traced eight gene-
rations beyond 1620, derived their name from the estate of
Penfound in Poundstock. "They ruined tnemselves by
their adherence to the Stuarts ;'' and Ambrose Penfound,
G 2
84 PATRONTMICA
who alienated the estate of his ancestors, died at Dartmouth
about 1764. (C. ^S^. Gilbert,) From root of Penfoune, q, v.
PENFOUNE, PENFOWNE. Tonkin mentions a Pen-
foune in Poundstock as the seat of a very ailcient family
from thence denominated. Hals renders ** Pen-fon, now
Penfowne, in Poundstock, the head well, spring of water,
or fountain ;" but the name more probably means *' the head
of the well." Hence the names Pen found and Pin found.
PENGARSICK. From Pengarswick in St. Breock in
Kerrier, concerning which Hals says, " Pen-gar-wick, in this
parish, also Pen-gars-wick, id est^ the head word or com-
mand, fenced or fortified place ; so called from the command
or authority of the lord thereof heretofore in these parts»
and the strength of the house and the tower thereof;
otherwise Pen-gweras-ike, i. e,, the creek, cove, or bosom
of waters, head help, as situate upon the sea, or waters of
the British Channel " ! Pryce translates Pen-gersick, the
green headland {pen-geare-ick ?)\ but it may also come from
pen-garz-icky the head of the hedge place.
PENGELLY, PENGELLEY, PENGILLY, PEN-
GILLEY, PENGILLAY, PENGULLY. From Pen-
gelly in Blisland, Pengelly in St. Teath, or Pengilly in
Creed ; from pen-gilly, -g^Hy^ the head of the grove.
PENGLAZE, PENGLASE. From Penglaze in Crowan,
or Penglaze in Kenwyn ; from pen-glase, -glaze^ the green
head or promontory.
PENGOLD. From Pengold in St. Gennys ; from pen-
goly the holy head, or pen-col^ the head of the ridge.
PENGOVER. From Peugover in Menherriot ; from
pen-govevy the head of the brook.
PENGREE. From pen-grauy the head of the sand or
COBNU-BBITANNICA. 85
gravel ; or from Pengreep in Gwennap, from peu'greab,
-crib, the head of the rock.
PENGUICK. From Penkuke in Gennys ; from pen-
kuke, 'Quiky the head village, or the head of the village.
PEN GULL Y. See Pbngbllt.
PENH ALE, PENH ALL. From Penhale, the name of
places in Davidstow, Duloe, Gwinear, Ladock, Lanivet, and
the Luxulion, and of a manor in Perranzahuloe ; from pen^hdl,
head of the moor. Hals says, '* In Domesday, Eyles-keiTy
(1087) was taxed under the name of Pen-hall-an, now Pen-
heale, then and still the voke-lands of a considerable manor."
Tonkin calls it Penhele or Penhale, which he renders the
head of the river. Penhell and Penheale are doubtless the
same name. Of. Penhallow.
PENHALIGON, var. PENELIGAN, PENLIGAN.
From pen-helygaUy the head of the willows. Cf. Pen-
hellick.
PENH ALL. See Penhale.
PENHALLINYK. From pen-elin-icky the head of the
angular place ; or pen-elan-icky the head of the place of
elms. Warin Penhallinyk was Prebendary of the monas-
tery of Penryn, Rector of St. Just in Roseland, Vicar of
Wendron and of the adjoining parish Stithyans. Cf. Pen-
almick.
PENHALLOW. From an estate in Philleigh, where
the family dwelt from temp. Edw. III. till the middle of
the 18th century ; also the appellation of places in Newlyn
and Perranzahuloe. The name is derived from pen-halloWy
the head of the moors. Cf. Penhale.
PENHALURICK. From Penhalurick, which Polwhele
renders the head of the rich moors (perhaps pen-hdl-rik).
86 PATBONTMICA
Penalurick, Penularick, Penhaluwick, Penlirick, Penlerick,
are merely different forms of the same name.
. PENHALUWICK. See Pbnhalubick.
PENHEALE. From Penheale in Alternun. But see
Penhall.
PENHELL. From Penhell, a tenement in St. Michael
Penkevil. But see Penhale.
PENHELLICE. From an estate in the parish of St.
Clements, where the elder branch became extinct at an
early period ; from pen-hellik^ the head of the willows.
Penhellick is also the appeUation of places in Broadoak and
Ulogan. Cf. Penhaligon.
PENIKETT, PENKET, PENKETH. See Penniket.
PENKETH. See Penniket.
PENKETHLY. Perhaps from Penkelly in Pelynt;
from root of Pengelly. But see also Penkbth.
PENKETHMAN. From pen-coet-maen^ the head of the
woody place ; or pen-coet-mdn, the head of the little wood.
PENKEVIL, PENKIVIL, PINKERVIEL, PEN-
CAVEL. From the manor or barton of Penkevil St.
Michael, in Powdre hundred, where the family flourished
till the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The local name is de-
rived from pen-kevilf the horse's head.
PENLEASE, PENLEZ. From Penlees in St. Breock ;
from pen-glase, the green head ; or pen-leaSy ^leeSf the head
of the open.
PENLEE. From pen-lCy the head of the place. Pryce
renders it the head or point of land projecting. Penley
would seem to be the same name.
PENLERICK. See Penhalurick.
PENLEY. See Penlee.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 87
PENLEZ. See Penlease.
PENLIGAN. See Penhaligon.
PENLIRICK. See Penhalubick.
PENLYER. From pen-leavy the head of the sea (Ir.
lear^ the sea). Pen-l'&ar would signify the head of the gar-
den ; pen-ledr^ the head of the cliff or steep hill.
PENMAN. From pen-maeny the head of the rock, or
the stone head or promontory.
PENN, PENNA. See Pen.
PENNALYKY. From pen^hellik, the head of the wil-
lows. There is a Pennellick in Peljnt. Cf. Penhellick
and Penhaligon.
PENNANT. The well-known Pennant family are from
the parish and township of that name, co. Montgomery.
The Cornish family are from Pennant in St. Endellion,
or Pennant in St. Cleer ; from perir-nanty the head of the
7ale.
PENNECK, PENNERKES, PENNICK, See Pin-
irooE.
PENNIKET, PENIKETT. From the ancient family
of Pentquit and De Pencoit, that lived at Penquite in Giant,
temp* Hen. III. and Edw. I. The name is from pen^qutte,
-coity the head or top of the wood. Penquite is the appella-
tion of places in Blisland, St. Breward, and Lanivet ; and
tbere is a Penquitte in Landrake ; and Pole gives Pennycot
and Penquit as the name of places in Devonshire. Penket,
Penketh are the same name.
PENNO. See Penkow.
PENNOCK. See Pinnock.
PENNO W, PENNO. From pedmw, the great head ;
w pennouy a hill.
88 PATEONYMICA
PENPHRAISE. See Penpiuse.
PENPONS. From Penpons, an estate in the parish of
St. Kew, formerly the property of the family ; from pen"
pons, the head of the bridge.
PENPRASE, PENPRAZE. From pen-prds, the head
of the meadow. Hence Penfraze, Penprice, and the U.S.
name Penphraise.
PENPRICE. See Penprasb.
PENRHYN. See Penrin.
PENBICE. From an estate in the parish of St Austell.
Pryce translates the name, the head of the fleeting ground
{penrricey "Veea). Penrice, however, is the name of a castle
and manor, written anc. Pen-Rhys, co. Glamorgan, where a
family of this name resided in early times.
PENRIN, PENRHYN. From Penryn in Kerrier hun-
dred ; from penrin, for peu'ruan, the head or promontory
of the channel ; but, according to some, the head of the
hill (peu'rhyn),
PENROSE. From Penrose, the name of places in Blis-
land, Luxulion, and Sithney ; from peri'TOse, the head oi
the valley; according to Gilbert, the hill of the heatb
(peri'TOs). Hence, by corruption, the names Perose and
Bemrose.
PENRUDDOCK, PENRUDDOCKE. Lower says oi
Penruddocke, ''The family first appear at Arkelby, ca
Cumberland; but as there is, in the neighbourhood of tha;
place, in the parish of Greystock, a hamlet so called, thej
are presumed to have originated there. The Encyc. Herald,
however assigns arms to a family of this name in that land
of Pens, Cornwall, and so there may be two local origins
and distinct families. The surname has long been associ-
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 89
ated with Wiltshire and Hampshire." Fen-ruddock would
signify the hill of the robin redbreast ; bat the name is
more probably from pen-rydh'ick^ the place of the red
promontory ; or pen-ryd-ick, the head of the ford place*
PENTER. See Pentirb.
PENTINE. From pen-tin, -din, the head of the fortified
place ; or from the manor of Pentuan in Mevagissey ; or
Pentwan or Pentuan in St. Austell ; both from pen-towan,
"tuany 'tut/n, the head of the sand. banks.
PENTIRE. From Pentire in Endellion ; from pen-tiry
the headland. '' The manor of Pentuan (in Mevagissey)
was the property, and its barton the chief seat, of the
Pentires, after they removed from Pentire in Endellion."
(Z>. Gilbert,^ Penter is the same surname. Penter's Cross
is the appellation of a village in Pillaton, in East hundred.
PENTQUIT. See Penniket.
PENTBEATH. From pen-treatJt, the head of the sea-
shore.
PENULARICK. See Penhalurick.
PENVER. From pen-veory the great head.
PENWARDEN. From pen-warth-en, the high head or
hUl.
PENWARN, PENWARNE. From Penwarn in Maw-
nan, or Penwarn in Mevagissey ; from pen-wamy the head
of the alder-trees.
PENWARVERELL, or PENWORVERELL. From
pen-gavar, the goat's head, or the head of the goat's place.
Pryce renders the local name Polwheverell, the kids' pool.
PENWITH. From the hundred of Penwith, which
Camden renders " the left-hand promontory." Others derive
the name from pen-guithy ^guydhy the most conspicuous high
90 PATEONTMICA
land. The name may abo mean the high head or pro-
montory.
PENWORVERELL. See Penwarvebell.
PENYSTONE, PENYSTON, var. PENESTONE,
PENEYSTONE, PENNYSTONE. Thos. de Penyston
is said to have flourished at Truro in the reign of the
Conqueror. These names are from pen-is-ton, the head of
the com enclosure ; or the first pait of the name may be
that of the owner, Penny.
PERMEWAN. See Pemewan.
PEROSE. A probable corruption of Penrose, q. v,
PERRANAHNEUTHNO. From the parish of Per-
ranutho or Perran Uthno, t. e., Perran by the exposed height
or swelling (uth-^no). This family is now merged in the
female branch.
PERROW. Probably from the French Pierre, Peter ;
like Clemow, from Clement.
PETERICK. See Petherick.
PETHEICK. See Pbthick.
PETHERICK. From Little Petherick or St. Petroc
Minor, a parish and village in Pyder hundred, so called from
the church being dedicated to St. Petrock, t. e,, St. Peter.
Cf. the names Patherick, Pedrick, and Peterick.
PETHICK, PETHEICK. From peth-, pith-icky the rich
dwelling (j>ethf pithy riches, wealth).
PETTIGREW, var. PETIGREW, PETTYGREW,
PETTICRU. From the manor of Pettigrew in Gerans
parish, in Powdre hundred ; from bedh^y-greWy the crane's
grove. Hence the U. S. name Pedigree.
PETVIN. A probable corruption of Petherwin, q, r. ;
or from bedho'veany the little birch-tree.
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 91
PHEASANT, FESANT. From Lepheasant, near St.
Anstell ; from le-viasany the lower place ; or le-veasSy the
outward place. Fazan, Fazon are most probably the same
name.
PHYSICK. According to some, from Lefisiek, in St.
Austell. Hals considers Lefisiek in St. Me wan the Re-
fishoc of Domesdaj. Cf. Bosvisick (see Bossowsack) ; also
Trerisick in Blisland. D. Gilbert gives a place named
Tre-izack, which he renders the corn town. Yisick and
Yisack are most probably the same name as Physick.
PHYTHIAN. See Mithian.
PILE, PHjL. From ptl, a little hillock ; also a sea
ditch or salt-water trench, a trench filled at high water, a
little harbour. According to Lhuyd, pill is also a manor or
lordship.
Pn^LAMONTAYNE. See Pollamounter.
PILLIVANT. See Bullivant.
PILLOW. See Pellbw.
PINABD. From pen^ardy the high head of land or
rock ; or the high hill.
PINFOUND. See Penfoune.
PINKERVIEL. See Penkevil.
PINNEY. See Pen.
PINNICK. See Pinnock.
PINNOCBL From the parish of the same name. Pryce
gives ^'Pennick, Penneck, Penek, ack, ock, ok, the head
creek, brook, rivulet, or place ; Penok, head oak, nom. fam."
A more reasonable derivation would be from pen-tcky the
head place. Penneck, Pennick, Pennock, Pinnick, Pen-
nerkes, may be the same name, or of the same origin.
FLAMING. Another orthography of Plymin, q. v.
92 " PATBONYMICA
PLYMIN, PLAMES'G. From pleu-men, the stony
parish or place.
POLAMONTER, POLAMOUNTAIN. See Polla-
MOUNTRB.
POLAND. See Bollakd.
POLARD. See Pollabd.
POLCEARNE, POLKEARNE. From Polcaim in
Mawgan in Pjder ; from poUkam^ the head of the heap of
rocks ; or the rockj head, or rockj pool.
POLEGREEN. See Polgbean.
POLGANHORN. See Polkinghobnb.
POLGLASE, POLGLAZE, POLGLOSE. From Pol-
glase in St. Earme, not far from Killigrew (of which manor
it anciently formed part) ; or Polglaze, name of places in
Cuhj and Curj parishes ; from pol-gUue, 'glazty the green
pool.
POLGREAN, POLGREEN. From Polgrean in St.
Michael Carhays ; from pol-greaUy the gravel pits. Hence
the U. S. name Polegreen.
POLHAL, POLHILL. See Polwhele.
POLITO. See Bolitho.
POLKEARNE. See Polcbabne.
POLKINGHORNE, POLKINHORN, POLKIN-
HORNE, POLKENHORN, POLGANHORN. From
Polkinghome in Gwinnear ; from pol-gan-hoarn^ a pool
with (containing) iron, t. «., a chalyheate pool, a medicinal
pool. Hence, by contraction, the name Polkom.
POLKORN. See Polkikghobne.
POLLAMOUNTAIN. See Pollamounteb.
POLLAMOUNTER, var. POLAMONTER, POLO-
MOUNTER, POLLOMOUNTER, POLAMOUNTAD^,
CORNIT-BBITANNICA. 93
POLLAMOUNTAIN, PILLAMONTAYNE. There are
Polmanter Downs at St. Ives, and PoUamoant in Pyder.
According to D. Gilbert, the Polamonters are from Polla-
monter in Newland. Tonkin, under Newlin, says Palla-
maunter or Palmaunter was formerly a gentleman's seat,
and gave name to an ancient family since removed to
Trevyzick, in St. Columb Minor. One of the oldest ortho-
graphies of this surname was Pillamontayne. The name
may mean the head of the mountain, from pol, a head.
Pil is a little hillock, a sea ditch, a trench filled at high
water; and pill is a manor or lordship.
POLLAN. See Bollahd.
POLLARD, in H. R. POLARD. From pol-ard, the
high top or head.
POLLCOWE. See Polleowe.
POLLEN. See Bolland.
POLLEOWE or POLLCOWE. I know not the proper
orthography of this name, but it is most probably Polleowe.
