As a result of the Eastern squabbles more trade shifted to the Hudson Bay Company.
The first Hudson Bay Company official visits the Red River Settlement.
See July 29, 1768 first record use of term Metisse (Metis)
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METIS HISTORY 1770-1772
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1767
Tinnewabano informed Humphrey Marten at Fort Albany, that they are obliged to trade part of his goods with the Pedlars. Most Indians refused to trade Fort Albany after this date, including the Assiniboine. The Ojibwa threatened to capture Fort Albany, but were driven away after Humphrey Marten refused to open the gate and they fired their guns. Marten believed that if they opened the gates, the tomahawks and long knives would have sent Countrymen to the other world before morning. Captain Nonosecash informed Marten that the French would again attempt to take Fort Albany later this year. Marten said the Fort will once more be destroyed by those cursed Indians (Ojibwa).
Daniel Boone (1734-1820) crossed the Appalachian Mountains to explore eastern Kentucky from 1767-1768.
(I)-William Pink, an Englishman, reported that 16 Canadians were reported near the Pas (Manitoba).
Jean Baptiste Basinet born 1767 likely Lake Superior died November 12, 1842 La Pointe, Wisconsin.
(IV)-Joseph Barthelemi Blondeau (1743-1790) of Michillimahnac is reported on the Assiniboine River this year. He would spend the next twenty years exploring and working the North West Territories.
Daniel Boone (1734-1820) settled in Kentucky 1767-1773 and would set up the first permanent white settlement in Kentucky in March 1775.
(IV)-Catherine Boyer born 1767 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), daughter (III)-Ignace Boyer (1721-1784) and (IV)-Angelique Pepin dit Descardonnets; Catherine married January 17, 1791 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Joseph Morand.
Jean Marie, Cardinal of Montreal, and wife are in Prairie du Chien.
Antoine Catin died before 1791, and was married about 1767 to Marie Anne Martin living south west of La Cote. They had 11 children baptized in British Fort Detroit (Michigan).
The Indians later kill a Mr.Clause, now living Fond du Lac.
Francois Delorme b-1767, Canada, died June 2, 1847, St. Francoise Xavier, Red River, married Charlotte (Madeleine) La Santense Indian, b-1775, likely North West.
(I)-Andrew Graham (1733-1815), a bigamist who served the Hudson Bay 1749-1775 and raised from a sloop masters servant to acting Chief Factor, noted the Chief Factors table is served no less than three dishes and on occasion, 14 to 16 dishes. The officers have plenty of wine and French brandy, while the men have British spirit (raw gin) which is served at the discretion of the Chief.
Francois St. Denis b-1767 married Lisette Indian b-1770 most likely North West.
(II)-Pierre Grignon (1740-1795) of Green Bay and Jean Baptiste Barcellou is issued a trading license.
(IV)-Louis Charles Hamelin Metis born March 1737 Michillimackinac son (III)-Charles Hamelin and his slave woman Marie Athanase a Sauteux woman (1708-1738); married, likely a country marriage Lake Superior Marie Joseph LeSable of the Sauteuse (Ojibwa) Nation born 1737 Michillimackinac baptised August 19, 1787 Michillimackinac, he appears to have a second wife Josette LaSable at same time.
Alexander Henry the elder (1739-1824), while trading at Michipicoten River at Lake Superior noted the existence of a post there of French establishment. Alexander Henry visited Sault Ste Marie and reported that provisions were low due too poor fishing this year.
Joseph Lisotte born 1767 likely Lake Superior married January 5, 1840 La Pointe, Wisconsin Carolina Omiskwakwadokwe born 1780 likely La Pointe, Wisconsin.
(I)-Hugh McGillis, b-1767, Scotland, married a Native Woman.
Jean Baptiste Marcellais, Sr., b-1767, Canada, married 1794, Angelique Assinboine, Indian b-1785 most likely North West.
Adam Mowat b-1767 Orkney married Jane Asham b-1772 most likely North West.
Anastasia Nipissing and wife of (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte (1723-1803) died during the winter of 1766-1767. Cadotte entered into a second marriage to Marie Mouet who sired (IV)-Joseph Marie Cadotte (1767-1773) in October 1767.
Peter Pangman (1744-1819) a Dutchman, some say a German is trading the Upper Mississippi.out of Michilimackinac but turned his attention to the Saskatchewan River where he spent (1774-1790) almost exclusively.
Maria Pechabanokwe (Mistaken Woman) born 1767 likely Lake Superior died January 13, 1842 La Pointe, Wisconsin
Gaspar de Portola, Governor (1768-1770) of Las California, New Spain is ordered by the Viceroy of Mexico to arrest and expell all the Roman Catholic Jesuits from their well-established colleges and missions. The Jesuits had built 14 missions since 1695 in Baja California. These missions were given to the Franciscans and Dominicans.
Fort Detroit, birth, (V)-Bonaventure Reaume, died September 6, 1793 Fort Detroit, son (IV)-Bonadvenrure Reaume b-1746 and (II)-Jeanne Deshetres b-1751.
(I)-James Short b-1767, Orkney, married, (1794 NWT) or about 1809 most likely Red River des Metis, Bethsy (Betsey) Saulteaux (Chippewa Indian) b-1783, died April 2, 1863, St Francoise Xavier, Red River.
(I)-William Tomison (1739-1829) employed HBC (1760-1811), an Orkney is assigned to winter inland with the natives (1767-1790) then back to York Factory as Chief Trader. He retired to England 1810/11.
It is noted that 700 men in 121 canoes entered the Great Lakes in trade, and that a greater number of illegal traders are not included in this count. The guarantors to a number of these traders are: (I)-Benjamin Frobisher (1742-1787), (II)-Isaac Todd Metis (1742-1819), McGill, Alexander Henry the elder (1739-1824), Forrest Oakes and James Findlay. (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte, a Metis (1723-1803) who was with Henry when they arrived Michilimackinac, noted 100 canoes from the northwest are laden with beaver. These are likely the Metis, Indians and Coureurs des Bois.
As the Voyager trading evolved, so did their most prized possession- the canoe. Some were painted with a flag, horse, Indian head or a pipe. The most common colors were red, white and green. The canoe men were of three types: the Gouvernail (Steerman), the Milieux (Middlemen) and the Avant de Canot, Devant or Ducent (Bowsman). Sails were often carried in the canoes. Often, on the great lakes, the canoe was degraded. A canoe was called degraded when it was wind bound and they were forced to camp.
Three canoes were employed in the trade:
In the spring, one hundred and fifty six canoes with thirty one thousand, six hundred and forty pelts reached the Hudson Bay. The Bay men also met Francois Le Blanc, born about 1712, also known as (Franceway, Saswee and Shish), Voyager of Michillimahnac and his native wife (IV)-Marie Josephe Jourdain dit Josette (1747-1777), [daughter of a Chief, on the river Blanc]no she was daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste Jourdain b-1718 and Marie Joseph Reaume Ketis. The English called him Franceway. He had 15 canoes and is wintering at Finlay's House. (II)-Isaac Todd Metis (1742-1819) and James McGill (1744-1813) of Montreal backed him this season. (I)-William Tomison in the field (1760-1811), an Orkney, noted that Francois Le Blanc, with his squaw (iskwao) and his child in the middle of a canoe, was proceeded by a native guide who is also transporting his wife and child in the craft. (Squaw is a very insulting English word.) It is noteworthy that (I)-William Tomison, an Orkney, would also acquire his own squaw (iskwao). (Squaw is a very insulting English word.) (I)-William Tomison was sent inland to discover why trade had dropped off at Fort Severn. He was on the east shore of Lake Winnipeg when he met a large number of traders on their way to Basquea (The Pas). During the winter, he met many Indians but couldn't persuade them to go to Fort Severn, as they are trading with the Montreal men on the Misquagamaw River (The Bloodvein River). Some Ojibwa, called Bungee, continued to trade Severn, as they are hunting the caribou near Fort Severn.