There is Polga in Jacobstow. Polgoda in Peransand is from
poUgoday the head of the wood ; and Polgoth signifies the
old pit.
POLLET. See Polwhelb.
POLLITTO. See Bolitho.
POLLOMOUNTER. See Pollamounter.
POLLYBLAND. See Poi^blank.
POLLYN. From poUlyny the head or top of the pond
or pool. There is Polean in Pelynt, which Pryce derives
from pol'leauy the full pool.
POLMEAR, POLMEER, POLMERE (extinct). From
pol-meary the great pool or pit. There is Polmear Cove in
Zennor.
94 PATEONTMICA
POLMENNA. From Polmenna in Philleigh ; from
poUmean^ the stony pool ; poUmeny the head of the pool ;
or poUminoWy the small well, pit, pool, top, or head.
POLMERE. See Polmkab.
POLOMOUNTER. See Pollamounter.
POLPORTH. From pol-porth, the top or head of the
bay or haven. This family is extinct.
POLRUDDON. From Polruddon in St. Austell ; from
poUrud'dony the head of the red hill ; pol-radn^ the head of
the division ; or pol'fuan, the river head. " Polruddon, the
ruynes of an auntient howse somtymes the howse of John
Polruddon, whoe was taken out of his bed by the Frenche
in the time of Henry the 7, and carried away with violence,
and then began the howse to decay e ; and Pen warn, the
howse of Mr. Otwell Hill, was buylded with Polruddon
stones." (Norden.)
POLSTRONGr. From pol-tron, the head of the promon-
tory. There is however a place called Polston near Laun-
ceston.
POLSUE. From poUsuBy -sewy the black pool.
POLUND. See Bolland.
POLWARNE. From poUwamey the pool of alders.
POLWARTH, POL WART. From pol-warthy the high
head or promontory, or the «high pool. '^ Of that ilk, in
Berwickshire. The heiress married Saint Clair, temp.
James III. — Nisbet." (Lower,)
POLWEL, POLWELL, POLWHEILE. See Pol-
WHBLE.
POLWHELE. The name is found written POL-
WHEILE, POLWHYLL, POLWHYLE, POLWYL,
POLWEL, POLWELL, POLHAL, POLHILL, and
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 95
POLLEY ; and is derived from Polwhele, in Domesday
Polhel, a manor occupied under Edward the Confessor bj
Winus de Polhal (Polwel or Polwyl). Pryce derives the
name Polwhele from pol-whele, the pool work ; or pol*
giLBuly the top of the field. According to Burke, the family
claims Saxon origin.
POL WIN. From Polwin in Cury ; Polwin in Mawgan
in Meneage ; or Polwyn in Golan ; from pol-ivyn, the white
pool, or the white head or promontory.
POLWYL, POLWHYLE, POLWHYLL. See Pol-
POLYBLAND. See Polyblank.
POLYBLANK. From pol-blanc, the colts' pool {blanc^
a young horse). Hence Polly bland and Poly bland. Polly-
blank and Pulleyblank are found as Devonshire surnames.
PORTH. From porth^ a gate, a sea-port, sea-coast, bay,
or haven. D. Gilbert gives a place called Porth in St.
Anthony in Powder. There are Port in Mawgan in Pyder,
and four local names commencing with Porth.
POWDER. A name found in the United States. It is
probably derived from Powder hundred in Cornwall. Pryce
renders Powdar the province, country, or^hundred of oaks
(jxm-dar).
PRADE. See Praed.
PRAED, PRADE, PREAD. From prdz (Bas Bret.
prM)y a meadow. There is a place named Praze in Crowan.
PRAISE. See Price,
PREAD. See Praed.
PREDEANCE. From prt-dinaZf -dinaSy the clay fortress
or bulwark.
PREEN. See Brebn.
96 PATRONTMICA
PRETHOWAN. See Trethoav.
PREWBODY. See Trewbodt.
PRICE. The Welsh name is said to be from Ap-Blce
or •Bees, soq of Rioe or Bees ; bat both names maj be from
Cornish prds^ a meadow. Prree, Pijse, Brice, and the
U. S. Praise would seem to be the same name. See also Bees.
PBIDEACX (found PBYDIAUX). This ancient
familj are said to trace their descent from Paganns, lord of
Prideanx Castle in Loxilion ; frxxn French pres cTeaux^
near the waters, ^ the sea f<xinerlj flowing up as high as this
place.^ I hare elsewhere derived this name from prateUum,
dim. of prolwai, a meadow ; but Tonkin thinks it may also
be fi^«n pri, pn\i^ dar, and am^ the same with a/«, the
cliff or sea-shore. Cf. mr noiice of the name in Notes and
Queries (2nd &, No. 52, fi^ 512). See also D. GUbert
(iiL 56"^ ; Shirlej's Noble and Gentle Men ; and Lower's
Paironrmica Britannica.
PRIN, PRINX, PBTX, PBYXN, PBTXXE; maj be
the Welsh name, and if so fr\^m Ap-Rhjn, son of Rhjn.
But qu. the Cornish f '7m, a mountain ; prem^ timber, wood ;
priiMMy elajej ground* soft clajej Teins of tin, te. Also see
BCSPRTXX.
PROUSE^ See Prowse*
PROW$^ PROUSE. Fh>m pnLs a meadow ; or bras,
great* If from the Welsh^ perhaps fr«im Ap-Bowse.
PRYCE* Stei? Price-
PRYDIAUX. See PRU>KJirx*
PRYR« This name maj mean a dajej place ; from
jwn; elar*
PRYN, PRYNX, PRYNXK. See Prix.
PRYSK. See Price.
CORNU-BEITANNIOA. 97
Q-
QUAINTANCE. A corruption of Qaintin's.
QUANCE. Qu. from coth-naneey the old valley. This
name would also corrupt from Quaintance.
QUARM, QUARME, QUARAM. Walter Quarme,
clerk, dwelt at Nancar. These names are probably cor-
rupted from Warn, Warne, q. v,
QUARM AN. Lower renders this name " quarry man."
But qu. from car-man, the rocky or rock place (W. man, a
place).
QUETHIOCK. From Quethiock parish in East hun-
dred. " Mr. Lysons says the anc. name was Cruetheke ; it
is commonly pronounced Quithik." (Z). Oilbert) The local
name is also found written Quedyock. Pryce says Quithi-
ock, Queth-yk, means " the weavers' place " {queth, cloth ;
quethy, to weave).
QUICK, QUICKE. From guik, wick, a village. Quick
is not an uncommon Bm*name, and Geake is perhaps the
same name.
QUITMAN. From quit-ban, -van, the high wood, or quit-
mdn, the stony wood. There is a place named Quitman in
the Southern States of N. A.
R.
RAD DON, var. De RADDONA, De RADIONA, an
ancient name. From radn, a division.
RADFORD. From reden-vordh, the fern way.
H
98 PATKoinrMiCA
RADMORE. From reden-vor, the great ferny place.
RADNOR. Pryce renders this name the fern land ; no
doubt from reden-noor,
RAIL, RAILE. From Rajle in lilogan ; from ryely
rojal.
RAME (De). An ancient name in Cornwall, derived
from the parish and manor of Rame in East hundred. '' The
arms of Rame/' says Tonkin, "were, in allusion to the
name. Azure, a scalp of a ram's head Argent, armed."
** The manor of Rame," says D. Gilbert, "and the advowson
of the living, continue in the Edgcumbe family ; but the
barton has for some generations belonged to the Edwardses,
and, under the name of Rame Place, is still their residence.
The remarkable feature of this parish is
Rame Head, or, as it is usually called, the Ram ; and it is
a general belief that the name is taken from the resemblance
of the point to the Roman battering-ram, as the Lizard is
supposed to be so called from the long flat serpentine for-
mation resembling the body of a saurian animal ; but it
seems to be niuch more probable that these observed
resemblances should have corrupted some former names
accidentally agreeing with them in sound, than that the
promontories should be refdly distinguished by appellations
so very modern." The name is most probably from Brit.
ram^ rama, great, high ; ramy a height, elevation ; raniy rham^
that which projects or is forward ; rhamu, to project, go
forward ; whence Ramhead on the coast of Ireland ; Ram-
saig, on a point in Skye ; Ramasa, an isle N. of Lismore, co.
Argyle ; Ram Head, a point opposite Portsmouth ; Ram-
syde, on a point in Lancashire ; and Carrick Ram, a pro-
montory in Wigtonshire.
COBNU-BEITANNICA. 99
BASCOILEN. From rose-kelin, the valley of the holly-
trees.
BASOIBEN. The Cornwall Directory gives this as a
surname. The etymology is doubtful. Qu. from rose^ a
valley ; and ben, a head, hill.
EASPEY. Qu. from Bospeath in Ludgvan ; from ro5-
peth, the rich mountain, meadow, or common ; or rose-peth,
the rich valley.
REECE. See Rees.
REES. Some derive the Welsh name Rees, which they
say was originally written Rhys, from Apn/jf, Mars. Pryce,
however, renders Fen-rice, -rees, the head of the fleeting
ground. Rheese is the name of a moor in Cornwall ; and
Reese, Rice, Rise, Ryce, Ryse are also found as surnames.
REFRAWELL. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert
in a list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. There
is a place named Trefaul in Lanreath. Tref-ryal would
signify the royal town or dwelling. The Yf.ffrwyl is mist;
ajid ffrowi/l, outrage, tumult.
REFRY. See Trefbt.
RELTON. See Rialton.
REMFREY, REMFRY, REMPHRY, RENFREE,
RENFREY, RENFRY, RENPHRY. See Tbefbt.
. REPUKE. From tre-buch, the dwelling of the cow ;
tre-boc, the place of the buck or goat ; or tre^bucha, the
ghost's place.
RESCASSA. See Rosecassa.
RESCORLA. See Roscorla.
RESEIGH. From ros-aeigh, the dry valley.
RESKILLEY. See Roskellt.
RESKIMER, RESKYMER, ROSKYMER. From
H 2
100 PATRONTMICA
rose-kei'Veor, the great dog valley ; according to others, the
great dog's race.
RESPRYNN. From res^pren, the valley of timber or
wood, or the woody valley ; or from res-Prynn, Prynn's
valley. According to C. S. Gilbert, the Prynn family
were formerly called Resprynn, and are supposed to have
originated from Resprynn, an estate in the parish of
Lanhydrock.
RESS. See Ross.
RESTALOCK. This ancient name may be from ros-
tallacky the highly-situated common or moss. It would also
corrupt from Tretallack. See Retallack.
RESTRONGET. From the manor of Restronget, ad-
joining that of Carclew in Mylor, formerly written Res-
trongas, which Tonkin renders " the valley with the deep
promontory or point of land " (res, ros, trong, gas, guys). BeS'
tron-coet would mean the valley with the woody promontory.
D. Gilbert says, if gas or guys, which Tonkin says means
deep in Cornish, should also, as in some other languages,
bear the correlative sense of lofty, his explanation of Res-
tronget would be more complete.
RESUGGAN. See Rosooan.
RETALLACK, RETALLICK, RETOLLOCK. From
Retallock in St. Colomb Major, which, according to Pryce,
signifies a very high place with many pits. The name was
doubtless originally Tretallack ; from tre-tallacky -tcUlickf the
highly-situated dwelling.
RTALTON. From Rialton, or Ryalton, in St. Colomb
Major ; from ryal-, ryel-ton, royal town. Lower gives the
surname Relton from a manor in Pydre hundred, mentioned
in the Rotuli Hundredorum, temp. Edw. L
COENU-BRITANNICA. 101
RICE. See Rees.
RISDON. From reese-don^ the hill by the fleeting
ground ; or from Rhysdon, the hill of Rhys or Rees.
RISE. See Rees.
ROS, ROOSE. See Rose.
ROSAGAN. See Rosogan.
ROSCARRACK, ROSCARROCK, RUSCARROCK,
anc. ROSCARRAKE. From Roscarrake in St. Endellion ;
from ros-caraky -carrtk, the rocky vale ; or rSs-carrog, the
valley of the brook. The barton of Crone or Croan in
Eglos-hayle was formerly the property of the family.
ROSCOE. See Roscrott.
ROSCOLLA. From ros-col, the valley of the ridge or
neck (of the hill).
ROSCORLA, ROSCORLIA, RESCORLA, anc. De
ROSCORLA. From Roscorla in. St. Austell ; from ros-
corhlan, the valley of the burying place ; or ros-corlan, the
valley of the sheepfold or cot, or the fold or place enclosed.
Hals renders the local name Roscorla, the promontory and
fat valley of land.
ROSCOW. See Roscrow.
ROSCRAW. See Roscrow.
ROSCROUGE. See Roscruge.
ROSCROW, ROSCROWE. From an estate in the
parish of Gluvias, which was possessed by the family in the
I4th century. The family became extinct temp. Hen. VL,
or before. In the reign of Hen. VIII. the name was
assumed by the family of Harry, who became extinct in the
17th century. ((7. S. Gilbert.") The name is derived from
rose-erou, -crow, the valley of the cross ; or the valley
cross. Roskraw, Ruscrowe, Roscoe, Roscow, Ruscoe^
!
I
view.
102 PATRONYMICA
Ruscow would seem to be the same name. But see
ROBCRUaE.
ROSCROWGIE. See Roscrugb.
ROSCRUG-E. Hals says the estate of Roscruge, in the
parish of St. Anthony in Kerrier, "gave name and original
to a family of gentlemen now or lately in possession thereof.*'
Polwhele translates the surname Roscreege, the valley of the
barrow (creeg, a barrow). Pryce renders Roscreege, as
well as Roserow, the valley cross. Roskruge, Roscrowgie,
and Rescrouge are doubtless the same name. He also
renders Crow-gie, cross hedge. But see RoscROW.
ROSE. From some place of the name, perhaps from
Rose in Perranzabuloe ; from rose, roshy a valley between
hills; or from ros, a mountain meadow, common, moss. Hence
the names Ress, Roose, Ros, Ross, Rosse, Rous, Rouse,
Rowse, Ruse, Rush.
ROSECOSSA. From Rosecossa in St. Just in Roselant;
from rose'CoosCf -c^s, the woody valley. Hence, by corruption,
the name Rescassa.
ROSECREGG, ROSCREGG, ROSCREEGE. From
Rosecregg in the parish of St. Anthony Meneage, where the
family were resident in 1 820 ; from root of Roscruge, q, v,
ROSEKILLEY. See Roskellt.
ROSELIAN. From Rosillian, Roselian, or Rose-Sillian,
in St. Blazey. Pryce renders Rose Lyon, the vale in open
ROSEMERRIN, ROSEMORAN. From Rosemorron
in Gulval ; or Rosmeran in Budock ; from rose-merrtyi, the
rale of blackberries (L. morua).
ROSENITHON. From R6snithen, which Pryce renders
the furzy vale (rose-n-eithen).
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 103
ROSEUNDLE. From Roseundle in St. Austell, which
Hals renders '* bundle of rushes ;" but the name means
rather the woody valley (W. gwyddle, a place covered with
wood).
ROSEVEAL. From rose-veal, the calves' valley.
ROSEVEAR, ROSEVEARE, ROSENVEAR, ROSE-
VEER, ROSEVERE. See Rosveab.
ROSEWALL. From rose-gual, 'Valy the valley with a
wall or fence.
ROSEWARNE, ROSEWARN, ROSWARNE. From
Rosewarne in the parish of Camborne ; from roae-wame^
the valley of alders. Hence, no doubt, the U. S. name
Rosewharm.
ROSEWHARM. A name found in the United States.
See Rosewarne.
ROSKEAR. From ros-leary the dear or lovely valley.
ROSKELLY, ROSKILLEY, ROSKILLY, ROSE-
KILLEY, RESKILLEY. From rose-kill^ the grove in
the valley.
ROSKRUGE. See Roscruge.
ROSKYMER. See Reskimer.
ROSOGAN, ROSAGAN, RESUGGAN. From Roso-
gan in St. Stephen ; from rosesog-an, the moist valley.
Hals renders the local name Tresuggan, in St. Colomb
Major, " the town on the Saggor Bog." " The arms of
Rosogan of St. Stephen in Bronnel are. Argent, a chevron
between three rose Gules, bearded Proper, seeded Or."
ROSS, ROSSE. See Rose.
ROSVEAR, ROSVEARE, ROSVERE, ROSEVEAR,
ROSEVEARE, ROSEVEER, ROSEVERE, ROSEN-
VEAR. From rose-veor, the great valley.
104 PATRONYMIC A
ROSWARNE. See Rosewarne.
ROSWARTHICK. From ros-warth-ick, the high place
in the valley.
ROSWARVA. From rose-warva (for wariha\ the higher
valley ; or rose^gudva, the winterly or exposed valley {gudv,
guafy winter).
ROUNSAVILLE, ROUNSEVELL, ROUNSWELL.
I^rom rounsen»vyl, the asses' village or dwelling ; or rounsen^
gualj the asses' wall or fence. There is Goon Rounsan,
" the asses' down," in St. Enodor. Cf. Roncesvalles, a fron-
tier village of Spain, Navarre.
ROUS. See Rose.
ROUSE. From Rouse in Pillaton ; from root of Rose,
q, V,
ROWSE. See Rose.
RUBERRY. From ru-brt/y the clay street ; or ruaU'
berri, the river of fatness or fertility.
RUSCARROCK. See Roscarrack.
RUSCOE, RUSCOW, RUSCROWE. See Roscrow.
RUSE, From Ruse in Laneast; from root of Rose, q. v.
RUSH. See Rose.
HYALL. Perhaps from ryal, rt/el, royal.
RYCE, RYSE. See Rees.
S.
SANDRY. See Saundrt.
SAPLYN. From sarf-lyUj the serpents' pool.
SAUNDRY, SANDRY, SONDRY. From sawan-dre,
.« the dwelling hy the hole in the cliff. But these names may
COBNU-BRITANNIC A. 1 05
also be from Alexander ; for Pryce renders Vellan-Saundryy
Alexander's mill.
SAYER. From root of Soor, q. v. Treganyan in St.
Michael Penkevil was anciently the seat of the Sayers.
SCABEBIUS. Scawen translates this name, " sweepers
or sweeping ;" and gives as the arms of the family, three
broom besoms. Polwhele translates acdberiaa^ "a barn."
If so, it comes from root of Skyburiow, q. v,
SCARDON. From car-don, the rocky hill.
SCAWAN, SCAWEN, SCAWIN, SCAWN, SCO WEN,
SCOWN. From a place of the same name; from scauan^ an
elder-tree. Hals derives the word scauan from Gr. cxojSfg/Xr,
samhucuSf ehulus, the elder-tree ; and he says that, suitably
to its name, this family has for its arms, ''Argent, a scawen,
or elder-tree, vert." The Scawens anciently dwelt at Mil-
linike in St. Germans.
SC06ELL. This family have flourished for many gene-
rations in Cornwall and Devon. The first on record is
Thomas de Scobbahull, sheriff of Devonshire in 1291. The
name is also found written Scobhull, Scobhill, Scobbel,
Scobel, Schobell, Scobhall, Shovel, and Scoble, and, ac-
cording to Hals, signifies in Cornish the broom-plant. I
doubt much its Cornish origin, and think it may be the
same as Scovell (H. R. De Scoville, De Scovile), from
Escoville, now Ecoville, arrond. Caen, Normandy.
SCORSE. From korsen, a reed, stalk ; in composition,
kors. Cf. the local name Penkors. There is a place called
Scoresham in Launcells.
SCOWEN, SCOWN. See Scawan.
SEELEG. See- Silk.
SELDON. As a Cornish name, from BeUdoriy prospect hill.
106 PATBONYMICA
SELKE, SELIOKE, SELLECK, SELLER, SELLICK.
See Silk.
SERPELL, SERPLE. Sarf-pol would mean the set-
pents' pool ; but this name may also be corrupted from
St, Petronell. " The manor of Whitestone is called in
Domesday Witeston. In 12 Edw. L it is denominated
Wilston and St. Petnell, which is thought to be a corrup-
tion of St. Petronell. In 3 Hen. IV., John de Cobbleham
held one fee in Wiston and Sepeknol."
SILK. Some deriye this name from the parish of Silk-
Willoughby, co. Lincoln. The name, which is found writ-
ten Silke, Selke, Seeleg, Selioke, Sellek, Selleck, Sellick, is
probably of Cornish origin, from sellick^ sillick, in open
view, remarkable, conspicuous, from sely sily ml, W. sylly^ to
look or behold : whence the local name Crugsillick, the
barrow in open view ; and perhaps the surname Tresilian.
SKEWES, SKEWIS, SKEWYS. From Skewes (for-
merly Skewie) in Crowan, or Skewes (formerly Skewys).
in Cury. These names signify a shady place, from skez^ a
shade or shadow. John Skewys was sheriff of the county
in the 12 Hen. VIII. Hence also the names Skewish,
Skuse, and Skues.
SKEWISH. From Great Skewish in St. Wenn,
which belongs to the family. ^' One of the family was an
author at a period so early as the reign of Henry the Sixth,
when he compiled an abridgment of the Chronicles, and the
Wars of Troy ; but in all probability the work has never
been printed, since it is not noticed by Warton, nor is the
author's name to be found in the catalogues of our public
librai'ies." (D. Gilbert.) See Skewes.
SKUES, SKUSE. See Skewes.
COBNU-BRITANNICA, 107
SKYBTJRIOW. From akiberioy skiberiowt, the barns.
Hence Skiberion in Mawgan, and the surname Scaberius,
SOADY, SODDY. From aog-y sug-ty, the moist or wet
abode.
SODEN, SOWDEN. From aog-dm, the moist or wet
hill. Lower refers Soden to Sudden, which he says is a
known corruption of Southdean, through Soudean.
SONDE Y. See Saundrt.
SOOR. From sair^ a sawyer ; whence the word aair'
pren, a woodman, carpenter.
SOWDEN, See Soden.
SPARNON, SPERNON. From speman, a thorn. " The
family became extinct on the death of a gentleman in the
medical profession at Lostwithiel ; and the property was
sold about fifty years ago." (Z). Gilberty 1838.)
SPERNON. See Spaknon.
SPERRACK. This name may be from speman, a thorn.
Tonkin says Trigantan (in Creed) belongs to the family of
Sperrack ; and there is a place called Sparnock in Kea.
SPETTIGUE. This is said to be an old Cornish
£Ekmily ; but it is doubted if the Spettigues were not origin-
ally from another part of England. Lower says it is '^a
Cornish local name, place unknown." The last part of the.
name may be the same with that in Killigrew and Petti-
grew, q.v.
SPOUR, SPOURE. See Spur.
SPRY. Burke says that this family, whose name he
writes var. De Spre, De Spray, De Sprey, Spreye, Sprie,
Sprye, Spry, Spray, and Sprey, was at a very early period
seated in co. Devon, where several places bear the
designation in its more ancient spelling, as Spreyton, Sprie-
108 PATRONTMICA
ton or Spryeton, Spray or Sprey, and Sprye Comb. Gil-
bert (quoting Hals) says: ^^spry, sprey, spray is Coroish,
and signifies a sprout, branch, sprig, twig, split, or slip of
any matter or thing." " In the dialect of Somerset, and in
the United States, spry means nimble, active, smart," says
Lower. If of Cornish origin, the name would corrupt from
that of Prye, q. v,
SPUR. This name may be an abbreviation of Butspur
in LauDcells ; from bos-ber, the short dwelling. Spour and
Spoure are perhaps the same name. " The arms of Spour
are. Gules, on a chevron Or, a rose of the first between
two mullets or spur rowells Sable pierced." But see
VOSPEB.
T.
TALBOT. Lower says this family traces, sine hiatu, to
the great Domesday tenant, Richard Talebot ; and that the
Marches of Wales appear to have been, the original seat,
but that the name is not territorial, being never prefaced
with De, A talbot, in heraldry, is a hunting-dog. Dr.
Johnson defines it a hound ; and says, though incorrectly,
that it is borne by the house of Talbot in their arms.
Several of the Talbot family have been sheriffs of Cornwall,
and the name may possibly be derived from locality. " Tal-
bot (in Probus), which is an abbrevia^tion of Haleboat, is a
rock called Ha-le-boate Rock ; wherein, to this day, are seen
many great iron rings, whereunto boats have been tied,
although there is now no show of an haven, but only a
little brook running through the valley into a branch
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 109
of the river Fall." (See Norden^ p. 61 ; also D. Oilbert,
iii. 361.)
TALEEN. See Tallent.
TALL. From taly high, eminent.
TALLAGE. " The name is found at Penryn and at St.
Austell, and also at Norwich, where a branch settled about
1750. A place near Penrjn is called Tallack's Style. It
is doubtless Celtic and local. There is a place in Breck-
nockshire called Talack-Dhu." {Lower,) Pryce renders the
Cornish tallack, tallicky talhchy highly placed, a garret. (Cf.
Botallack and Retallack.) Tallick is no doubt another
form of the name.
TALLARD. Tallard is the appellation of a comm. and
town of France, dep. H. Alps ; but the Cornish name may
be from tal-ard, the high front or promontory. Hence
perhaps Tallat.
TALLAT. See Tallard.
TALLENT. From Talland in West hundred; from tal-
Ian, the high church. Hence, by corruption, the surnames
Tailing, Taleen, Tellam, Tellan.
TALLERVEY. See Tolleevet.
TALLICK. See Tallack.
TALLING. See Tallent.
TANNAHILL. From ten-hale, for tren-hale, the dwelling
by the moor.
TELLAM, TELLAN. See Tellant.
TENCREEK. From Tencreek in Creed, which Hals
derives from ^^ten-creeky or tene-cruck, the fire bank or
tumulus, viz., the sepulchre of one interred the/e before the
6th century, whose body was burnt to ashes by fire, ac-
cording to their accustomed manner of interring the dead ;
110 PATRONTMICA
and his bones and ashes laid up in an urn or earthen pot, in
a bank, or barrow, or tumulus, upon some part of the lands
of this barton." But the name means rather the dwelling
by the barrow or hillock ; from tre-, treU'Cryh,
THRISCUTT. See Truscott.
TICE. See Tte.
TIDDY. See Tthyddt.
TIERS (De), TIES (De). See Tte.
TILLIE. Pryce translates Pentillie, "the master's, or
head of the family ;" and Borlase renders the word pentilm^
master of the family ; but Pentillie in Pillaton probably
derived the last part of its name from Sir James Tillie,
who left the property to his sister's son, Mr. James Woolley,
who took the name of Tillie.
TINTEN. From Tinten, in the parish of St. Tudy,
possessed by the family up to the 14th century, when the
heiress married Carminow. (Lower.') From tiri'tcm, the
under fortress ; or tin^den^ the castle on the hill. Tonkin
says John de Tinten held one fee Mort. (of the honour of
Morton) in Tynten, and in Trewinneck, 3 Hen. IV.
TOLCARNE, TOLCEARN. From Tolcarn in Gwen-
nap, or Tolcarne in Madron ; and from other places so
named. Pryce deriyes the name Tolcarne from Tolcarne
in St. Just ; which he translates, the stone with a hole
{toUcam),
TOLEMAN. See Tolman.
TOLER. See Toller.
TOLL, TULL. From toll, a hole. There are several
places in Cornwall compounded of toll ; as Tolcarn, Tol-
garrick, TolguUow, Tolvan, &c.
TOLLER. This name may sometimes be from toller^ a
CORNU-BRITANNICA, 111
man that superintends tin-bounds ; " so called," says Pol-
whele, '' because bounds are terminated bjr holes (foZ, a
hole) cut in the earth, which must be renewed and risited
once in a year, or because he receives the tolls or dues of
the lord of the soil." Toler may be the same name.
TOLLERVEY, TALLERVEY. From tolUar-vy, the
hole by the river or water ; or tal-ar-vy, the high place
upon the river.
TOLMAN. From Tolvan in Constantino ; from toll-
van, the high stone ; or toll-Tnaen, the stone with a hole.
Gf. the names Toleman, Dolman, Dollman.
TOLMIE, TOLME. From toll-vr/, the hole by the
river.
TOLPUTT. From toll-bod, the dwelling by the hole.
TOLVERNE. From Tolvem in Philleigh. Pryce
renders Tolvorne, the foreigner's hole or high place ; and
Tolforn, the oven's mouth or hole (fom).
TOWAN. From Towan in lUogan ; also the appella-
tion of other places. The name means heaps of sand, or
sand-banks ; sometimes simply a hillock ; and, according to
Gwavas, also a plain, a green or level place.
TRAER. See Trehaib.
TRAGO. Same as Treago, q. v.
TRAHAIR. See Trehair.
TRAHERN, TRAHERNE. See Trehern.
TRAIN. See Trehane.
TRAINOR, TRAYNOR. From tre^noer, the valley
famous for land ; or tren-our, the golden valley.
TRANMER. From tra^n-mer, the dwelling upon the
sea (coast), or by the lake or water ; or perhaps another
orthography of Tremear, q, v.
112 PATBONTMICA
TRANNACK. See Teenaco.
TRATHAN. From Tretane in St. Kew ; from tre-tan,
the under town. Hence, by corruption, Fratban.
TRAVELLER. The same name as Trevailor, q. v,
TRAVENER. See Tkeveneb.
TRAVIL. See Thetill.
TRAVIS. See Tbetisa.
TRAYHEARNE. See Trehern.
TRAYNOR. See Tbainor.
TREAD WELL. See Tredudwell.
TREA60. Hals says tbis name was anciently De
Treago, from Tre-ago, or Tre-agbo, in Crantock ; and he
gives an absurd etymology. The name is probably from
Tre^Iago, the dwelling of lago, or James. See Jaoo.
TREAGUS. See Tregoz.
TREATS, TREASE, TREAYS, TREICE, TREISE,
TRESE. Hals says, *^ In the parish of Blisland, somewhere
liveth Trese, Gent. The name Tres or Treas is Corn.-Brit.,
and signifies ' the third,' and was a name taken up in memory
of the third son or person of the family from whence he was
descended, and is derived from the same Japhetical origin
as tpirogf teriiuSy ' the third,' as the Latin tres ; and Treas is
also the third in the Scotch and Irish tongues."! The name
is probably from tre^yZy the place for corn. The manor of
St. Gennis was for some time the property of Treise, and
Trenant was at one time in the possession of Sir Christo-
pher Treise. Lysons says the manor of Tremayne in East
hundred belonged to the family of Treise, whose heiress
brought it to that of Morshead ; and, says D. Gilbert, it
has since passed by sale to Mr. John Joliffe.
TREASURE. See Tresahab.
COBNU-BBITAITKICA. 113
TREATS. See Trsais.
TREB ARFOOT, TREBARFOOTE. From Trebarfoot,
or Trebarfut, in the parish of Poundstock, the ancient seat
of the family, until the extinction of the elder line in 1633.