Louis Primeau, a free-trader that deserted the Hudson Bay Company, brought in 36 packets of fur.
(II)-Isaac Batt Metis (d-1791), (I)-William Pink, James Dearing and James Allen returned to the interior with a fleet of 156 canoes to winter.
Thomas Curry (Corry) is at Kaministikwia and on to Lake Winnipeg, wintering on the Assiniboine River and some suggest he is the only Englishman in the field, the rest being Frenchmen.
Thomas Curry and (I)-James Finlay, free traders, re-established Fort Nipawee on the Saskatchewan, River, built on the opposite shore from old Fort Nipawi.
Carver, employed by Major Robert Rogers, reported a large village of Ojibwa at Lac La Pluye (Rainy Lake). He also reported that Cree and Assiniboine from Lake of the Woods, Red River of the North, Lake Winnipeg and other locations much further west, are down, on trade to Grand Portage.
(III)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte Sr. (1723-1803), the Metis, is credited with maintaining the peace between the English, Ojibwa and Dakota. Cadotte conducted Henry Bostwick, an associate of John Chinn and Alexander Henry the elder (1739-1824), to Copper Rock on the Ontonagon to assess the mining potential of the area. Jonathan Carver, in late summer, visited (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte Sr. (1723-1803) at St. Marie falls, noting that Cadotte is still permitted to keep possession of his property (given he is Metis).
(I)-Andrew Graham (1733-1815), a bigamist, upon returning to his own post at Severn, sent (I)-William Tomison in the field (1760-1811), an Orkney, inland to Lake Winnipeg. Tomison returned in 1768 to report that the English and French traders are, daily, taking what furs the natives catch. The Indians say it is a long way to the Bay, whereas the French are near at hand.
Jonathan Carver claimed all the credit for an expedition up the Mississippi to Grande Portage, but James Tute was the leader and James Stanley Goddard was second in command.
Meanwhile the Metis (Acadiens-Cajuns) were established at two Forts at the Mouth of the Missouri River by the Spanish to secure Indian trade loyalty and to act as a buffer to the British. The Spanish had no understanding of mixed-blood culture. This is like putting the fox in the hen house. These Metis would shortly dominate the region. It is noteworthy that in 1754 the Spanish tried to stop those Coureurs des Bois, those vagabonds and vagrants, from trading with the savages.
King Carlos III of Spain, annoyed at the Jesuit Order for their questionable behavior, ordered the Jesuits to be expelled from Spain and all its possessions. Gaspar de Portola became responsible to expel the Jesuits from California and to replace them with Franciscans.
Alta California a territory of New Spain is created this year as a part of Las California which included California, Nevada, Arizonia, Utah and western Colorado and southwest Wyoming.
January 6: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Bonaventure Reaume son (III)- Pierre Reaume dit Thamur (Themus) (1709-1766) and (III)-Suzanne Hubert Lacroix b-1709; married 1st (II)-Marie Jeanne nee Deshetres born September 27, 1749 daughter (I)-Antoine Deshetres and (III)-Marie Charlotte Chevallier born 1710; 2nd marriage May 7, 1793 Fort Detroit, Marie Joseph Gatignon b-1744, veuve de Julien Ferton, daughter (II)-Francois Ferton.
January 8: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, Jean Marie Philippe Legras and (IV)-Marie Jeanne Gamelin died August 12, 1769 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), daughter (III)-Laurent Eust Gamelin negociant died March 11, 1774 British Fort Detroit (Michigan) and (III)-Marie Joseph Dudevoir et Bonvouloir dit Lachene daughter (II)-Claude Dudevoir.
January 12: Detroit, marriage (IV)-Louis Michel Tremblay born November 1, 1738 Petitee Rivere son (III)-Pierre Trembley b-1708 and (III)-Marie Madeleine Simard (1713-1756); married (II)-Cecile Yax borb September 30, 1753, Fort Detroit daughter (I)-Michel Yax, a German, (1709-1793) and Catherine Herbins.
January 12: Ste Anne de la Perada, marriage (IV)-Jean Baptiste Baril Metis dit Bary Metis son (III)-Joaeph Baril and (III)-Marie Joseph Couturier d-1745; married (IV)-Marie Joseph Morand
(V)-Joseph Baril Metis b-1767 Ste Anne de la Perade
(V)-Pierre Baril Metis b-1771 Ste Anne de la Perade
(V)-Francois Baril Metis b-1775 Ste Anne de la Perade
(V)-Marie Joseph Baril Metis (1778-1780) Ste Anne de la Perade
January 17: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), death, (IV)-Marie Drouillard born 1766 daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste Drouillard and (III)-Marie Charlotte Fauvel dit Bigras.
January 22: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (I)-Louis Bufet, a merchant, married (III)-Therese DeMarsac born October 18, 1737 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) daughter (II)-Francois DeMarsac (1706-1777) and Therese Cecile Campeau (1714-1746).
January 23: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth (V)-Antoine Nicolas Lauzon son (IV)-Antoine Nicolas Lauzon (1727-1770) and (III)-Angelique Chevalier b-1733.
January 30: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Alexis Bienvenu son (II)-Alexis Bienvenu and (IV)-Marie Anne Campeau born 1745, see parent marriage 1763.
January 31: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), death, (II)-Louise Lafoy b-1746 daughter (I)-Antoine Lafoy and Elisabeth Moreau; she was married to Louis Vessiere.
February 2: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), death, (II)-Louis Cesaire d'Ouville Dagneau, squire, sieur de Quindre dit Fontenay born October 8, 1704 Sorel, Quebec, engage west 1727, son (I)-Michel Dagneau, sieur d'Ouville, and (II)-Marie Lamy married December 4, 1736, Montreal, Marie Anne Picote de Belestre (1717-1756); (II)-Louis 1st married December 4, 1736 Montreal, Marie Anne Picote..
February 5: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (II)-Francois Xavier Freton dit Nantais son (I)-Julien Freton dit Nantais born 1727 and (III)-Marie Joseph Gatignon born 1744.
February 13: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Anonyme Greffard child (IV)-Louis Greffard and (III)-Marguerite Casse.
February 20: Detroit, birth (V)-Marie Joseph Leduc daughter (IV)-Philippe Leduc b-1735 Detroit and Marie Joseph Pelletier b-1745.
February 23: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, Pierre Dumay son Ambroise Dumay, merchant voyager and Marie Joseph Emard.
February 28: Mackinac, birth (VI)-Marie Anne Cote, baptised July 25, 1767, Mackinac daughter (V)-Gabriel Cote (1742-1794) and Agathe Roy Desjaroins. Agathe Cote also listed but no date of birth but after Marie Anne.
March 1: Detroit, death (III)-Ambroise Trembley married January 20, 1744 Baie St. Paul (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726, epouse November 23, 1767 Detroit Charles Moran.
March 3: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Charles Dupuis son (IV)- Charles Dupuis dit Moise (1728-1767) and (III)-Catherine Casse.
March 7: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Marie Catherine Campeau daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1737 and Catherine Boyer; married, November 26, 1794, British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Louis Morand.
March 12: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Suzanne Meloche, daughter (III)-Pierre Meloche b-1733 and (II)-Marie Catherine Guignard dit St. Etienne.
April 16: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Marguerite Meloche, daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste Meloche b-1741 and (V)-Marie Louise Robert.
April 17/21: Fort Detroit, birth/death, (IV)-Marie Marthe Pouget daughter (III)-Joseph Gabriel Pouget b-1728 and (III)-Francoise Belleperche.