The name is from tr$'bar'Jiity the town over the vaults or
graves (Juty a vault, W. mut) ; tre-har^vor^ "Vcrdhy the town
bj the highway ; or from tre^Barfoot, the dwelling of Bar-
foot or Barford. The family bore for arms three bears' feet.
TREBABTHA. From Trebartha in the hundred of
East, which Frjce renders the high or wonderful place.
The name may also be from tre-wartha^ the higher town or
dwelling.
TREBELL, TREBLE. From Trebell in Lanivet, or
Trebila near Boscastle ; from tre-hely the fair town or place.
There is a place named Trebellan near Cubert ; and Trebell
is Ihe name of a Mining Company. Trible, Tribbel,
Tremble, and Trimble are different spellings of the same
name.
TREBERSET. From Trebursye, or Trebersey, in
Petherwin ; from tre^bur'Suey the dwelling on the black
eminenee ; or tre-Buraey, the dwelling of Bursey.
TREBILCOCK, TREBILLCOCK, TREBLECOCK,
TREBILLIOGE. From Trebilcock in Roche; from
tre-Wilcocky the dwelling of Wilcock, a diminutive of Will.,
for William.
TREBILLIOGE. See Trebiloock.
TREBISKY. From Trebisken in Cubert ; from root of
Tregusking, q, v.
TREBLE. See Tbebell.
TREBLECOCK. See Trebiloock.
TREBY. From Trebigh, a manor in the parish of St.
I
114 PATRONYMIC A
Ive or Eve, anciently in the possession of the family ; per-
haps from tre-bigharif the little town. Hence Trewbj,
Truby, and perhaps Trimby.
TKECARNE. From tre-came, the dwelling near a heap
of rocks. '^ The heiress married Glynn of Glynn in this
county." (Oilhert,)
TRECARBELL. From Trecarrell in Lezant parish, in
East hundred, where the family are said to have been seated
before the Conquest. The name may simply mean the
dwelling of Carrell, t. e, Carolus or Charles. The arms of
the family are, Ermine, two chevrons Sable.
TRECOTHICK, TRESCOTHICK. Some render this
name the town of the old man {coik), Qu. from tre-y tres-
coit'ick, the dwelling in the woody place. Tregothick is
also a surname.
TREDEGAR. The same as Tregear ; or from Tred-
car, the town by the rock.
TREDENEY. Probable corruption of Tredinnick, q. v.
TREDENHAM, TREDINHAM. From Tredenham
in the parish of Probus, the town or dwelling of Denham or
Dinham ; perhaps the baronial family of Dinham of Corn-
wall and Devon. This is said to be confirmed by the fact
that both families bear in their coat-armour Justls (which
are far from common in heraldry), the noble family carrying
them in fesse, the gentle one in bend, Dinham or Denham,
as a Cornish- Saxon compound, would translate the fortified
dwelling. Dinham however is the name of a family in
Monmouthshire, and Denham that of parishes in Suffolk and
Bucks. Cf. Cardinham.
TREDENICK, TREDENNICK. See Tredinnick.
TREDERRICK. From tre^DerricJt, the dwelling of
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 115
Derrick, «. c, Theoderick ; or from tre-derricky the dwelling
of the sexton or grave-digger.
TREDETHY. From Tredeathy in St. Maben, etymolo-
gically the same as Trethewy.
TREDIDON. From the barton of Tredidon in St.
Stephen's, near Launceston, formerly the seat of the family,
but now or late of George Francis Collins Browne, Esq.
The last part of the name may be that of the owner ; or the
whole name may be from tre-dyddan, the pleasant habitation
(W. dyddari) ; or from tre-didoriy the dwelling by the turf
(W. didon),
TREDINHAM. See Teedbnham.
TREDINNICK, var. TREDINICK, TREDENNICK,
TREDENICK, TRENPINNICK. From Tredinnick, an
estate in the parish of St. Breock, which, according to
Lysons, was inhabited by the family until the extinction of
the elder male line, before the year 1531. Tredinnick is
also the name of places in Duloe, Landrake, Lanhydrock,
Lanivet, Luxulion, Newlyn, and St. Issey. The name is
from tre-denick, -thenick, the hilly dwelling or place.
TREDREA, TREDREE. From Tredrea in the parish
of St. Earth ; from tre-draith, the gravel or sand town, or
the dwelling on the sandy shore. Tonkin translates the
name " the thoroughfare town," from its lying on the way
from Trewinnard to the church.
TREDUD WELL. From Tredudwell, called by Gilbert
Treegoodwell, in Lanteglos-by-Fowey. The name was
perhaps originally Tretydvil, the town of Tydfil or Tudfil,
the Welsh saint of that name. Tydvil or Tudfyl the
Martyr, daughter of Brychan, Prince of Brycheiniog, in the
fifth century, gave the distinguishing appellation to
I 2
116 PATBOKTMICA
MerthTT Tydvil in Wales. Treadwell and Tredwell would
seem to be the same name as Tredndwell.
TREDWELL. See Tbbdudwbll.
TREDWEN. From tre-gwyn^ -gwydny •widn^ the white
dwelling. There is Tredwen in Davidstow.
TREEN. From the manor of Treen in Zennar, ety-
mologically connected with the neighbouring promontory,
Trereen Dinas. Plyce renders Treh&n, the summer town ;
and Trereen, the fortified or fighting place. Tr^rine would
mean the dwelling by the river ; and trt'rhynj the abode
by the hill ; but the name may even be from tre-Aeaa, the
old town.
TREEVES. See TBEViflA.
TREE AY. See Tbefet.
TREFELENS. See Tbevbllancb.
TREFETHEN. A name found in the United States ; a
corruption of Trevethen. See Tbevbthan.
TREFEY, TREFAY, TREFFEY. D. Gilbert says
the manor of Trefrize or Trefy*(ii^ Linkinhome) is said to
have belonged, at a remote period* to the family of Trefey.
But see Tbbfbt.
TREFFEY. See Tbbpbt.
TREFFRYE, TREFRYE. See Tbefbt.
TREFRONICK, TREVRONCK. From Trefrink in
Gorran, the French town or dwelling ; or from Trewronick
in St. Alleu, the town of frogs or lizards [wronick^ tvronag,
a frog). Tonkin thinks Trefronick a contraction from tre-
vor-in-ick, the dwelling in the way to the rivulet. " Allan
Trevronck was living in great respectability at Trevronck
in the reign of Edw. III." (C. S. Gilbert.)
TREFRY, TREFRYE, TREFFREY, TREFFRY,
CORNU-BRITANNIC A. 1 1 7
TREFFRYE, TREVRY. From Trefry in Lanhydrock ;
from trt'/ryy the dwelling on a hill (Jry^ a nose, then a hill;
vre^ a hill, mountain). From this name we have, by cor-
rnption, Turffrey, Trefay, Trefey, Treffey, Renfree, Renfrey,
Renfry, Renphry, Remfry, Remfrey, Remphry, and Refry.
TREFUSIS. From Trefusis in Mylor or Milor ; from
tre-Jus-eSy tre-foz^es, the walled or intrenched dwelling.
Tonkin says this family, imagining themselves to be of
French extraction, gave for their arms, in allusion to their
name. Argent, a chevron, between three fusees, or harrow-
spindles, Sable.
TREGADILLOCK. A probable corruption of Trevad-
lock, q, V. The family is now merged in the female branch.
Some say " Tregadillock, cdiaa Trevadillock."
TREGAGA, or TRESAGA. Hals says this family was
probably named from Tregaga or Tregage in Ruan Lany-
horne. There is a place called Tresuggan in St. Golumb
Major ; perhaps from tre^sugga, the moist or boggy dwelling.
But see Tbeago.
TREGAGLE, TREGEAGLE, TREGALE. From
Tregagle in the parish of St. Probus ; from tre-gagle,
^eagle, the dirty town or dwelling.' The Tregagle family
of Trevorder in St. Breock is extinct. To this family
belonged John Tregagle, an arbitrary magistrate and local
tyrant of the days of the Stuarts, whose ghost still hauats
the wilds of Cornwall. ** One of this family having become
unpopular," says D. Gilbert, *' the traditions respecting a
mythological personage have been applied to him. The
object of these tales of unknown antiquity was, like 'Orestes,
continually pursued by an avenging being, from whom he
could find refuge only from time to time by flying to the
118 PATSONYMICA
cell or chapel on Roach Rock, till at last his fate was
changed into the performance of a task to exhaust the water
from Dozmere, with an implement less adapted, if possible,
for its appropriate work than were the colanders given to
the daughter of Danaus :
>
Hoc' ut opinor, id est 8bto florente pnellas,
Quod memorant, laticem pertusum congerere in yas,
Quod tamen ezpleri nulla ratione pote8t[ur].
Tregagle is provided simply with a limpet-shell having a
hole bored through it, and with this he is said to labour
without intermission ; in dry seasons flattering himself that
he has made some progress towards the end of his work ;
but when rain commences, and the ^ omnis effusus labor *
becomes apparent, he is believed to roar so loudly, in utter
despair, as to be heard from Dartmoor Forest to the Land's
End/'
TREGALLES. See Tregelles.
TREGANELL. See Tregonwell.
TREGANOAN, TREGANOWAN. From Treganoon
in Lanivet ; from treg*n'Woon^ the dwelling on the down or
common.
TREGANYAN. From treg-an-jein, the cold dwelling.
Pryce renders Treg^anAany the cold dwelling, or on the sea-
shore. Tonkin derives Treganyan from tre-gan-f/than, the
furzy town on the downs.
TREGARE. See Tregeare.
TREGARRICK, TREGARICK, TREGARREK.
From Tregarrick in the parish of Roche, formerly the seat
of this family, of which John Tregarrick was M.P. for
Truro, temp. 7 Rich. II. Tregarrick is also the appellation
of places in Menheriot and Pelynt. The name is from tre-
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 119
carrichy the dwelling bj the rock ; or the same as Tregerrick
or Tregery, which Pryce renders the green or fruitful place,
or the dwelling of love.
TREGARTHEN, TREGARTHAN, TREGARTHYN.
From Tregarthen in Ludgvan ; from treg-ar^den^ the dwell-
ing upon the hill ; or treg-arth-en, the dwelling upon the
high place.
TREGARTHIAN. From Tregarthian in Gorran,
where, according to C. S. Gilbert, the family were seated
temp. Edw. I. or earlier ; from root of Tregarthen, q. v.
TREGASKASS, TREGASKIS. From Tregassick ;
from tre-gasa, the dirtj place (gasaj casa, dirty). Hence the
names Tregassan and Le Gassick. But see Tseyascus.
TREGASKING. See Trequsking.
TREGASKIS. See Tregaskass.
TREGASSAN. See Tbegaskass.
TREGAY. See Trbgew.
TREGEA. From Tregea in lUogan parish ; from tre-
kea, the enclosed dwelling. But see Trbgew.
TREGEAGLE. See Tregagle.
TREGEANv From Tregean in Egloskerry. See
Tregian.
TREGEARE, TREGEAR, TREGERE, TREGARE.
From Tregeare in the parish of Or o wan, where the family
were resident as late as 1732. Richard Tregeare of Tre-
geare was sheriff of the county in 1704. The local name
is from tre-geare, the green or fruitful place.
TREGEDICK. A family that dwelt at the manor of
Tregavethan in Kenwyn. The name is probably the same
as Tregoddick, q. v.
TREGELLES, TREGELLAS, TREGILLIS, TRE-
120 PATBOKTMICA
6ALLES. From Tregelles in St. Kew, or Tregellas in
Lndgvan ; from tre-gelli^ the town of hazels ; or tre-kelli,
the dwelling in the grove.
TREGENA. See Treoekna*
TREGENDEB. From tre^n-dour^ the dwelling upon or
near the water.
TREGENNA, TREGENA, TREGENNO. From
Tregenna in St. Ives, or Tregenna in Blisland ; from root
of Tregunno, q, r.
TREGENZA. See Tbkoenzeb.
TREGENZER. From treg-'n-sair, the dwelling of the
woodman or carpenter. Hence, perhaps, Tregenza.
TREGERE. See Tbeobabb.
TREGERTHY. From treg-ar-thi/, -thewy^ the dwelling
upon the water. But see Tregubtha.
TREGEW, TREGUE. From Tregew or Tregue
(Tregou) in Lansalloes ; according to Hals, the open or
javelin town. The name is rather from tre-gew-geu^ the
ifiourishing place. Of. the name Tregaj.
TREGGON. From Tregoon in Alternun, or Tregone in
Michaelstow^ which formerly belonged to the Mayows, and
is now or was lately property of Mr. Hockin ; from tre^
gUiUy the dwelling on the down.
TREGIAN, pron. Trudgeon. From the manor of Tregjn
or Tregian in Probus ; or from Tregideon in Cury, which
Pryce derives from treg-i-gian^ the giant's dwelling. But
these names, as well as Tregean, Tregion, Tregyon, Trejean,
Tregideon, Trudgeon, Trudgian, Trugeon, Tregidga, Tre-
gidgo, Tregido, may also be from tre-CHdeon^ the dwelling
of Gideon ; or from tre-goony the dwelling on the down.
Hence perhaps the name Treiagn. But see TBEGtooK.
CORNU-B BITAKKICA. 12 1
TREGIDEON, TREGIDGA. See Tbbgian.
TBEGIDGO. From Tregidheo in Creed ; from root of
Tregian.
TREGIDO. See Tregian.
TREGILGAS, TREGIL6US. From tre-chil-g^s, the
dwelling by the ridge of the wood.
TREGILLIS. See Tregelles.
TREGION. See Tbegian.
TREGLAWN. See Treglohan.
TREGLIDWITH. From Trelidgwith in Constantine ;
from tre-kledh-wiihy the dwelling on the left breach or sepa-
ration ; or from tre'lug^unth^ the dwelling by the woody tower.
TREGLISSAN. From Treglisson in Phillack, inhabited
for many years by the family of Nichols, who held the free-
hold ; from tre^glds-an, the green or grey dwelling.
TREGLOAA. From Trelow in St. Issey, which Pryce
renders the lousy town ; or from Treloy, which he translates
the hoary or musty town. A more reasonable etymology
would be from tre-Zooe, the dwelling by the pool. But see
TBEGtOHAN.
TREGLOHAN, TREGLOWAN, TREGLOWN,
TREGLAWN. From tre-glawn, the wool town. But see
Tbelawny.
TREGO. The same as Treago, q. v.
TREGODDICK, TREGODOCK. From an estate
named Tregaddick, Tregoddick, or Treguddick, in South
Petherwin, the ancient inheritance of the family, who are
said to have become extinct temp. Chas. I. There is also a
place called Treguddick in Egloshayle. The name is from
tre-god'icky the woody dwelling. See also Trecothick.
TREGONAN. See Tbegoning.
122 PATBONTMICA
TREGONEBRIS. From tre-gtin^rds, the dwelling bj
the great down or common. D. Gilbert (in Newlin) says
the manor of Degembris (which looks like the same name)
was ODe of those forfeited bj Francis Tregian, Esq.
TREGONELL, TREGONNELL. See Trkgonwell.
TREGONING, TREGONNING, TRE60NAN. From
Tregoning in Mawgan in Pjder, Tregonnen in Petherick,
or Tregonnan in St. Ewe or in Manaccan ; from tre-gonanj
the dwelling on the downs. Prjce translates Tre-gonin,
the dwelling enclosed on the common.
TREGONNING. See Trkgoning.
TREGONWELL, TREGONWEL, TREGONELL,
TREGONNELL, TREGUNNEL, TREGANELL. From
Tregonwell, name of places in Crantock and Manaccan.
Shirley says the pedigree is traced only to the latter
part of the 14th century. Pollen speaks of them as
having " builded many places/' and possessed '^ many lands
and manors before the Norman Conqaest." The name may
mean the dwelling of Gunnell or Connell ; its ancient pro-
prietor, Gunnell, is found as a surname. Tre-gHn^-uhdl
would translate the dwelling on the high down.
TREGORS. From tre-gors, -korSy the dwelling by the
gorse. Hence the local name Penkors in St. Enodor.
TREGORTHA. See Trbgurtha.
TREGOSE, TREGOSSE. See Tregoz.
TREGOTHICK. See Trecothick.
TREGOTHNAN. From Tregothnan in St. Michael
Penkevil, which Pryce translates the old town on the plain,
or in the valley {tre^goth-nan). Tonkin renders the local
name, *' the old town in the valley ; a name suitable to the
situation of the old house, althoiigh not of the new one."
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 123
The eldest male line of the family became extinct in the
14th century.
TREGO W. Hals says, " Trewothike in St. Anthony in
Kerrier was formerly the lands of Tregow, gentlemen that
flourished there for several generations in good fame and
credit till about the middle of the reign of Charles II.;**
and he renders the name, the wood town. (See Trego w-
STH.) I derive it from tre^ofy the place of the smith. But
see Tbeqew.
TREGO WETH. From tre-govyth, -guydh, ^gyth, -tvyth,
the dwelling by the wood.
TREGO YE, or TREGO YES. From an estate so named.
** The family of Tregoye or Tregoyes ranked amongst the
nobles of England at the accession of William the Con-
queror." (Lower, quoting Carew's " Survey of Cornwall.")
The name is perhaps the same as Tregow or Tregew, q. v,
respectively.
TREGOZ, TREGOZE, TREGOSE, TREGOSSE,
TREAGTJS. From tre-cos, -^goose, the dwelling in or near
the wood. " The first-recorded ancestor of the family (of
Tregoz), who were ennobled in three branches, was William
de Tregoz, who in the fifth year of King Stephen had the
lands of William Peverell of London in farm. His de-
scendants were much connected with the county of Sussex."
{Lower,) D. Gilbert gives the local name, Tregoss Moor.
There are also Tregoss in Roche, Tregoose in Mawgan in
Meneage, and a place called Trengosse.
TREGRAHAN. A family now merged in that of Car-
lyon. From tre-grean, the gravel dwelling. There is a
place called Tregrenna in Alternun.
TREGUE. See Tregew.
124 PATRONYMIC A
TBEGULLAN, TREGULLA. From Tregullan in
Lanivet. From tre-gol-ariy the holy town or dwelling.
Prjce renders the local name EngoUan, ^^ the bottom."
TREGUNNEL. See Treqonwell.
TREGUNNO. From Tregunno in St. Ewe ; from tre-
genauy the dwelling at the mouth or entrance, from its
situation near the downs ; or from tre-gHnnoWy the dwelling
on the downs. Hence Tregenna, Tregenno, and Tregena.
TREGURTHA, TREGORTHA. From the manor of
Tregurtha in St. Hilary ; from tre-gorha^ the town for hay.
TREGURY. The same name as Tregurtha^ q. v.
Lysons says that in the parish of St. Wenn is situate Tre-
gury, Tregurra, or Tregurtha, the seat of a family so called,
of whom was Michael de Tregury, Archbishop of Dublin,
who died in 1411.
TREGUSKING, TREGASKING. From the local
name Tregiskey, which Pryce and Polwhele render " the
blessed town ;'' but grU-kein would also mean " the woody
promontory ;" and tre-gissy^ ** the woody dwelling." The
name, however, is more probably from tre^guskySy the shel-
tered dwelling {guakys^ a covert, shelter).
TREGYON. See Tbegian.
TREHAIR, TRAHAIR, TREHAR, TRAER. From
tre-hiry the long town ; or tre-heiry the place of battle.
There is a place named Trehire in Lanreath.
TREHANE. From Trehane in Probus, or Trehane in
Davidstow ; from tre-haney the old dwelling ; or, as others
i^ay, from tre-hdn, the summer town. Hence, by contrac-
tion, the surnames Train and Drain.
TREHAR. See Trehair.
TREHARNE. See Trehern.
COBNU-BBITANN ICA. 125
TREHAYABIEE. This name may be from Trevorick
in St. lesej ; from tre'Vor^ick^ the great dwelling. Hals
gives a Trehavock in Menherriot, which he renders *^ a place
for hawks ;" and he says the latter is a surname. But see
Tbehawke.
TBEHAWEE. From Trehawk in Menherriot; from
tre^haugh^ the upper town. Hals says : " Tre-hayock in
Menheniot — i. e. the hawk town— <-was taxed in Domesday
(1087) as the yoke-lands of a parish or manor, which is
now suitably called, after the Cornish English, Tre-hauhe ;
for that it seems heretofore it was a place notable for
keeping, mewing, or breeding hawks (or for that those lands
were held by the tenure of paying hawks to its lord) ;
from which place was denominated an old family of gen-
tlemen surnamed de Tre-havJce ; who gaye for their arms, in
a field Sable, a cheyron between three hawks.**
TREHEARNE. See Tkeheen.
TREHERN, TREHERNE, TREHARNE, TRE-
HEARNE, TRAHERN, TRAHERNE, TRAY-
HEARNE. From trt'lioamy the iron dwelling. Treheme
or Trahern is also an ancient Welsh personal name. Tr&-
hern ap Caradoc was Prince of North Wales, 1073.
TREIAGN. See Trjsgian.
TREIAGU. Tonkin giyes a John de Treiagu as sheriff
17 Edw. n. This may be the same name as Tregew, g. v.
TREICE. See Trbais.
TREINEER. See Tbenbab.
TREISE. See Tbbais.
TREJAGO. See Treaqo,
TREEELLERN. From Trekelleam in Lezant; from
tre-kelin, the dwelling by the hoUy-tree.
126 PATRONYMIC A
TREKYNIN. From tre-kynin^ the abode of rabbits.
Prjce renders Trekinnin, the town of leeks or strife
{hinin^ a leek). Hals translates Trekjning in St. Colomb
Major, the king's, prince's, or ruler's town.
TRELAGO. From Trelogoe, or Treclogoe, in Advent ;
from tre-lakka, the dwelling near the well, pit, or rivulet.
TRELANDER. From tre-Landery the town of Lander,
q. v.; or tre-lan^dar, the dwelling bj the church oak.
Hals translates Treland in Keverne, the temple town, or a
town notable for land.
TRELASE, TRELEASE. From Trelease, name of
places in Kea, Ruan Major, and Ruan Minor ; from tre-glasej
the green dwelling.
TRELASK, TRELASB^E. Jrom tre-losc, the burnt
town. There is Trelaske in Peljnt, and Trelaske in
Cubert ; and Fryce gives a Trelosk in Lanwannick. There
is also a Treloskin in Cury.
TRELAWDER. From tre4ader, the dwelling of the
thief ; or, as Pryce says, the town of the thieves.
TRELAWNY, var. TRELAWNAY, TRELAWNEY,
TRELAWNYE, TRELAWNEE, TRELWNAY. An
ancient and celebrated family that took its name from the
barton of Trelawny, in the parish of Alternun ; from ire^
lauTij the open or clean town. There is also a place called
Trelawny (formerly Trelawn) in Pelynt. Under the picture
of Hen. y. which stood formerly on the gate at Launceston
was the following rhyme :
He that will do aught for me.
Let him love well Sir John Trelawnee.
«
And there was an ancient saying in Cornwall, that a
CORNU-BEITANNICA, 1 27
Godolphin was never known to want wit ; a Trelawny,
courage ; a Glanville, loyaltj.
TRELEASE. See Trblase.
TRELEAVEN, TRELEAVIN. See Trblevan.
TRELEDDRA. From tre-ledry -Udra^ the town on the
cliff or steep hill ; or the place for stockings {lydru\ sajs
Pryce. But see TsELtrBBA.
TRELEGGAN. From Treleggan in Constantine ; from
trC'helygan, the dwelling of the willows.
TRELEGO. From tre-lakka, the dwelling by the rivulet,
well, or pit.
TRELEVAN, var. TRELEAVEN, TRELEAVIN,
TRELIVING, TRELEWAN. From Trelaven or Tre-
levan in Mevagissey ; " which," says D. Gilbert, " be-
longed for several generations to the family of- Trewolla,
of Trewolla in St. Goran ;** or from Trelaven in St. Den-
nis. Pryce renders the local name Treleven, the open
or bare place (tre'levm) ; and Trelevan (Mevagissey), the
dwelling-place above, or on high. The Trelevans held
Mudgeon in St. Martin's in Meneage. Hence the surname
Trelevant, mentioned as a surname by D. Gilbert, under
Morva.
TRELEVANT, TRELEWAN. See Trblbvan.
TRELIVING. See Teblevan.
TRELOAR, TRELOER, TRELOOR. According to
Pryce, from tre'loary the moon town ; but perhaps from
tre'litar, the garden town.
TRELOOR. See Treloar.
TRELOWETH, TRELOWTHA. From Treloweth in
St. Earth ; from tre-loweth^ -lowarth, the garden town.
TRELOWICK. From Trelewick (mentioned by D.
128 PATRONYMIC A
Gilbert) in St. Ewe ; from tre-lew-ich^ the dwelling by the
pool or lake.
TRELOWTHA. See Tbelowkth.
TRELUDDERIN. From tre-ladrouy the town of the
thieves. See Tbelawdeb.
TRELUDRA, TRELUDRO. Prom Treluddra in New-
lyn. Prjee writes the local name Treluddero, which he
renders the miry town of oaks {lu€dy luth^ miry, filth).
But see Treleddra and Trelawdeb.
TRELUDRO W. See Tbeludra.
TRELWNAY. See Trelawnt.
TRELYNIKE. From Trenlynike in Egles^kerry ;
from tre'clan'tckf the head of the place of elms.
TRELYON. From tre^liny the flax or linen place.
There is Trelyn in Alternun. The name in Welsh might
translate the dwelling by the streams {tre-llion).
TREMAIN, TREMAINE. From Tremaine In Eaat
hundred ; from root of Tremayn, q. v.
TREMANHEER, TREMANHEEBE. See Trbmw^
BE EBB.
TREMARNE, TBEMEARNE. From tre-warm, the
dwelling by the alder-tree.
TREMAYN, TREMAYNE. From Tremayue in
Crowan, said to mean the town on the shore or sea-coaet ;
but perhaps rather from tre'mean^ 'mm, the stone town,
TREMBANT. From tre-ban, the dwelling on the hill,
or the high dwelling. There is Trebant water in TaUand
parish ; and Trembant and Trebant are the same word.
TREMBARTH. From Trebartha, which Pryce renders
the high or wondei*ful town.
TBEMBATH, TRENBATH, TREMBETH. From
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 129
iren-bathy the town for money ; or tren^hedh^ 'beth, the grove
dwelling. There is a Trembath in Maddern.
TREMBLANT. A corruption of Trembant, q. v.
TREMBLE. See Trebell.
TREMBLETH. See Tremblett.
TREMBLETT, TREMBLETH. From the local name
Trembleth, which Pryce renders the wolfs town (tren-bleit).
Hals says, " Trembleigh, Trembleth, alias Trembleith, alias
Tremblot (in St. Ervan), synonymous terms, signifies the
wolf's town. From this place was denominated an ancient
family of gentlemen, who, suitable to their name, gave the
wolf for their arms." Hence the surnames Tremlett,
Trimlett, Trumlett, and Tremle.
TREMBRAZE. From Trembraze in the parish of
Leskeard ; from tre-, tren-brds, the great dwelling ; or tren-
prds, the dwelling in the meadow.
TREMEAN. From root of Tremayn, q. v.
TREMEAR. See Tbemeer.
TREMEER, TREMERE, TREMEAR. From Tre-
meer in Lanteglos by Fowey; or Tremere in Lanivet ; from
tre-mer, the great town. Hence the names Trimmer and
Trummer.
TREMELLAN, TREMELLEN. See Tremelling.
TREMELLING, TREMILLING, TREMELLEN,
TREMELLAN. From tre'mellin^ the mill town; or tre-
melyn, the yellow dwelling.
TREMENHEERE, TREMENHERE, TREMAN-
HEER, TREMANHEERE. From Tremenheere in
Ludgvan ; from tre-nxen-hiry the stone town.
TREMERE. See Tremeeb.
TREMEWAN. From Tremoane in Pillaton ; from ire-
K
1 30 PATEONTMICA
meauj the stone dwelling. Hence Fremewan. See Tre-
MAYN.
TREMILLING. See Tremelling.
TREMLE, TREMLETT. See Tremblett.
TREMOGH. From Tremough or Tremogh in Mabe ;
from tre-mSh, the hog's place ; " and," says Gilbert, " the
street leading to Tremogh from Penryn is now called
Pig's Street." Tremogh might also translate the smoky
dwelling (tre-mog).
TREMOR. From Tremore or Tremere (in Domesday,
Tremer) in Lanivet ; from tre-veor, the great dwelling or
town.
TRENACO. From Trenake in Pelynt, or Trenaig in
St. Breock ; from tren-hagh, the upper dwelling ; or tre-
neage, the mossy dwelling. Hals gives a Trenake in
Talland ; and Polwhele a Treneage in St. Stephen's in
Brannel. which he renders the mossy dwelling ; and Tre-
venege in St. Hillary, which he translates the dwelling of
moss, mossy house. Pryce renders Trenneage, the mossy
or thatched dwelling, or the deaf town ! Hence the name
Trannack.
TRENAMAN, TRENEMAN. From tren-maen, the
stone town ; or from Trenewan in Lansalloes ; from tren-
oan, the lamb's cot ; or treu'wan, the high dwelling, or the
dwelling on the hill.
TRENANALL. See Trenhail.
TRENANCE. From Trenance, the name of places in
or near Issey, Mawgan in Pyder, Newlyn, and Quethiock ;
from tre-nansy the dwelling in the valley. The arms of
Trenance are three swords, in allusion to their name, by
some thought to be a corruption of Triensis.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 131
TRENARREN, TRENARAN, TRENORREN. From
Trenarren in St. Austell, which was the property of Samuel
Hext, attorney-at-law. Hals says Trenaran means " the still
lake, leat, creek, cove, or bosom of waters." I should rather
derive the name from tren-arth-auy the dwelling on the height.
TRENAWICK. From root of Treonike, q. v.
TRENBATH. See Trembath.
TRENCER. From tren-kery the dear or pleasant dwelling.
TRENCREEK. From Trencreek in Blisland; or Tren-
crick in St. Genuys ; from tren-creeg, the dwelling by the
creek; or tren-cryk, the dwelling by the barrow.
TRENCROW. From tren-crow, the dwelling of or by
the cross.
TRENDALL. From tren-deall, the dwelling liable to
be submerged (diel, dyel^ deall^ a deluge) ; tren-dal, the
dwelling of the blind man ; or tren-dSl, the dwelling in the
dale. There is Trendeal in Ladock.
TRENDER, TRINDER, TRENDERA. From tren^
dotir, the dwelling by the water ; or tren-dar^ the oak
dwelling. But all three names may be the same with
Tredrea, q. v,
TRENDINNICK. See Tredinnick.