April 27: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage (III)-Antoine Jean Meloche born September 16. 1744 son (II)-Pierre Meloche (1701-1760) and (III)-Jeanne Caron b-1709; married to (IV)-Marie Louise Campeau b-1752 daughter (III)-Charles Campeau (1715-1785) and (IV)-Marie Catherine St. Aubin dit Casse.
May 1: Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Marthe Morand, daughter (III)-Claude Charles Morand (1722-1775) and (III)-Marie Anne Belleperche (1734-1794).
May 4: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Marriage, (IV)-Medard Gamelin; merchant; 1st lieutenant et major, neveu de mme Youville; born 1733 died October 11, 1778 son (III)-Ignace Gamelin; married (IV)-Angelique Chiquot (Cicotte) born 1741 died April 18, 1777 daughter (III)-Zacharie Chiquot (Cicotte) (1708-1775) and (III)-Marie Angelique Godfroy (1720-1791). This must be an error see below:
(V)-Zacharie Ignace (1774-1775) Detroit
(V)-Marie Angelique Ignace (1777-1777) Detroit
May 4: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Marriage, (IV)-Francois Medard Gamelin; born 1745ontreal died October 11, 1778 son (III)-Ignace Gamelin; married (IV)-Angelique Chiquot (Cicotte) born 1741 died April 18,1777 daughter (III)-Zacharie Chiquot (Cicotte) (1708-1775) and (III)-Marie Angelique Godfroy (1720-1791).
May 6: Jonathan Carver (1710-1780) of Connecticut returned to the Mississippi River, then went to Prairie du Chein and joined an expedition led by James Tute to find an inland northwest passage to the Pacific. By July the mission was cancelled due to lack of funding. Carver was forced to accept plagiarism in his books of his ventures to pay his creditors.
May 9: Fort Detroit, birth (IV)-Charles Morand died August 6, 1771 Fort Detroit son (III)-Charles Morand dit Grimard (1726-1785) and (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726 veuve d'Ambroise Trembly, died May 9, 1771.
May 10: Those associated with Oakes include: Pierre Bonssel, St Sulpice, Gouvernal Mickilimkina, Andre Bouthillier, St. Sulpice, Mittel, Mickilimkina, Pierre Parrent, Terrebonne, to winter Mickilimkina, Antoine La Lande, guide to Grand Portage and return, Aimable Rouillard Feauybourg de Ricollet to go Grand Portage, devant (front) de cannote, Jean Baptiste Eltaing Brunnet, St. Genevieve to Grand Portage, milieu (middle) de cannot, Jean Baptiste Bigras, Isle Jesus, to Grand Portage, bout (back) de cannote, to go to Micilimakinac, Robert Geanne to Grand Portage and return to M (Micilimakinac? or Montreal?), Louis Meinard from Chambly to Winter.
May 11: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage (III)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin born March 25, 1740 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) now living Grand Maris son (II)-Charles Chauvin (1702-1772) and (II)-Marie Anne Casse born 1710) or second marriage step mother? (III)-Marie Madeleine Cauchon born 1655; veuve d'Oliver Michel; and Marie Louise Boyer; married (IV)-Therese Seguin born August 14, 1752 daughter (III)--Joseph Seguin dit Laberoute (1717-1795) and (IV)-Marie Therese Tremblay, b-1734.
May 11: Fort Detroit, marriage (IV)-Joseph Thomas Pageot born February 28, 1736 Charlesbourge son (III)-Thomas Pageot b-1707 and (III)-Madeleine Gervais (1710-1760); married (II)-Marie Louise Vilers daughter (I)-Louis Vilers.
May 12: James Tute born 1738 Mass, died 1782/82, James Stanley Goddard, Jonathan Carver (d-1780), Andrew Stewart, William Bruce died 1781/82, Joseph Reaume of Green Bay, Charles Gauthier de Verville, Augustin Ange, Gabriel Loring and Lorange and their Ojibwa guide- Acopewine, departed Prairie du Chien up the Mississippi on their quest for the North West Passage. Charles Gauthier de Verville was hired to trade Prairie du Chien, and it is said that he had children with women of different tribes.
May 29: The Acopewine expedition reached the mouth of the Chippewa River, and Goddard believed the Dakota and Ojibwa were at perpetual war, but they passed through the Dakota region safely.
May 31: Fort Detroit, marriage (V)-Francois Prudhomme b-1748 son (IV)-Francois Xavier Prudhomme b-1711 and (IV)-Judith Cuillerier b-1724; married (II)-Louise Godfroy b-1751 daughter (I)-Francois Godfroy.
June 7: The Jesuit Order is ordered out of Mexico, the Dominicans replaced them.
June 22-29: the Acopewine expedition visited Lac Court Oreilles village consisting of 60 warriors, Andickweas, Megose and Ochick. Goddard believed these Ojibwa lived in constant fear of being attacked by the Dakota.
June 24: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Marie Felicite Chapoton died June 24, 1767 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), daughter (II)-Jean Baptiste Chapoton born 1721 and (III)-Felicite Cesire born 1737.
July 8: St. Louis, Missouri, birth, (III)-Felicite Quirigon, baptised May 9, 1771 St. Louis, Missouri daughter (II)- Laurent Constant Quirigou (Kerigoufili), b-1764 and Marie Anne Angelique Metivier; married February 25, 1786 St. Louis , Missouri Henri Duchouquet.
July 11: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (VI)-Charles Cloutier son (V)-Rene Cloutier born 1734 and (IV)-Marie Joseph Campeau born 1745;
July 19-August 8: The Acopewine expedition reached Grand Portage.
July 20: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (III)-Francois DeMarsac son (II)-Francois DeMarsac (1706-1777) and Therese Cecile Campeau (1714-1746); married (IV)-Marie Charlotte Bourassa Metis b-1767 Fort Detroit daughter (III)-Rene Bourassa dit La Ronde (1718-1792) and (III)-Anne Charlotte Veronica Chavalier [a Mackinac Metis] (1726- 1792)
(IV)-Cecile DeMarsac Metis b-1768 Fort Detroit
(IV)-Francois DeMarsac Metis b-1770 Fort Detroit, married 1791 Fort Detroit Cecile Saucier
(IV)-Jacques DeMarsac Metis b-1772 Fort Detroit
(IV)-Robert DeMarsac Metis b-1774 Fort Detroit
(IV)-Cajetan DeMarsac Metis b-1775 Fort Detroit
(IV)-Rene DeMarsac Metis b-1777 Fort Detroit
July 26: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Louis Campeau son (IV)-Jacques Campeau born 1735 and (II)-Catherine Menard born 1739.
August 2: Francois La Blanc arrived at Grand Portage from Michilimackinac, enroute to Forts Dauphin and Des Prairies. He delivered a letter from commander Rogers of Michilimackinac to the Acopewine expedition, informing them that no supplies were to arrive but ordering them to continue west. The team decided to quit the expedition and return to Michilimackinac. They arrived back at Michilimackinac on August 29, 1767.
August 10: Detroit, marriage Joseph Saucier to (IV)-Marie Genevieve Tremblay born September 19, 1748 Baie St. Paul daughter (III)-Ambroise Trembley and (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726, epouse November 23, 1767 Detroit Charles Moran; married Madeleine Mesnil.
August 17: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau, merchant, born June 24, 1743 son (III)-Louis Campeau (1702-1774) and (II)-Marie Louise Robert died April 2, 1176 married (V)-Genevieve Godet born 1751 (born April 26, 1747 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) (according to Tanguay) daughter (IV)-Jacques Godet (1699-1760) and (IV)-Marie Louise St. Martin dit Baudry Desbuttes .
August 26: Detroit, birth, (V)-Therese Lauzon daughter (IV)-Jacques Lauzon b-1737 and (II)-Marie Anne Casse.
September 6: St. Louis, marriage Francois Moreau to (II)-Marie Catherine Marechal, Metis, daughter (I)-Nicolas Marechal de St. Vincent and Marie Jeanne Illinoise et lleret; de Ste Anne, Fort Chartres.
September 8: Kaskaskia, (Illinois), marriage, Poutpart of Cahokia (Illinois) to Marie Louise Chenier daughter Claude Chenier and Marie Louise Brunet.
September 13: Fort Detroit, birth (V)-Francois Reaume, son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Reaume b-1741 and (III)-Agathe Barrois b-1735.
October: (IV)-Marie Renee Cadotte (1756-1780) and (IV)-Charlotte Cadotte (1759-1768) are sent in October to Montreal to attend Notre Dame school.
October 26: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Pierre Chauvin son (II)-Charles Chauvin (1702-1772) and (II)-Marie Anne Casse born 1710.
October 26: Michillimackinac, Marriage Antoine Clemenceau to (III)-Michill Genevieve Landrouche daughter (II)-Andre Landrouche dit Skayanisse a voyager and Amme Parant (1723-1768).
October 29: Moyer, a physician, is at Fort Detroit.
October 29: Fort Detroit, birth, (V)-Marie Francoise Pare, died November 25, 1767 Fort Detroit daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Pare and (VI)-Marie Francoise Pelletier (1749-1793).
November 10: Kaskaskias, Illinois, birth Genevieve Desruisseaux daughter Paul Trottier Bellecour b-1736 Batiscan, and Marie St Gemme Beauvais; married November 24, 1788 Kaskaskias, Illinois Rene Hazeur Soumande.
November 15: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Antoine Douaire de Bondy son (IV)-Joseph Douaire de Bondy, and (IV)-Marie Joseph Gamelin born 1741.
November 18: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Jean Baptiste Aide-Crequy born this year son (III)-Jean Baptiste and Marie Madeleine Gatignon Duchesne see 1763, He married February 4, 1793 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Cecile Menny.
November 23: Fort Detroit (III)-Charles Morand dit Grimard born March 17, 1726, died February 23, 1785 Fort Detroit son (II)-Jean Baptiste Morand dit Grimard b-1685 and (II)-Elisabeth Dubois (1692-1740). January 23, 1774, Le dit Charles Morand et (III)-Marie Francoise Mesney, femme de Jean Billiau sont excommunles (Coupables depuis deux ans D'adulters) lls recoivent I'Absolution publique May 29, 1774. Married November 23, 1767 Fort Detroit (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726 veuve (III)-d'Ambroise Tremblay died May 9, 1771.
(IV)-Charles Morand (1726-1785)
November 23: Detroit, marriage Jean Baptiste Baudin to (IV)-Marie Joseph Tremblay born September 24, 1751 Baie St. Paul daughter (III)-Ambroise Trembley and (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726, epouse November 23, 1767 Detroit Charles Moran; 2nd marriage January 14, 1772, Detroit Isidore Morin; 3rd marriage February 21, 1791 Detroit Nicolas Patenaude.
November 24: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Elisabeth DesComps daughter (II)- Antoine Louis DesComps dit Labadie-Bodichon (1767) and (IV)-Angelique Campeau ( 1742 -1767)
November 29: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Louis Michel Comparet son (II)-Francois Comparet and (IV)-Marie Judith Tremblay (1738-1768); married January 12, 1795 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Agnes Jeanne born 1774.
December: Likely Au Bout de I'IIe, Montreal, birth Jean Baptiste Lalonde Metis son Jean Baptiste Lalonde and Cecile Hery en sauvage (Kil8abe).
December: Robert Rogers (1731-1795) who command Fort Michilimackinac is arrested and charged with high treason as a result of his questionable financial practices. It was claimed he attempted to establish a personal empire in the West. He was acquitted in October 1768 and went to London to seek redress.
1768
Only 1 person claimed to be born at the Red River des Metis Settlement this year.
Alexis Bauvier b-1768 married Josephte Saulteaux b-1770 likely North West.
Alexis Bercier (1768-1840), 1st married 1809 Marguerite Metis, b-1779; 2nd marriage Josephte Bercier Native (1783-1853)..
Marie Anne Catin born 1768 daughter Antoine Catin died before 1791 and was married about 1767 to Marie Anne Martin living south west of La Cote; married December 31, 1783 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Joseph Mallet.
Raphael Faygnaut (Faygnant) born 1768 North West, census 1835 Red River. William Wales, a British astronomer and mathematician, visited (1768-69) Prince of Wales Fort, meeting with Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) who desired to improve his knowledge of surveying and chart making. William Wales, a visiting astronomer at Churchill on the Bay, remarked that dandelions make a most excellent salad to our roast geese. Dandelions are not native to North America.
(I)-James Finlay a free trader, wintered 1768/69 on the Saskatchewan River.
(II)-Jacques (Jacko) Raphael Finlay, Ojibwa Metis (1768-1828), a Sauteur died Spokane House, Columbia (Washington) son (I)- James Finlay and Christiana Youel, Indian.
Marriage (III)-Jean Baptiste Grignon born 1743 son (II)- Pierre Grignon (1709-1736?) and (III)- Josephe Marguerite Chevalier born 1723; married Marie Renee Moreau.
Thomas Harrison Sr. b-1768 Red River Settlement married Sarah Indian b-1776 most likely North West.
(IV)-Louis Charles Hamlein Metis b-1738 son (II)-Charles Hamlein b-1714 and Marie Athanase Sauteuse (1708-1745); married Marie Joseph LeSable of Sauteuse nation a Sauvagesse b-1737, bapt 1787 Michillimackinac
(III)-Marie Joseph Hamelin Metis b-1769, bapt 1787 Michillimackinac
(III)-Charlotte Hamelin Metis b-1771, bapt 1787 Michillimackinac
(III)-Jean Baptiste Hamelin Metis b-1774, bapt 1787 Michillimackinac
(III)-Catherine Hamelin Metis b-1776, bapt 1787 Michillimackinac
(III)-Agustin Hamelin Metis b-1779, bapt 1787 Michillimackinac
John Long, a trader from 1768 to 1782, visiting Sault Ste Marie, reported the Chippewa had built a small fort and about ten log houses, which existed for the French and English traders.
British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, Joseph Normand to (IV)-Agathe Gamelin born 1745 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), died April 4, 1747 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), daughter (III)-Laurent Eustache Gamelin born 1695 negociant died March 11, 1774 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), and (III)-Marie Joseph Dudevoir et Bonvouloir dit Lachene daughter (II)-Claude Dudevoir dit Bonvouloir and Barbara Elisabeth Cardinal.
Jean Pere is on Lake Superior, searching for copper mines.
Gaspar le Portola of Spain established a settlement at San Diego and ordered the establishment at Monterey Bay, Las California.
Francois St. Pierre b-1768 married Angelique b-1770 most likely North West.
(I)-John Sutherland b-1768 Scotland married Christiana McBeath b-1770 most likely North West.
(I)-William Tomison in the field (1760-1811), an Orkney, recorded the first Hudson Bay Company official visit to the Red River settlement this year.
Matthew Truthwaite Metis b-1753/68 married Elizabeth Indian b-1770 North West Territories
Alex Vivier, born March 24, 1768, died September 11, 1862, Red River son Joseph Vivier and Josephte Lisette Labadie; married 1805 Marie Anne Assiniboine.
James Abbott, John Farrel, Robert Henry and (I)-George Knaggs are at Fort Detroit this year. George Knaggs married about 1760 Rachel Sly.
HBC employees complain that there is a huge decline in HBC trade this year due to the competitiveness of the Montreal-based "pedlars."