TRENEAR, TREINEER. From Trenear in Crowan ;
or Treneer in Madron. Probably the same with Trenery, q, v,
Trener is found in the Directory of Devonshire. Trenner is
also a surname.
TRENEMAN. See Trenaman.
TRENER. See Trenear.
TRENERY, TRENERRY. From tren-er, the eagle
town ; or tren-earth, the high town ; or perhaps rather from
tren'here, the long town;
K 2
132 PATRONYMIC A
TRENESST. From tren-Issetf, the dwelliDg of St Issey.
There is the parish of St. Issey in Pjder hundred, and
Tresinny in Advent.
TRENGOFF, TRENGOVE. Some translate this
name, the strong smith ; but it means rather the smith's
dwelling (tren-goff). Hence, by corruption, Trengrove.
TRENGONE. From tren-g^n, the dwelling by the down
or common. Carew says that Trengone, from living at Nance,
took the name of Nance.
TRENGORE. From Trengare in St. Gennys ; from
tren^gearey -guer, the green or flourishing town. Tregear is
the name of places in Crowan, Ladock, and Mawgan in
Meneage ; and there is Tregeare in Laneast.
TRENGOVE. See Tbengofp.
TRENGREENE. From the manor of Trengreene or
Tregoryon in St. Blazey ; from tren^rean, the dwelling by
the gravel (pits).
TRENGROUSE. From tren-guarhaz, the town on the
summit ; or tren-croua, the dwelling by the cross.
TRENGROVE. See Trengopf.
TRENHAIL, TRENHAYLE, TRENHEALE, TREN-
ANALL. From Treuale in the pai*ish of Tintagel ; from
tre^n-hale, the dwelling by the moor ; or tren-hail, the boun-
tiful or great town ; or perhaps rather from Trenhayle
in St. Earth ; from tren-Haiky the dwelling by the Haile or
salt-nvater river. Hals says, ** Trenhayle in St. Earth (the
stout, strong, or rapid river) gave name and original to an
old family of gentlemen, from thence denominated Tren-
hayle, whose sole inheritrix, temp. Edw. III., was married
to Tencreek."
TRENHEALE. See Trenhail.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 1 33
TRENNER. See Trenear.
TRENORREN. See Trenarren.
TRENOUTH. See Trenowith.
TRENOW. From Trenow, which Pryce renders noisy
town {rww, noise). But see Trenowith.
TRENOWITH, TRENOUTH, TRENOWETH, TRE-
NOWTH. From Trenowith, an estate in the parish of
Probus, where dwelt, in 12 Edw. III., Michael de Trenowith,
one of the knights of Cornwall (there is Trenouth in Luxu-
lion, and Trenoweth in Crowan and Gwinnear) ; from tre-
noweth, the new town ; or tre-noth, the bare or exposed
dwelling. Cf. the name Trenow.
TRENWITH. From Trenwith in the parish of St. Ives,
where the family flourished for many centuries ; from tre-
enwith, the dwelling among ash-trees. The family name
was originally Bayliff.
TREONIKE. Hals says, " Treon-ike (Sax.-Cornish) in
St. Allen, trees on the lake, spring, leate, or bosom of
waters ; or from tre-on-ikey the town or tenement situate on
the lake or river of water ;" but the name might also be from
tre-gun-icky the dwelling in the down place. Trewinnick
means the dwelling on the marsh ; and there is a Trennick
in Gorran.
TREPESS. From tre-vez, the dwelling in the meadow
or open field.
TRERELLEVAR. From tre-le-vary the dwelling by the
great place ; or tre-rhyll-veor, the dwelling by the great
cleft.
TRERICE, TRERISE, TRERIZE. From Trerice in
St. Allen, which Pryce renders " the town on the decline
of the hill." He gives also the verb reese, to flit or slide
134 PATRONYMIC A
awaj, to rush out, and several local names derived there-
from. The name, however, may simply mean " the dwelling
of Rice."
TEERIZE. See Tberice.
TRERY, TREURY. From tre-vry, the town on the hill.
TRESADERN. From Tresodren in Ruan Major, or
Tresadarne in St. Columb Major, which Pryce renders the
strong town {pre^sadam^ for cadam^ strong). Hals, speak-
ing of Castell-an-Dinas in St. Columb, says, " Moreover,
contiguous with this castle, are tenements of lands or fields,
named Tre-saddame, that is to say, god Saturn's town, a
place where the god Saturn was worshipped by the soldiers,
who probably had their temple or chapel here before
Christianity " ! See D, Gilbert, i. 219. Hence Tresidden,
Tresider, Tresidder, ^Tressider, Treseder, Treziddar, Tre-
zidder.
TRESAGA. See Tregaga.
TRESAHAR. From Tresare ; from tre-sair^ the wood-
man's or carpenter's town. Hence no doubt the surname
Treasure.
TRESAWELL. From tre-sawell, the healthy dwelling
(saw-ell, that giveth health, healthful). Sawle is a sur-
name.
TRESAWNA, TRESONNA. From tre-sawan, the
dwelling near the mere or sea-gate.
TRESCOTHICK. See Treoothick.
TRE SCOTT. See Truscott.
TRESE. See Tbeais.
TRE SEAN. From Tresean in Cubert ; from tres-htdn^
the old dwelling, or the dwelling by the bay, port, or haven.
Pryce renders Reseven, Roseyhan^ the plentiful vale.
COBNU-BRIT ANNICA. 135
TRE SEDER. See Tbbsadern.
TRESEVEAN, From Treyesean in Gwennap ; from
treS'Vean, the little town.
TRESIDDEN, TRESIDDER, TRESIDER. See
Tbesadern.
TRESILIAN, TRESILLIAN. According to some,
this name means place for eels, or in open view {sel, sil^
8ul, a view, prospect) ; but I am inclined to think the local
name may have had its appellation from St. Silian or Sulien ;
whence the parish of St. Silian or Salien, co. Cardigan, in
Wales.
TRESITHNEY. Perhaps the old name of Sithney in
Kerrier hundred. The name Sithney is said to be a cor-
ruption of St. Midinnia, the tutelar saint of the place. Pol-
"whele renders Sithney {sith'-ney), the bishop's land.
TRESIZE. See Tbeziese.
TRESKEWIS. From tre-shez, the dwelling in the shady
place.
TRESONNA, See Tbesawna.
TRESSIDER. See Tresadern.
TRESTAIN. From Trestain in Ruan Lanihome ; from
tre^stean, the tin town.
TRESTRAIL. Pryce renders Tre-strail, the town for
mats made of sedges or rushes ; or the tapestry town.
Strail signifies tapestry, also a mat.
TRETGOTHNAN. From root of Tregoning, q. v.'
TRETHAKE. From Trethake in Lanteglos-by-Fowey;
from tre-tegy thek, the fair or pleasant town.
TRETHALL, TRYTHALL. From Trethale in
Crowan, or Truthall in Ludgvan ; from tn^t-hale, the dwell-
ing by the moor, or treH-hdly the dwelling on the hill.
1 36 PATRON YMICA
Pryce renders the local name Truthell, a barren moor
(truath'kdl) ; or high town (jre-uJial) ; or entrance of the
moor (treuth'hdl).
TRETHAWAN. See Trethoan.
TRETHEARTH, TRETHERDE. From tret-arth, the
lofty dwelling. Hence the village of Earth in Carminow
in Mawgan ; from arthy high, loftj.
TRETHERDE. See Tretheabth.
TRETHERFE. See Trethurffe.
TRETHERIS. From Tretherls in St. Allen ; from tre-
thres, the barren dwelling ; or treH-ar-iSy the dwelling by
the corn. Hals says there were extant at Tretheris the
walls and ruins of an ancient iree chapel and cemetery,
built perhaps by the bishops of Cornwall and Exon, when
they resided at the contiguous Lanher.
TRETHEWAY, TRETHEWEY, TRETHEWY.
From Trethewey in Ruan Lanihorne, or Trethewy in
Lanivet, or Trethevy in South Petherwin. Pryce renders
Trethewy, the town by the water, or the holy town by the
water {deu, God ; thour^ a river, brook ; gy, vy, wy, water,
river, brook). These names may also be from tre-thew-yy the
dwelling by the dark water : or from tre-Dewy, the town of
David. Hence the name Trewethy, and, by further corrup-
tion, Freathy, Freethy, Frethey.
TRETHINICK. Another orthography of Tredinnick,
q* V,
TRETHOAN, TRETHOWAN, TRETHAWAN. From
tre-thoivay the dwelling by the water, or tf^et^hedtiy the old
dwelling ; or perhaps rather from tre-towany the dwelling
by a heap of sand. Hence the jiames Trethowoam and, by
further corruption, Prethowan.
COBNU-BEITANNICA. 137
TRETHOSA. From Trethosa, near St. Austell ; from
tre-thous, the downward town, or tre-thoway the town by the
water.
TRETHOWAN, TRETHOWOAM. See Trethoan.
TRETHURFFE, TRETHURFE, TRETHURF,
TRETHERFE, TRETHYRFE. From Trethurffe in
Ladoek, where, according to tradition, this family was
located before the Norman Conquest. The elder line
ended with John Trethurffe, knight of Cornwall, temp.
15 Hen. VI. (See D, Gilbert.) The local name may be
from tret-erf y the brisk, gay, or lively dwelling ; or the last
part of the name from an early owner. But see Tbeth-
EARTH.
TRETHYN. From Trethyn in Advent, or Trethyn in
Altarnun ; from tret-hean, the old dwelling. In William of
Worcester's Itinerary we find, " Castellum Trethyn dirutum
in fine occidentalissima CornubisB."
TRETHYRFE. See Trethurffe.
TREUAGNIAN, TREUANIAN. See Trevannion.
TREUILIAN. See Trevelyan.
TREUISA, TREUSE. See Trbvisa.
TREURY. See Trery.
TREVADLOCK. From Trevadlock, formerly Trevad-
lack, in Lewanick ; perhaps the same name as Trevellack.
See Trevellick.
TREVAGES. Tre-uag would signify the dwelling in
the hollow ; but this name is more probably another ortho-
graphy of Trevalga, q, v,
TREVAIL. From tre-velly the well town ; tre-uhaly the
high town ; or tre-valy the wall or fence town. There is
Treveal in Cuthbert, and Treveal in Ladoek.
138 PATEONTMICA
TREVAILOR. From Trevailler in Madderne ; from
tre-vailer^ -vatfler, the workman's town.
TRE VALGA. From the manor of Trevalga (in Domes-
day, Trevaga or Trevalga) in Lesncwith hundred, which
Tonkin derives "from trev-alga, the noble house ; alga signi-
fying noble, as in Inis Alga, an old name for Ireland."
Pryce more correctly renders Trevalga, Trevalgy, "the
town of defence, or walled town near the water " {valy gual,
a wall),
TREVALLION, TREVALYAN. From tre-gual-an,
the wall or fence dwelling ; or the same as Trevillion. See
Teevelyan.
TREVAN, TREWAN. From truan, truin, truyn,
trevariy a promontory, lit. a nose ; or from tre-van, the
dwelling on a hill, or the high dwelling.
TREVANION. See Tbevannion.
TREVANNANCE. From Trevannance in St. Agnes.
Hals gives an absurd etymology. Tonkin writes the local
name Trevannence, which he translates " the town in a valley
of springs ;" but the name is rather from tre-voum'Tumcey
the dwelling in a deep valley.
TREVANNING. See Trevannion.
TREVANNION, var. TREVANION, TREVAN-
NING ; auc. Treuanian and Treuagnian. The name is
said to mean a town in a hollow plain or valley {uag^ a
hollow). [There is a place called Trevanin in St. Breock.]
Richards (W. Diet.) derives Trefannian from tref-annian;
from Annian, an ancient proprietor of the land; and he
says the trea in Cornwall were for the most part only single
houses, and the word subjoined only the name of a Briton
who was once the proprietor ; thus, Tref-Erbin, Tref-
COBN U-BRIT ANNIC A. 139
Annian, Tre-Grerens, Tre-Lownydd. There were two
Bishops of St. Asaph in Wales, named Anianus or Anian ;
the first of whom, a Cisterciaa monk, was consecrated in
Nov. 1249, and died in Sept. 1266. The name Anian may
be from the Brit, eniauni, jast ; whence Benyon or Bunyan,
i. e., Ap-£niawn, son of Eniawn.
TREVAR. See Trevor.
TREVARRICK. From Trevarrick in Gorran ; from
tre-var-tck, the dwelling upon the creek, brook, or rivulet.
TREVARROW. See Trevobrow.
TREVARS. See Trevor.
TREVARTH, TREVARTEA. From Trevarth in
Gwennap, or Trevartha in Menherriot ; from tre-varth, the
high town.
TREVARTHEN. See Trevarthian.
TREVARTHIAN. Formerly one of the most distin-
guished families in the county. They had their name from
the manor of Trevarthian in the parish of Newlyn, near
Truro ; from tre'varth^an, the high dwelling. Hence the
name Trevarthen.
TREVARTON, TREVERTON. From tre-var-diln, the
dwelling on the hill. Treverton may also be from tre^veor"
ton, the dwelling on the great hill.
TREVASCUS, TREVASKIS, TREVASKISS. From
Trevalscus in Gorran ; from tre-ffual-ciis, the fenced dwell-
ing in the wood. The name would also corrupt from Tre-
gaskass, Tregaskis, q, v.
TREVAZE. From tre-vdzy the good town ; or perhaps
rather from tre-mez, the dwelling in the open field.
TREVE. From <re, tref, a house, dwelling, gentleman's
seat, village, town.
140 PATBONTMICA
TREVEALE, TREVELLE, TREVEALLY. From
Treveal in Cubert, or Treveal in Ladock ; from tre-vealy the
calves' dwelling. " The name and tribe of Treveale are still
extant in Roach and elsewhere in Cornwall." (Hals.)
TREVEAN. From Trevean, name of places in Kea,
Madron, Morvah, and Newlyn ; from tre-veaUf the little
dwelling or town.
TREVEAR. From Trevear in Sennen, or Trevear in
Gorran ; from tre^vearf the great dwelling.
TREVEDRA. Pryce renders Tre'vedren, 'Vy-dran, the
town by the brambly river.
TREVELLACK. See Trevellick.
TREVELLANCE, TREVELLANS. From Trevellance
in St. Peran-Sabulo ; from tre-velliny the mill town. Hence
Trefelens.
TREVELLE. See Treveale.
TREVELLECK. See Trevellick.
TREVELLES. From Trevellas in St. Agnes. From
tref-egliz (Arm. %s), the church dwelling. Hals (quoting
Lysons) renders Trm-elliSy "the son-in-law by the wife's
town ; or, if from tre-vell-eB^ the well or spring of water
town."
TREVELLICK, TREVELLACK, TREVELLECK.
From Trevellick in Creed, or Trevellick in St. Anthony in
Meneage ; from tre'velli/Ti'ick, the dwelling by the mill
stream, or the mill place. Trevallack would signify the
fenced or walled place.
TREVELYAN. From an estate in the parish of St.
Veep, where dwelt, in the reign of Edward L, Nicholas de
Trevelyan, whose ancestors had possessed the property from
a still earlier period. (See Lower, quoting Shirley's " Noble
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 141
and Gentle Men.") There is a place called Trevilian
Bridge in Merthyr. The name is from tre-vylgan, the dwell-
ing of the seaman {yylgy^ the sea), according to tradition,
and the arms of Sir John Trevjlian. The name is also
found written Trevilian, Trevillian, Trevillion, Trevylian,
Trevyllian, Treuilian, Trivellian. But see Treveltn.