(I)-William Pink reported that Shish, the Indian name for Francois Le Blanc born 1712 of Michillimahnac (or Franceway, also Saswee or Shish), is planning to build a fort at Pemmican Point, about a hundred and seventy miles up river from the Pasquia. Another canoe with eleven French traders, engaged by Shish, is observed on the river. Francois Le Blanc (Franceway) of Michillimahnac and ten Canadians wintered at Paskoyac, Fort Dauphin and Fort La Prairie near Nipawin.
(I)-William Pink, an Englishman of York Factory, said the reason they are here is that the English didn't know the way. Ferdinand Jacob, Chief Factor York Factory, wrote to London that (I)-James Finlay a free trader states the right to trade within fifty leagues of the Companies Forts, and says if you don't like it, write direct to (I)-James Finlay, Merchant in Montreal, to the care of Monsieur's Hunter and Bailey, Merchants in London. A direct and bold challenge to the Hudson Bay Company's stated rights. With Franceway and (I)-James Finlay on the Saskatchewan, the Hudson Bay Company's return of beaver dropped by a third. An obvious bluff!
The Chief of Fort Albany called the attention of Major Rogers, the Commandant of Mackinac, to the new methods of the Pedlers whose encroachment excelled the past 18 years of his experience. The whole country is being traversed from the Prairie to the Barren Ground.
(I)-Andrew Graham (1733-1815), the bigamist, of Hudson Bay Company, presented a plan to London for the occupation on the interior. The first Inland post, however, would not be built until 1774. (I)-Andrew Graham (1733-1815), the bigamist, of Hudson Bay Company, wrote: No person is allowed to have correspondence with the natives without the chief’s orders, not even to go into an Indian tent. The natives are not permitted to come within the forts but when their business requires. (I)-Andrew Graham (1733-1815), the bigamist, admitted that numerous half breed progeny already existed in every fort, including his own. It is noteworthy that Graham was one of the few Hudson Bay men to be allowed to bring his Metis daughter to England. Graham had another wife in Britain.
The Imperial Government repealed the restrictions imposed on trade with the savages. (I)-Alexander Henry the elder (1739-1824) franchise expired, leaving the Superior Country open to other traders. This year Grande Portage began to assume more prestige as a major access to the North West.
Father (I)-Sebastien Louis Meurin (1707-1777), the Jesuit, recorded that it is the Canadian custom, since the English took control, to be married by the magistrate or the commandant who fills his office. The Jesuits are not allowed to marry Roman Catholics unless licensed to do so is obtained.
Father (I)-Sebastien Louis Meurin (1707-1777), the Jesuit, wrote: the property of the Jesuit in Kaskias (Kaskaskia, Illinois) was seized, confiscated and sold by the French Government. Jean Baptiste Bauvais purchased the property and rented it to the English. He is being denied the sacrements.
Francisco Garces of Spain explores California, the Great Basin, the Colorado River and the Grand Canyon using Mojave guides, from 1768 to 1776. Gaspar de Portola and Junipero Serra of Spain traveled with the native Peoples on the California Coast.
Fernando de Rivera y Moncada of Spain used Natives as bearers and soldiers from Mexico to San Diego
The (I)-Richard Dobie (1731-1805) party voyage to Michilimackinac.
January 4: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Marriage, Alexander Sureau born April 20, 1739 Montreal (Marie sous la nom de Heler dit Blondin) son (II)-Pierre Sureau dit Blondin b-1702 and (III)-Agnes Ledoux Latreille, died May 15, 1744 Terrebonne; married to (III)-Marie Joseph Gastinon daughter (II)-Francois Catignon also Gastinon et Gastignon dit Duchesne born 1700 and (III)-Marie Joseph David (1698-1793); Marie married 1st February 12, 1759 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Julien Freton.
January 18: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (I)-Etienne Langeron dit Lafontaine married (III)-Catherine Casse daughter (II)-Pierre Casse (1709-1794) and (II)-Marguerite Fourneau (1711-1791); Catherine 1st marriage November 7, 1762 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Charles Dupuis.
January 18: Fort Detroit, death Jacques Villeray.
January 22: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Madeleine Huyet daughter (II)-Pierre Huyet et Huguet-Huiette-Ponceley-Champagne born 1737 and (IV)-Marie Reine Trempley born 1744; married January 12, 1784 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Joseph Basinet.
March 3: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Pierre Couture ((Goneau et Gouneau dit Lacouture), son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Couture (Goneau et Gouneau dit Lacouture) born 1735 and (IV)-Marie Campeau born 1742.
March 4: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Jean Baptiste Duprat died June 24, 1768 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Duprat born 1735 and (III)-Agnes Tremblay born 1749.
March 20: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Charlotte Chevalier, born 1706.
March 23: Detroit, birth (V)-Michel Trembley son (IV)-Ls Michel Tremblay b-1738 and (II)-Cecile Yax b-1753; married 1st November 13, 1790 Detroit, Marie Joseph Lauzon; 2nd marriage November 7, 1795 Detroit, Marie Joseph Chapoton.
April 5: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), birth, (II)-Marie Joseph Metivier daughter (I)- Jean Baptiste Metivier, a merchant, d-1773 Michillimakinac and Marie Josette (Joseph) Parant (Chaboillez).
April 11: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Hypolite Campeau (Il etait, en 1775, a Mackinac) born 1741 son (III)-Jean Baptiste Campeau (1711-1783) and (III)-Catherine Perthus (1718-1763); married (IV)-Marie Anne Pepin-DesCardonnets born 1726; veuve de Pierre Boyer.
April 11: Detroit, marriage (IV)-Joseph Francois Tremblay born October 5, 1745 Baie St. Paul son (III)-Ambroise Trembley d-1767 Detroit and (IV)-Marguerite Simard b-1726, epouse November 23, 1767 Detroit Charles Moran; married Madeleine Mesnil.
April 15: The British, Lord Hillsborough, Secretary of State, concluded that the interior Indian fur trade could not be regulated. The fur trade was therefore declared unrestricted and open.
April 15: Michilimackinac, Louis Reaume is hired by Amable Desriviere for Michilimackinac.
April 24: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Jean Baptiste Le Duc, born 1698.
April 30: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (II)-Therese Bufet daughter (I)-Louis Bufet, a merchant, and Therese DeMarsac.
May 6: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Jean Baptiste Goiau, born 1494.
May 6: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Belle Amour (drowned), born 1714.
May 28: Kaskaskia, Illinois, marriage Joseph Creilly (Crely) son Jean Baptiste Creilly and Marie Agette; married Marie Louis Marquis.
May 31: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Jacques Chauvin son (II)-Noel Chauvin born 1732 and (III)-Jeanne Meloche born 1742.
June 11: Fort Detroit birth (V)-Louis Theophile Lemay, died August 28, 1772 Detroit, son (IV)-Theophile Lamay and Desanges Pelletier.
July: Between Oswego and Niagara Lees met Gamelin of British Fort Detroit (Michigan) with 2 canoe fur, 1 canoe for Cazeau, 1 canoe for Mouton, 2 canoe for Rameau, 2 canoe for Berthelot of Montreal and 2 batteaus (boat or ship) for Phyn of Schenectady.
July 20: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Cecile DeMarsac Metis daughter (III)-Francois DeMarsac sieur de L'Homme Trou and (IV)-Marie Charlotte Bourassa Metis b-1767.
July 24: Michillimackinac, baptism Angelique Gardin (Cardin) born August 29, 1767 slave M. Gardin (Cardin).
July 24 and 27: (II)-Pierre Grignon (1740-1795) witnessed a baptism at Mickinac.
July 24: Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Louise Kakigignum, born November 1767, daughter Joseph Kakigiguam and Marie Nanjoiquoy.