TREVELYN. From tref-lyn, the dwelling by the
water ; tre-melyn^ the yellow dwelling ; or tre-velltn, the
dwelling by the mill.
TREVENA, TREVENNA. From Trevena in Tintagel ;
or Trevenna in Creed, or in Mawgan in Pyder ; from tre-
veariy the stone town. Pryce however renders Trevena,
-venna, -vennen, -venner, the bees' town, old town, or
women's town (bennen, a woman). But see Tkevener.
TREVENAN. See Trevenen.
TREVEND. From Trewint, name of places in Altemun,
Landrake, and Menherriot ; from root of Trewin, q, v,
TREVENEN, TREVENAN. From Trevenen (found
Trevennen and Tremenen) in Gorran,* which Tonkin
thinks may mean " the town of birth, in reference to its
fertility ;" but the name is more probably from the root of
Trevena, q, v.
TREVENER, TREVENNER, TREVENOR, TRA-
VENER. From tre-mener, the dwelling on the mountain
or hill. But see Trevena.
TREVENNA. See Trevena.
TREVENNARD. See Trewinard.
TREVENNER. See Trevener.
TREVENNING. From Trevenning in Michaelstowe ;
from tref-hen-euy the old dwelling ; tre-guen-en, the downs'
town ; or tre-gwyn-euy the white town.
142 PATEONTMICA
TREVENOR. See Trevener.
TREVERBYN, TREVERBIN. From Treverbyn in St.
Austin, or Treverbyn in Probus ; according to Richards
(W. Diet.), " the town of Erbin," its ancient proprietor ;
but it may also be from tref-er-^btn, -hyn^ the dwelling on
the hill.
TREVERDER. From tre-ver-dower, the dwelling upon
the water. Hals renders Trevorder in St. Breock, the
further town, or the one most distant. Polwhele translates
Trevorder, Trevordour, the town by the great water, or
on the road by the water.
TREVERDERN. From Trevydran in Burian ; from
tre-vedren, the dwelling by the brambly river (ry, a river,
draen, drane, a thorn).
TREVERLYN. From tre-ver-lyn, the dwelling upon
the water (Zyw, pond, pool). But see Treveltn.
TREVERROW. See Trevorrow.
TREVERTON. See Trevarton.
TREVES. See Trevisa.
TREVETHAN, TREVETHEN. From Trevethan in
Gwennap, from tre-vethan, the meadow town. According
to Pryce, this name may also signify the town among trees,
or the old town ; and he translates Trevethen, the birds'
town. Treveathan would mean the rich or fruitful town.
TREVETHICK, TREVITHICK. From Trevethick
or Trevi thick in St. Ewe, which Hals renders the farmer's,
rustic's, or husbandman's town. Polwhele renders Trevithick,
Trevethick, the town in the meadow on the creek ; but it
is more probably from tre-vythicky the dwelling in the
meadow place.
TREVETHNICK. From Trevenethick in Wendron,
COBNU-BRITANNICA. 143
which Pryce renders the great dwelling (tre-uthy-ick) ; or
from tre-vidn-ick, the dwelling in the meadow place ; or
trC'tuith'tck, the town among the trees. But see Treveth-
ICK, Trevithick.
TREVIADOS. From Treviados, now Treviades, an
estate in the parish of Constantino, where the family resided
temp. Edw. III. The name Treviados is said to mean
" the dwelling by the water that cometh, t. e., the tide ;
from doz, to come."
TREVIHEN. Another orthography of Trevean, q. v.;
or from tre-vyin, the dwelling of stones.
TREVILIAN. See Trevelyan.
TREVILL, TREVILLE, TRAVIL. From Trevil in
St. Sennen ; from tre-vy I, the poor town (vyl, vile, base, mean).
TREVILLIAN. See Trevelyan.
TREVILLINION. From tre-mllinion, the dwelling by
the mills. See Tremellan.
TREVILLION. See Trevelyan.
TREVILLIZIK. From Trevillizik, afterwards Tre-
lizike, in St. Earth. Hals saysj "Trevillizik (now Tre-liz-ik)
signifies the water, gulf, creek-town, as situate upon the
sea banks or cliff; and Chynoweth, when he built Chy-
noweth, parted with his old lands and name of Trevillizik."
Tonkin renders Tre-lis-ick^ a dwelling on the broad creek.
The name Trevillizik is probably from tref-lisick, the bushy
dwelling.
TREVINGY. From tre-vean-gy, the dwelling on or
near the little brook ; or tre'Vynick-gy, the dwelling by the
stony brook. This surname occurs in the copy of a muster
book for the parish of Redruth in 1500 : "Regnald Tre-
vingy doth horse and harness Perkin Jenkin."
144 PATRONYMICA
TREVISA, TREVISSA. From Trevissa in St. Enoder ;
from tre-visay the lower town or dwelling. Gilbert says,
*' The Trevisa family, who became extinct about the end of
the seventeenth century, produced John Trevisa, who, at
an interval of about half a century from John Wickliffe's
translation, made a yersion of the Bible into English, and
died in 1470, at the age of eighty-six." From this name
we may have Travis, Treves, Treeves, Treuse, Treuisa,
and perhaps also Trewsen and Trewissan (tre-vissan), whence
probably the name Yissan ; but some of these might also
translate the intrenched town or dwelling (tre-vose).
TREVISSICK. From Trevisick in St. Agnes, or Tre-
visick in St. Austell ; from tre-vy-icky the dwelling by the
river, Pryce renders Bos-visick, the house near the river's
creek.
TREVITHICK. See Tbevethick.
TREVTVION. See Trevtvian.
TREVOR. From tre-vur. the town on the (Roman)
road ; tre-voTy 'moTj the town by the sea ; or tre-veor, the
great town. Hence, perhaps, Trevar, Trevars. Trevor is
also a Welsh name.
TREVORROW, TREVARROW, TREVERROW,
TROVERROW. From Trevorrow in Ludgvan ; from
tre-uarrahy the higher town ; or from Treveor in Gorran ;
from tre-veoTy the great town.
TREVORVA. From Trevorva in Probus ; from tre-
vor-va, the dwelling at the ford place ; or tre-warthay the
higher dwelling. Tonkin renders Trevorva, the dwelling on
the good road (tre'vor-vay va for da)y " but called so, I suppose,
by the rule of contraries, the road being one of the deepest
and worst in the whole country ; but which, according to
CORNU-BRIT ANNIC A. 145
the old proverb, is * Bad for the rider, but good for the
bider,' making amends bj the richness of its soil." The
same writer says the last of the family had an only daughter
and heiress, who married — Williams, of Herringstone, co.
Dorset.
TREVOSE. From Trevosa in St. Petherwin ; or from
the barton of Trevose in St, Merry n, which Hals translates
the maid's or virgin's town ; but which is rather from trC"
vose, the fortified dwelling or town. There is a place
called Trevoza near Lezant.
TREVRONCK. See Trefeonick.
TREVRY. See Treprt.
TREVYLIAN, TREVYLLIAN. See Treveltan.
TREVYVIAN, TREVIVION Pryce renders the
latter name, the dwelling by the small water (vy-bian), I
derive these names from tre-Vyvian, the dwelling of Vyvian.
There is a place called Trevivian in Davidstow.
TREWAN. See Trevan.
TREWARTHA. From Trevartha in Menherriot, from
tre-wartha, the higher town ; or Trewarth in Leland, from
tre-warth, the high town. Hence, by corruption, the name
Frewartha.
TREWARTHENICK. From tre-ivar-thm-ick, the
dwelling upon the high place ; according to Pryce, the
higher town by the creek or rivulet.
TREWARVERRELL. From tre-heverel, cheverel, the
dwelling of the kid. Cf. Penwarverell, and the local name
Polwheverell.
TREWAVAS, TREWAVES. From tre-wavas, -gwavas,
the winterly or exposed dwelling.
TREWBODY, TRUEBODY, TRUBODY. From
146 PATRONYMIC A
tre-hude^ the dwelling near a haven ; or from tre^Body, the
town of Body, which seems to be a Cornish surname.
Charles Trubody, Gent., held Eoseundle in St. Austell ;
and Treworock in St. Cleer formerly belonged to the family
of Trubody. From this name are Prewbody and Treebody.
TREWBY. See Treby.
TREWEEK, TREWEEKE, TREWEAK. Polwhele
translates Treweek, the sweet town ; from week^ sweet.
D. Gilbert says, " Treweek is known to mean sweet, beloved
town or village. The Saxon unck is never, I believe,
lengthened into week"
TREWEN. From Trewen, a small parish near Laun-
ceston ; from root of Trewin, q, v.
TREWENETHICK. From the barton of Trewenethick
or Trenethick in St. Agnes ; from tre'Witheri'ick, the woody
dwelling ; or tren-ithen-ick, the furzy dwelling. But see
Trevethnick.
TREWERN, TREWERNE. From tre-wem, -werne, the
dwelling by the alder-tree.
TREWETHY. See Trethewat.
TREWHELE. From Trewhele in St. Enodor ; from
tre-wheelay the dwelling by the works or mines. Hence the
names Trewheela, Trewhela, Trewhella, Trewilla, Tre-
whelQw.
TRE WIDDLE. From Trewhiddle, a seat in St. Austell,
now or late in the possession of T. Sawle, Esq. ; from ire-
war/del, a dwelling in an open place. . Cf. the local name
Boswaydel or Boswidle, which Tonkin renders, " a house in
an open place or one easy to be seen from."
TREWILLA. See Trewhele.
TREWIN, TREWINN. From Trewin in Alternun ;
CORNU-BBITANNICA. 147
according to Pryce, from tre-mn, the dwelling on the marsh ;
but it may also be from tre-wyn, the white or fair dwelling.
TREWINARD, TREWINNARD, TREVENNARD.
From Trewinard in St. Earth, where the family flourished
for many generations down to the latter end of the reign of
Hen. YIII. Hals says the place was taxed in Domesday
by the name of Trewinerden, t. «., the high, haughty, be-
loved town, alias Trewmar, u e,, the town of the beloved
lake or river of water on which the lands are situate, viz.
the Hayle river. Tonkin, with more reason, renders the
name, " the town or dwelling on a marsh " (winnich^ a
marsh). Tre-win-ard would signify the dwelling on the
high marsh.
TREWINNICK, TREWINWICK. From tre-winntck,
the dwelling on the marsh. Tonkin says John de Tinten
held one fee Mort. [of the honour of Morton] in Tynten,
and in Trewinneck, 3 Hen. IV. Hals says, " Trewinock,
now Trewinicke, that is, the beloved lake or spring of
waters running to the sea " !
TREWISSAN. See Trevisa.
TREWITHAN. From Trewithan in Probus ; from
tre-withen, the dwelling amongst the trees. The family is
extinct, but the place and property now belong, or lately
belonged, to the family of Hawkins.
TREWOLLA, TREWOOLLA. From TrewoUa (per-
haps now TrewoUack in Gorran), where the family are said
to have been resident seven generations before 1620. The
name is from tre-wolUiy the lower town.
TREWOOFE. From Trewoofe in Burian ; from tre-
woof^ the place frequented by blackbirds (from moelhy in
compos, woelk, woof), Hals says the local name Trewoofe
L 2
148 PATKONYMICA
signifies '^ the town or dwelling of ob-jarn, such as the sail
spinsters make, in order to be woof, or woven cross the
warp in pieces of cloth, stuff, or serges, from whence was
denominated a family of gentlemen named Trewoofe, who,
out of a mistaken etymology of their name, gave for their
arms, in a field, three wolves' heads ; whereas try-hleitk^ try^
hleit, is three wolves in Cornish."
TREWORK. From tre-tvork, the dwelling by the work
or mine.
TREWORTHEN. From tre-warth-en, the high dwell-
ing.
TREWOTHIKE. Pryce renders Trewothick the noted
town (wotJi, known). Hals renders Tre-woth-ike (in St.
Anthony in Kerrier) " the town of the known or familiar
cove, creek, or bosom of waters ; alias Tre-wood-ike, the
town of the wood, creek, or bosom of waters." D. Gilbert
derives Trewothike from tre-werh-ike^ -tck, the town on the
water or cree.
TREWREN, TREWRIN. From tre-rhyn, the town on
the hill ; or tre-reerty the fortified or fighting place. " The
family of Trewren were seated at Driff, in the parish of
Sancreet, in 1340." ((7. S. Gilbert.)
TREWSEN. See Trevisa.
TREWYTHENICK. From Trewithenike in Cornelly,
in Powder hundred ; from tre-withen-icky the woody dwell-
ing. Cf. Trewenethick.
TREYARD. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert in a
list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. There is
a Tregarden in Luxulion ; and Hals says, *' At Tre-garden
(in Gorran) lived John Tregarthyn," &c. &c. This name
is from the root Tregarthen.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 149
TREZECUET, TREZEGUET. See Truscott.
TREZEVANT. From tres-van, the hill dwelling ; or
from Treseveau in Gwennap ; from tres-veauy the little
dwelling,
TREZIDDAR, TREZIDDER. See Tresadern.
TREZIESE, TREZISE, TRESIZE. From tre^iz, the
place for corn (j/z, iz, «5, &c., all manner of corn, but chiefly
wheat). There is Tresayes in Roche.
TRIBBEL, TRIBLE. See Trebell.
TRIGANCE. From trig-7iancey the dwelling in the
valley.
TRIGG, TRIGGE. From the hundred of Trig, which
Pryce renders the ebb of the sea, or on the sea-shore ; but
qy. from trig^ an inhabitant, a dwelling. Hence the names
Triggs, Drigg.
TRIG WELL. From treg-uhal, the high town.
TRIMBLE. See Trebbll.
TRIMBY. See Treby,
TRIMMER. See Tremeer.
TRINDER. See Trender.
TRINICK. See Trinnick.
TRINK. From Trink in Leland ; from tren-ick, the
dwelling by the creek. Cf. Trinnick.
TRINNICK, TRINICK. From Trennick in Gorran ;
from tren-ich, the dwelling by the creek ; or corrupted from
Trewinnick. See also Trink.
TRIPCONY. From tre-conna, the town on the neck (of
land) ; or from tre-kyniriy the rabbit dwelling. According
to some, this name is of Italian origin.
TRISCOTT. See Truscott.
TRIVELLIAN. See Treveltan.
150 PATKONYMICA
TROANE. From Trewoon in Budock ; from tre-woon^
the dwelling on the down.
TRODEN. A name mentioned by C. S. Gilbert in a
list of gentlemen who have represented Bodmin. The name
would corrupt from tre-den^ the hill dwelling.
TROUNCE. See Trounson.
TROUNSON, TROWNSON. From tre-rmnaan, the
888*8 town. There is a place called Goon Rounsan, *^ the
ass's downs," in St. Enodor. Trounce is a surname.
TROVERROW. See Trevorrow,
TROWNSON. See Trounson.
TRUBODY. See Trewbodt.
TRUBY. See Trebt.
TRUDGEON, TRUDGIAN. See Tregian.
TRUEBODY. See Trewbodt.
TRUEMAN. See Truman.
TRUGEON. See Tregian.
TRUMAN, TRUEMAN (in H. R. Treweman). From
root of Tremain, Tremayn, q» v,
TRUMLETT. See Tremblett.
TRUMMER. See Tremeer.
TRURAN. From tre-ar-ruariy the town upon the river.
But see Trewren.
TRUREN. From Truren in Madron. See Trewren.
TRURO. From Truro, anc. Trivereu, which some
derive from tre-rhwiei^eUy the town on the rivers (Cenion and
Allan) ; others from trC'Vur, the town on the (Roman)
road ; Camden from tri-ru, three streets. Whitaker says,
"Tre-vereu, Tre-ureu, Treuro, or Truro, the house or
castle upon the (river) Uro or Uru = to the Vere in Herts."
TRUSCOTT. From Treuescoit, the appellation of certain
CORNU-BKITANNICA, 151
lands belonging to a manor in the parish of St. Maben or
Mabin ; from treu-es-coity the dwelling in the wood. Pryce
renders the local name Turscot, a short or low tower.
Trezecuet, Trezeguet, are probably the same name as
Truscott. We have also Trescott, Triscott, and Thriscutt ;
but Trescott is the name of a hamlet in Staffordshire.
TRUYAN, TRUYEN. From tre-yan, the dwelling of
Yan or John ; or tre-yen, the cold or exposed dwelling.
TRYTHALL. See Trethall.
TUBBY. A Cornish form of Thomas. According to
Lower, Tubb, Tubbs, Tubby are from Theobald.
TULL. See Toll.
TUNGAY. See Dungay.
TURFFREY. See Trefrt.
TYARS, TYAS. See Tye.
TYE, TYAS, TYES, De TIES, Le TYES, TICE,
TYER, TYERS, TYARS, De TIERS. From ti, ty, a
house, which in the pi. would become tiaz, ties, tiez, tyas,
tyes, tyez (W. teios, cots, cottages). Pryce renders tyor, a
helliar, thatcher, tiler. Gilbert says Sir Henry le Tyes,
Lord Tyes, or (as Camden calls him) De Tiers, was lord
of the manor of Tywarnhaile Tiers in Perran-Zabuloe.
One of the Tyas families considers itself of Norman origin,
and says the name is found written Teutonicus.
TYER, TYERS, TYES. See Tye.
TYETH. From ty-etha^ the great house.
TYHYDDY, TYHIDDY, TIDDY. From Tehidy, or
Tyidne, in the parish of Illogan. Pryce renders Te-hidy,
Ty-idne, the fowler's house, or the narrow dwelliog. Hals
calls the place Ty-hiddy, alias Ty-lud-y, which latter might
translate, the house by the miry water {ty-lued-y).
152 PATRONYMIC A
TYZEER, TYZZER. From ty^sair, the dweUing of the
woodman, carpenter, or sawyer. Ty-aeera would translate,
the father's house.
U.
USPAR. See Vosper.
USTICK, USTICKE, USTECK. Hals translates
itatick, usteckf nightingale ; otherwise, fair nightingale (eus-
tick). Prjce renders Ustick, Ystig, studious, afifectionate,
learned ; and gives Yuh'sick, or high place. The name is
most probably derived from locality. Conf. Bosustick, Tre-
sustick.
V.
VALLACK. From vallacky valltck, fenced ; from va/,
gual, a wall or fence. Hence we may have the surname
Wedlock.
VARFULL. From Varfell in Ludgvan ; from veor-
vol, -gual, the great wall or fence ; or var-val, upon or above
the fence.
VARTHA. Perhaps from Higher or Lower Wartha ;
from warthOy higher.
VASNOON. From ves-nohan, the meadow for oxen.
VAUSE. See Vose.
VAWDEN. See Bawden.
VEAB. From St. Veep (found written Weep and
Wepe) in West hundred ; from root of Mabe, q. v.
YEAR. As a Cornish name, perhaps from vear^ veor,
great.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 163
VEASE. From vez^ mez, meys^ an open field.
VEEN. See Vian.
VELLACOT. From vellan-coit, the mill by the wood.
VELLENOWETH, FELLENOWETH. From vellan-
nowethy the new mill. Hence, by contraction, the name
Velloweth.
VELLENZER. From vellyn-nancey the mill valley.
VELLHUISH. See Melhuish.
VELLNOWARTH, VELNOWARTH. From vellan-
varthj the high or highest mill.
VELLOWETH. See Vellenoweth.
VENARD. From win-ard, the high marsh.
VENN. From Venn, name of places in Cardinham,
Laneast, and Quethiock ; from vean, little ; feUy fedriy an
end, also a head ; or gueUy a plain, down.
VENTOM, VENTON. See Fenton.
VERM AN. From veor-mdriy the great stone.
VESPER. SeeVosPER.
VLAN, VEEN. From veaUy little ; or from some local
name compounded thereof : as Forth- Vyan, the little gate,
cove, creek, or entrance. But Vian, Veen might also be
from vytn, vyyn^ pi. of maerhy a stone*; whence Carvynick,
" the stony town," in Gorran.
VICE. See Vosb.
VIDDICKS. See Biddick.
VIETH. From vy-etha, the great stream.
VIGO, VIGOE. From wich, a village. There is a
place named Bosvigo in Kenwyn.
VINCE. From vince, a spring. There is Trevince in
Gwennap. Vince would also corrupt from Vincent.
VINGOE. From win-go^ the little marsh.
154 PATEONYMICA
VINICOMBE. From vian-coomb, the little valley; or
win-coomb, the valley in the marsh.
VINTER. See Wintour.
VINTON. Another orthography of Venton ; or from
phin-todny the little green lay or meadow.
VISACK, VISICK. See Phtsick.
VISSAN. See Teevisa.
VIUIAN, VIVEN, VIVIN. See Vtvian.
VOADEN. See Bawden.
VOASE, VOAZ, VOCE, VOICE. See Vose.
VODDEN, VODDON. From mod-den, the hill place,
or the dwelling on the hill ; or perhaps rather from vidhin,
bidhin, vidn, vethan, a meadow. There is a mine called
Tolvadden.
VOGAN. See Boggan.
VOSE. From vose, a ditch, intrench men t, wall, fortifi-
cation ; voz, voza, foza, vose, id. ; boza, bose, an intrench-
ment ; fdz,fds, a wall ; from It, fossa, a ditch, moat, trench.
Hence probably the names Boas, Boase, Boaz, Bice, Flee,
Fob, Fobs, Moase, Moysey(?), Vause, Vice, Voase, Voaz,
Voce, Voice, Vos, Voss, Vossa, Voyce, Voysey (?).
VOSPER, VESPER, BOSPER. Hals writes the name
also Uspar, Vospar, and Vospur, and says vosper or vospur
in British-Cornish signifies " a pure or immaculate maid or
virgin " ! The name may translate the bare dwelling (vos-
ber) ; or the great dwelling (bos-ver). There is a place
called Trevosper near Launceston.
VOSS, VOSSA, VOYCE, VOYSEY. See Vose.
VOWELL. As a Cornish name, perhaps from wioeZ,
bald, bare. Of. the Welsh Voel ; from moel, a conical hill,
literally bare, bald.
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 155
VYVIAN, VYVYAN. "The Vyvians of Truro are
derived by certain genealogists from one Vivianus Annius,
a Roman general, son-in-law of Domitius Carbulo." (Quar.
Rev. c. 11, p. 304.) Others consider the name to be from
Cornish vyvyan^ to flee. Polwhele, under chuT/vyan, " to
escape, to fly," says, "Hence Vyvian, flying on a white
horse from Lyonesse when it was inundated, is said to have
derived his name. He was then governor of Lyonesse. The
family of Vyvian gives a lion for its arms, and a white
horse, ready caparisoned, for its crest, in memory of that
incident." The name has also been derived from vy-vtariy
the small water. (See Trevivion.) Vy vyan, Viuian, Vivin,
Viven, are different orthographies of the name.
W.
WADDER. See Gwihtor.
WADDON. Perhaps the same name as Vodden,
Voddon, q. v.
WARLEGGON, WORLEGAN. From Warlegon, a
parish and village in West hundred, which some derive
from war-le^gan, upon the down.
WARN, WARNE, WEARNE. From wame, for guer-
nen, an alder-tree. According to Lower, Warne is a curt
pronunciation of Warren.
WAVIS, WAVISH. See Gwavis.
WEAKS, WEEKES, WEEKS. There was a Weekes
family, whose habitat was the neighbourhood of Hastings ;
but these names may sometimes be from Week St. Mary.
D. Gilbert says Week means "lit. sweet, an epithet fre-
156 PATRONYMIC A
quentlj applied to female saints ;*' and he renders St. Mary
Week, " sweet or beloved St. Mary." But Week is more
probably from wickj quik, a village.
WEALE, WHEAL, WHEEL, WHILE. From wheal,
huel, a work, t. e., a mine ; or from some local name com-
pounded thereof : as Wheal Batson in St. Agnes ; Wheal
Vy vyan in Constantino ; Wheal Whidden in Kea ; Wheal-
ancarn, the rocky work or mine ; Whealancoats, the work
in the wood ; Whealanvor, the work by the wayside, or
the great work or mine ; Whealreath, the red work, or the
open work or mine ; Whealrose (in St. Agnes), the mine in
the vale. There are also Wheal Mary, Wheal Jewell,
Wheal Fortune, &c.
WEARNE. See Warn.
WEDLOCK See Vallack.
WEEKES, WEEKS. See Weaks.
WENDON. The same name as Wendyn, q. v. ; or from
Wendron, formerly Gwendron, in Kerrier hundred ; from
wen-, gwen-drorhy the white hill.
WENDYN. A family mentioned by Gilbert as being
from Compton Gifford in Devon; but perhaps originally of
Cornish origin ; from wi/n-din, the white hill.
WENMOTH, WENMOUTH. From wm-mot, the white
place.
WENSENT. A Cornish form of Vincent. *
WETTER. See Gwiator.
WETTON. When of Cornish origin, from gueth-don, the
hill of rush.
WHEAL. See Wbale.
WHEAR, WHEARE. From veor, great.
WHEEL. See Weale.
CORNU-BRIT ANNIC A. 157
WHETTER. See Gwiatob.
WHIDDEN. See Gwin.
WHILE. See Wealb.
WICKETT. From imcket, a little village ; diminutive
of wick, Pryce gives Wicket as the name of a place in St.
Agnes.
WIDDEN. See Gwin.
WINN, WYNN, WYNNE. From Corn, gwyn (W. id.),
white.
WINNINCKETT, WININCKETT. From winnick^
coet, the marsh in the wood ; or winnick-etha, the great marsh.
WINNOW, anc. De ST. WINNOW. From the barton
and matter of St. Winnow or St. Winow in West hun-
dred ; or from Trewinnow in Creed, the dwelling on the
moors {winnicky a marsh). According to Tonkin, the tutelar
saint of the parish of St. Winow was St. Winnocus (the
St. Vinoc of Moreri), a native of Armorica.
WINSOR. From Winsor in Cubert, or Winsor in Pelynt ;
which Pryce renders the marsh frequented by heath-cocks,
grouse, or turkeys (win-zar),
WINTER. See Wintour.
WIN TOUR, WINTER, WYNTER. From Gwinter
in St. Keverne ; from gwyn-dour, the white or fair water ;
or gwin-drea, the white town. Hence the surnames Vinter,
Finter.
WINWICK. Probably from Winnick in Lanreath ;
from winnick, a marsh, a fenny or moorish place. The
family are now extinct, except in the female line. It is
said that the slang word ** win wicked " (pronounced in the
West winnicked), used in Cornwall to denote that one has
been overreached, arose from the circumstance that the last
158 PATRONYMIC A
male representative of this family was, from tradition,
celebrated for making good bargains, and that consequently
everybody in Cornwall knows what is meant when the ques-
tion is asked, " Have you been winnicked ? " t. e., taken in.
WITHEL, WITHELL. See Withiel.
WITHERICK. From hither-ich, the meadow place.
WITIIEY, WITHY. From gwyth, a tree ; or gwyth-y,
the woody stream. There is a place called Withedon in
Jacobstow.
WITHIEL. From Withiel in Pider hundred, which,
according to Hals, signifies a place of trees, which it was
formerly {withen^ a tree). He says it was so called because
the church is situated upon the manor of Withell Goose,
I. «., Tree Wood. Withel, Withell, Withyel, would seem
to be the same name.
WOLVEDON. From the barton of Wolvedon in
Probus, which Borlase calls Wolvedon, alias Golden ; from
gol-vidn, the holy meadow ; or wolla-vtdn, the lower meadow.
WONNACOTT, WONOCOTT. From woon-coit, the
lower down.
WOON. From wduy woon, goouy a down or common.
Woon is the name of places in Luxulion and Koche.
WORDEN. From wor-deuy upon the hill ; veor^deUy the
great hill ; or warth-deuy the high hill.
WORLEGAN. See Warlegqon.
WORTH. A family of this name is said to be de-
scended from the Worths in Devon or Somerset ; but the
Cornish family may derive their name from worth, high.
WREN. When of Cornish origin, from rhpUy a hill ; or it
may be an abbreviation of Trewren.
WROATH. This name, unless corrupted from the
CORNU-BRITANNICA. 159
London name Roworth, Rowarth, may be from wrathy a
giant ; whence Wrath's Hole in St. Agnes. There is, how-
ever, a place named Roath in Wales, in Kibbor hundred ;
perhaps from rhdth, a smooth eminence, mound, or hill.
WYNHALL. From wyn-hdly white hill ; or wyn-hdl,
"haUy white moor.
WYNN, WYNNE. See Winn.
WYNNINCK. From Winnick in Lanreath ; from win-
nick, a marsh.
WYNTER, SeeWiNTOUR.
Y.
YELLAND. See Yolland.
YEO, YOE. According to Lower, the Yeos are an
ancient Devonshire family. He seems to suggest that they
may have had their name from the river Yeo in that
county. D. , Gilbert says they were formerly persons of
consequence in the North of Cornwall and of Devonshire,
and that they bore arms, Argent, a chevron Gules, between
three birds. C. S. Gilbert derives the name from Treyeo,
near Stratton. There is also Treyew in Kenwyn, which
Pryce renders " the above or upper town " {tre-yew, -yuh),
Yeo, Yoe may also be Cornish forms of Hugh.
YOE. See Yeo.
YOLLAND, YELLAND. From youU, jowUan, the
devil's enclosure ; or perhaps rather from yuhaUlan, the
high church or enclosure.
YOULDEN. From Youldon, which Pryce translates the
devil's hill (Joul-den) ; but qy. from yuhal-don, the high hill.
160
FATROXTMICA CORKU-BRITAXSTTCA.
Z.
ZELLET. Qj. from ZeUh (foand Zela mnd ZemDa) in
St. Allen. Pfjce gives ** ZearHtL^ Zeh-bui, the dry oido-
sure, and Za-la, Sew-bin, the bUck endoeore ; or Zonlmn,
the mow jard, or eDcloeare for straw, reed, or stubble"
{zcnlf stubble, hawm, reed to thatch with). This most
refer to Zula in Mawgan in Meneage.
CHRISTIAN NAMES.
Androw. For Andrew.
Davydii. For David.
Dewy. For David.
DzHUAN, DzHUAN. ForJohn.
East or Est. For Justus.
(Pronter Est, the priest of
St. Just.)
Elec. For Alexander.
Est. See East.
Faria. For Maria.
Franki. For Francis.
Hecka. For Dick.
Jakeh. Said to be a form
of John ; but perhaps rather
of its nickname, Jack.
Jammeh. For James.
Jorwerth. For Edward.
JowAN. For John.
MiUAL. For MichaeL
Pedyr. For Peter.
THE end.
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