July 25: Michilimackinac, churched marriage (V)-Gabriel Cote (1742-1794) trader son (III)-Nicolas Cotte (1696/1720-after 1762) and Marie Claude Levaseur born Camouraka (Kamouraska, Quebec); 1st married country style August 17, 1765 Agathe Desjardins Roy; 2nd marriage 1783 Montreal, Angelique Blondeau daughter Jean Baptiste Blondeau and Genevieve Anger. Witnesses include: Catin, Pierre Chaboiller, Jacques Gaisson and Therese Campion, wife of Pierre Ignace DuBois.
July 25: Michilimackinac, baptism, (VI)-Marianne Cotte, born February 28, 1768 daughter (V)-Gabriel Cote (1742-1794) trader and Agathe Desjardins Roy
July 25: (I)-William Pink returned to Pemmican Point (established by Shash in 1758) but Shash (Francois or Franceway) and Company had already relocated up river at Nipowin. He also reported that another Canadian House is located at Mithquag Me, the Indian name for Red River.
July 26: Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Joseph Kakigiguam daughter Joseph Kakigiguam and Marie Najoiquory.
July 26: Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Kakigiguam daughter Joseph Kakigiguam and Marie Najoiquory.
July 27: Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Louise Pacoacona daughter Jean Baptiste Pacoacona and Francois Marie Megonojan.
July 28: Michilimackinac, marriage Hyacinthe Hamelin and Marie Josephe Maingans.
July 28: Michilimackinac, baptism, Marie Josephe born 1767, witness Charles Chaboillez.
July 29: Mackinac baptism Joseph Marie Cadotte born October 1767 (1767-1773) son (III)-Jean Baptiste Cadot (1723-1803) and Marie Mouet (Monet) his wife who is present but unable to write. Godfather is Charles Jean Baptiste Chaboillez (1736-1808), trader.
July 29: Detroit, birth Catherine Macous Metisse (Metis), illegitime of son Joseph and adopted by (IV)-Philippe Leduc b-1735 Detroit and Marie Joseph Pelletier b-1745.
August 17: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (II)-Jean Baptiste Brillant dit Lapierre, Metis, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Brillant dit Lapierre (dit Beaulieu) and Francoise Itagisse Chretienne Sauteuse (Ojibwa). Souerce Tanguay.
August 19: Fort Detroit, birth (IV)-Archange Seguin daughter (III)-Joseph Seguin dit Laderoute (1717-1795) and (IV)-Marie Therese Tremblay; married February 2, 1795, Detroit, Pierre Rivard
August 31: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Ignace Casse died November 17, 1770 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), son (II)-Jacques Casse and (IV)-Catherine Jean Vien died 1779.
September 29: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Louise Godefroi, born 1752.
September 30: Fort Detroit, death Suzanne Parant, b-April 1768, daughter Pierre Parant, voyager and (III)-Jeanne Casse.
Octobrer 1: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Charles Courtois son (IV)-Charles Denis Courtois dit Marin born 1744 and (III)-Catherine St Cosme born 1749.
October 1: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth (V)-Marie Joseph Lauzon daughter (IV)-Antoine Nicolas Lauzon (1727-1770) and (III)-Angelique Chevalier b-1733, died May 21, 1794: married November 13, 1790 Detroit Michel Tremblay.
October 8: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth (IV)-Marie Francois Sureau, daughter Alexander Sureau b-1739 (Marie sous la nom de Heler dit Blondin) and (III)-Marie Joseph Gastinon.
October 27: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Louis Campeau son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1743 and (V)-Genevieve Godet born 1751.
November 1: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Toussaint Chesne son (III)-Charles Chesne born 1732 and (II)-Marie Joseph Descomps dit Labadie born 1737.
November 14: Kaskaskia, Illinois, Jacques Laderoute is killed by the Indians.
November 18: Fort Detroit, birth (II)-Joachim Yax, died May 14, 1769 Fort Detroit, son (I)-Michel Yax, a German, (1709-1793) and Catherine Herbins.
December 1: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, Ignace Tibaut to (III)-Catherine Casse daughter (II)-Jacques Casse and (IV)-Catherine Jean Vien died 1779.
December 14: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin son (III)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin born 1740 and (IV)-Therese Segun born 1752; married January 13, 1794 British Fort Detroit (Michigan), Elisabeth Campeau.
December 17: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth/death, (V)-Anonyme Campeau child (IV)-Alexis Campeay (1737-1782) and (V)-Madeline Dumays (1745-1795).
December: Moose Factory (Ontario): John Kipling, entered the cabin of (I)-William Cooley with a cocked gun and claimed it accidentally discharged killing (I)-Christopher Hull. This must be of a later date or another Kipling as he didn't arrive until 1772. Fights were not uncommon, as the John Levach and Richard Lovegrove encounter resulted in a broken arm and collar bone for Lovegrove that didn't heal, leaving him permanently crippled. (I)-David Hatt had threatened to crush the head of chief factor- Kitchin.
1769
James Dearing and Thomas Haddle are on the Saskatchewan River this year.
Ambroise Allard born 1768-1769 North West census 1831-1835 Red River. Possible son Gabriel Allard.
Magnus Birston b-1769 Orkney but claims to be a Metis? who married a Widowed Metis b-1775 North West Territories.
(III)-Jean Baptiste Cadot (1723-1803) sent his second native wife Marie Mouet (Monet) and his three sons (IV)-Jean Baptiste Cadotte (1761-1818), (IV)-Michel Cadotte (1764-1837) and (IV)-Joseph Marie Cadotte (1767-1773) to Montreal to join his one surviving daughter (IV)-Marie Renee Cadotte (1756-1780) to get an education.
Antoine Chesne married Marie Sauteuse about this time likely west Detroit.
Charles Chesne Metis b-1770 bapt 1776 Detroit.
(II)-Pierre Descomps dit Labadie (Fillau in 1778) born 1742 son (I)-Pierre Descomps; married likely British Fort Detroit (Michigan), (II)-Therese Gaillard dit Lionais born 1746.
Francois Dorion is hired by Maurice Blondeau for la Mer de l'Ouest, to winter.
Mackinac, marriage (III)-Louis Pascal (Paschal) Dumouchel born March 31, 1725 Quebec, Quebec son (II)-Bernard Dumouchel (1687-1744) and (III)-Marie Anne Tessier dit Laviene, b-1694: arrived Mackinac 1759, married 1769 Mackinac Francoise Sauvagesse.
(IV)-Bernard Dumouchel Metis b-1770, bapt 1775 Mackinac.
(IV)-Jean Dumouchel Metis b-1772, bapt 1775 Mackinac.
(IV)-Francoise Dumouchel Metis b-1774, bapt 1775 Mackinac, married 1st Pierre Ducheneau, 2nd married 1795 Cahokia, Antoine Grandbois
(IV)-Joachim Dumouchel Metis b-1776, bapt 1786 Mackinac.
(IV)-Marie Joseph Dumouchel Metis b-1778, bapt 1786 Mackinac. married 1793 Chokia, Louis Labossiere
(IV)-Madeleine Dumouchel Metis b-1784, bapt 1786 Mackinac.
Martin Miloney Duralade appreciated the value of the Indian lead mines on the Fever (Galena) River in the upper Mississippi region. The French had been aware of the Indian lead mines since 1634.
(I)-James Finley freee trader of Montreal and 12 Frenchmen are at Nipowin. A (I)-James Finlay free trader is reported on the Saskatchewan River.
Monsieur Gaunaux (Garneau), the stray of Ste Pierre de Montmagny, is born about 1769 at an unknown location, (most likely (V)-Jean Baptiste Garneau born November 6, 1762 Pte Aux Trembles, Quebec) and his first known child is born 1790 Fort La Pointe, Madeleine Island, Wisconsin. His second known child is born about 1795 Red Lake, Minnesota.
Margaret Papakine (Cricket) born 1769 likely Lake Superior died July 22, 1843 La Pointe, Wisconsin.
(II)-Pierre Grignon (1740-1795) son (I)-Pierre Grignon born 1709 and Josephte Marguerite Chevalier; married 1st 1769 likely Green Bay or in the field Menominee/Winnebago, It appears they were not churched until 1776; 2nd married 1787 Machilimackinac (V)-Louise Domitide Langlade Metis born 1759 daughter (IV)-Charles Michel Langlade and (IV)-Charlotte Ambroiseine Bourassa Metis b-1767.
Houle b-1768 Lower Canada married Elise Indian b-1774 most likely North West.
Thomas McMurray Sr. d-1795 is trading (1769-1772) Michillimackinac. He likely married about this time an Indian or Metis girl and had a son Samuel McMurray, Metis, d-1795 who entered the trade in 1778 which suggests he was born before 1769. A second marriage September 19, 1772 was to Jane Izenhoult d-1781 widow of Tobis, children Thomas McMurray, Metis? b-1776 and daughter Jane McMurray, Metis b-1778, who married 1842 Pic, Lake Superior, (I)-Cuthbert Cumming (1787-1870); 3rd wife was Helen Peacock, married January 1782
Samuel Scheidegan b-1769 listed born other, married Nelly Indian b-1802 most likely North West.
(I)-William Wales, a Hospital Boy, is in Hudson Bay, being chosen by the Royal Society to take observations of the Transit of Venus at the Bay Post.
St. Louis, Missouri, (I)-Benito Vasquez (1738-1810), a Spaniard, arrived St. Louis.
Adrien Jolliet joined Jean Pere on Lake Superior, searching for copper mines.
Two Sulpican priests, Francois Dollier de Casson (1636-1701)- onetime captain in Turenne's calvery and Renee de Brehaut de Galinee, with seven Canadians, voyaged to Lake Erie by way of Lake Ontario, claiming both lakes and surrounding lands for France. Galinee, in 1670, would venture on to Sault Ste Marie and make a map of the region.
(I)-John Thomas (1751-1822) joined HBC (1769-1814) Moose, married Margaret Indian d-1813
(II)-John Thomas Jr. Metis d-1816 Moose HBC (1797-1816) married Meenish epose 1824 Richard Stevens
(II)-Henry Thomas Metis
(II)-Charles Thomas Metis HBC (1808-1832) married and had one child in 1814
(II)-Charlotte Thomas Metis (1788-1843) 1st married 1803 Fort Timiscaming (I)-John George McTavish (1778-1847), 2nd married 1819 (I)-Peter Spence (1777-1855) had wife and three children in 1814
(II)-Eleanor Thomas Metis b-1780,
1st married (III)-William Richards Metis d-1811 son (II)-John Richards
(IV)-William Richards Metis bapt1808
(IV)-James Richards Metis bapt 1811
2nd married (II)-Thomas Thomas
(III)-Henry Thomas Metis
(III)-Richard Thomas Metis
3rd married Peter Foy
(II)-Margaret Thomas Metis
(II)-Francois (Fanny) Thomas Metis married 1811, (I)-Andrew Stewart (1789-1822)
(II)-Ann Thomas Metis b-1796 married (I)-Alexander Christie (1783-1872)
(II)-Elizabeth Thomas Metis 1st married (I)-Richard Story Robins (1779-1807) , Richard Story Robins (married Hannah Schneider)
Elizabeth 2nd marriage (I)-James Russell b-1784 HBC (1807-1817) returned to London
(II)-Henry Thomas Metis born before 1822
The following children died and could be grandchildren
(II)-or (III)-Edward Thomas Metis (1801-1802)
(II)-or (III)-Mary Thomas Metis(1791-1802)
(II)-or (III)-Richard Edward Thomas Metis (1803-18030
(II)-or (III)-Jane Thomas Metis (1804-1806)
(III)-Isaac Todd Metis (1742-1819) is in partnership with James McGill (1744-1813), Benjamin Frobisher (1742-1787) and Joseph Frobisher (1740-1810). They sent their voyagers to Rainy Lake and the Northwest Country. Benjamin Frobisher and Joseph Frobisher, with 5 canoes, are stopped and turned back by the Indians at Rainy Lake (Ontario) . Others suggested this happened in 1765 and again in 1766. This partnership is still controlled by (I)-Richard Dobie (1731-1805) until 1770 when he sent his men to Grande Portage and the partnership was dissolved.
Jean Baptiste Brunet dit L'etang (Letang or Lestang) is hired for la mer de L'Ouest by Maurice Blondeau for 1769-1770.
The Hudson Bay Company allowed Chief Factor (I)-Ferdinand Jacobs to send 6 men per season into the interior. They could only have a small quantity of trade goods for a temporary summer post. Jacobs sent his Metis son Samuel to England for his education and his daughter Thucautch to the Indians for her education.
(I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) is assigned as mate to Joseph Stephens and the hundred ton whaling brig Charlotte. He promptly appealed to London for a more senior assignment. The Prince of Wales, Chief Factor, (II)-Moses Norton, a Metis, d-1773, a bigamist and murderer, despised (I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792). So he approved the assignment hoping to rid himself of the fellow.
The Hudson Bay Company refused to accept the necessity of sending men into the field and ordered York Factory to discontinue this practice. Inland posts have greater problems in private trade and trapping, relations with Indian women and indiscriminate use of alcohol than the more closely supervised Bayside factories- so argued those who appose inland trading.
(I)-Benjamin Frobisher (1742-1787) and his brothers (I)-Joseph Frobisher (1740-1810) and (I)-Thomas Frobisher (1744-1788), who are trading in Lake Michigan area, joined the Company of (III)-Isaac Todd Metis (1742-1819) and James McGill (1744-1813) of Montreal in order to establish a trading post on the Red River of the north.
The Mantawapowa people encountered by (I)-William Tomison in the field (1760-1811), an Orkney at Dauphin Lake, are believed to be a tribe of Ojibwa. Reports say some Ojibwa are pillaging canoes on their way to Lake Winnipeg during the 1769-1770 season.
Forest Oakes, (II)-Charles Boyer (b-1735), (III)-Maurice Blondeau (b-1706) and (III)-Jean Baptiste Adhemar (b-1736) are on the Assiniboine River. The Cree near Lake Manitoba conducted a ritual dance and invocations to hasten the arrival of the Canadians.
The population of St. Louis is 891 excluding slaves.
Fathers Junipero Serra d-1784, Father Laseien and other Franciscans built 21 Spanish missions along the El Camino Real from San Diego to Sonoma, during the period 1769-1823..
January 3: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Joseph Bienvenu son (II)-Alexis Bienvenu and (IV)-Marie Anne Campeau born 1745. See parent marriage 1763.
January 9: Fort Detroit, birth, (V)-Jean Baptiste Pare, son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Pare and (VI)-Marie Francoise Pelletier (1749-1793).
January 16: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (IV)-Laurent Greffard born August 11, 1745 son (III)-Louis Greffard (1713-1756) and (III)-Catherine Garand d-1748; married (III)-Marie Anne Casse daughter (II)-Pierre Casse (1709-1794) and (II)-Marguerite Fourneau (1711-1791.
January 27: Fort Detroit, death, Louis Andre Leclerc.
February 2: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), death, Louis Cesaire d'Ouville Dagneau, Squire, Sieur de Quindre, son of Sieur d'Ouville, officer. Husband Marie Anne Piquotte de Bellestre who died December 31, 1770.
February 7: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Medard Couture (Goneau et Gouneau dit Lacouture), son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Couture (Goneau et Gouneau dit Lacouture) born 1735 and (IV)-Marie Campeau born 1742.
February 7: Fort Detroit, Canada (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Marie Louise Morand, daughter (III)-Claude Charles Morand (1722-1775) and (III)-Marie Anne Belleperche (1734-1794); married November 9, 1790 Fort Detroit Seraohin Lauzon.
February 25: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Joseph Campeau son (IV)-Jacques Campeau born 1735 and (II)-Catherine Menard born 1739.
February 27: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, Antoine Nicolas Lauzon to Angelique Chevalier daughter Jean Baptiste Chevalier deceased and Francoise Alavoine also deceased (see 1705).
March 11: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Therese Meloche, daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste Meloche b-1741 and (V)-Marie Louise Robert.
March 12: Fort Detroit, birth (V)-Louise Agathe Reaume, daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Reaume b-1741 and (III)-Agathe Barrois b-1735; married January 16, 1792 Fort Detroit Joseph Bourdeau.
March 14: Detroit, birth/death, (V)-Marie Francois Lauzon, died March 17, 1769 Detroit daughter (IV)-Jacques Lauzon b-1737 and (II)-Marie Anne Casse.
March 15: Kaskaskias, Illinois, birth Francois Xavier Desruisseaux son Paul Trottier Bellecour b-1736 Batiscan, and Marie St Gemme Beauvais.
March 24: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Therese Campeau daughter (IV)-Jean Baptiste Campeau born 1737 and Catherine Boyer
April: The British ship Seahorse set sail for Canada, a three month trip, with (I)-John Miles born 1752 and (I)-John Thomas who became chief factor Moose Fort (Ontario) in 1782.
April 4: (V)-Marie Joseph Hamelin, Metis baptised August 19, 1787 Michillimackinac daughter (IV)-Louis Charles Hamelin Metis born 1737 Michillimackinac son (III)-Charles Hamelin and his slave woman Marie Athanase a Sauteux woman ( 1708- 1738) and Marie Joseph LeSable of the Sauteuse (Ojibwa) Nation born 1737 Michillimackinac. Marie married 1797 Andrew Charlebois.
April 6: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Pierre Meloche, son (III)-Pierre Meloche b-1733 and (II)-Marie Catherine Guignard dit St. Etienne.
May: Daniel Boone (1734-1820), John Stuart, John Finley and others on a hunting expedition, passed through Cumberland Gap (The Warriors Path) to the south fork of the Kentucky River.
May 18: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), baptised, (II)-Jean Chrysostome Thiriot, born January 6. 1765 aux Miamis son (I)- Jean Chrysostome Thirot b-1732 and (IV)-Julie Catherine Campeau.
May 18: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), baptised, (II)-Marie Anne Thiriot, born March 16. 1767 aux Miamis daughter (I)- Jean Chrysostome Thirot b-1732 and (IV)-Julie Catherine Campeau.
May 18: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), baptised, (II)-Suzanne Thiriot, born December 16. 1768 aux Miamis son (I)- Jean Chrysostome Thirot b-1732 and (IV)-Julie Catherine Campeau.
May 28: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (IV)-Margarete Aide-Crequy born this year daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste and Marie Madeleine Gatignon Duchesne see 1763, she married January 29, 1784 Jacque Chauvin.
June: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Jean Baptiste Rochelot, born 1769.
June 2: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (III)-Marie Catherine Chapoton daughter (II)-Jean Baptiste Chapoton born 1721 and (III)-Felicite Cesire born 1737; married (no date listed) George Maldrum.
July: The British ship Seahorse, under command of Captain Horner, encountered the whalers Duke and Mary out of Boston, off the coast of Labrador. The British were always fearful of an attack by the French or other rovers. They had been ordered to keep as low a profile as possible. The Seahorse traded with the Esquimaux (Inuit) but were ordered not to sound their cannon for trade. They encountered the ships King George and Prince Rupert on their way to York, and Prince of Wales while the Seahorse was on its way to James Bay.
July: The San Carlos with 63 men sailed north to Los Angeles and returned to San Diego.
August 2, reached Los Angelas
September 13, reached San Simeon/Ragged Point
October 1, reached Salinas River
October 31, reached San Francisco Bay
July 16: Detroit, birth (V)-Therese Leduc daughter (IV)-Philippe Leduc b-1735 Detroit and Marie Joseph Pelletier b-1745.
July 19: Fort Detroit, birth, (IV)-Jacques Pouget son (III)-Joseph Gabriel Pouget b-1728 and (III)-Francoise Belleperche.
August 19: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), marriage, (I)-Nicolas Michel dit Lorain, a merchant, married (III)-Marie Charlotte Cesire born July 10, 1727 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) daughter (II)-Jean Cestre (1698-1767) and (II)-Marguerite Charlotte Girard (born 1703).
September: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Jean Baptiste Le Beau, born January 1768.
September: Moose Factory (Ontario), (I)-Joseph Stevens, (I)-John Miles born August 1752 and (I)-John Thomas, who is appointed chief factor Moose Fort (Ontario) in 1782, arrived at the Fort. The current chief factor is (I)-Christopher Goston and the second in command is (I)-Eusebuis Kitchin. The rustic fort is actually a small trading post containing 23 men in all. Miles replaced (I)-William Cooley, who had served since 1766. Trolio, an Eskimo living with the Cree, also worked at the Post.
September 14: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Marguerite Greffard daughter (IV)-Louis Greffard and (III)-Marguerite Casse.
September 29: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), death, (III)-Joseph Larrive b-1727 married to (IV)-Brigitte Petit dit Lalumiere.
October: Assumption de la Pointe de Montreal du Detroit (Essex, Ontario), death, Elizabeth Andre, born April 1769.
November 6: (I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) departed Fort Prince of Wales to explore the interior for five weeks. (I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792), on his next expedition, employed Matonabbee, an unknown, and was unauthorized by (II)-Moses Norton, a Metis, d-1773,a bigamist and murderer. Matonabbee, with his seven wives, effectively became the leader of the expedition. (I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) admitted his travels brought no material advantage to the Hudson Bay Company. A young and most comely wife of Matonabbee elopes with another man. Another wife of Matonabbee would have been taken from him by force had he not bargained for her.
During the period 1769 to 1772, Matonabbe, a Chipewyan guide and a skilled leader of great prestige, with a small group of natives, led Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) of the Hudson Bay Company for five thousand miles. They covered two hundred and fifty thousand square miles of the Northern Prairies. They visited Churchill River, Copper mine River, Great Slave Lake, Slave River and the Arctic Ocean, contacting Indian and Inuit natives before returning in 1772. Alexander Mackenzie (1764-1820) would later write of Hearne's journey to the North Sea where, according to what I have learned, he never went. This is a very interesting comment because Mackenzie never went anywhere without his Metis, Coureurs des Bois and Hivernant Voyagers to show him the way. The 1769 Hearne expedition nearly ended in disaster when the Chipewyan Chawchinahaw plundered the food stocks and deserted (I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) to find his own way home. (II)-Moses Norton, a Metis, d-1773, a bigamist and murderer, is likely behind this deception. The next expedition employed the incompetent Conneequese as guide, also selected by (II)-Moses Norton, a Metis, d-1773. These Chipewyan also plundered his goods and abandoned him, leaving him to his fate. Matonabbee, a Chipewuyan chief, chanced upon and saved Samuel Hearne. The two men became fast friends. Matonabbee was born at Prince of Wales Fort, son of a Chipewyan hunter and Cree slave girl, and (I)-Richard Norton adopted him. Richard is the father of (II)-Moses Norton, a Metis, also born Prince of Wales Fort, d-1773. It is noteworthy that both Moses and Matinabbee would become bigamists.
(I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) wrote, from first hand experience, that the Cree girls are very frisky when young, well shaped, their eyes large and gray- yet lively and sparkling and very bewitching.
(I)-Samuel Hearne (1745-1792) had obtained his Indian slave by requesting a war party to steal one for him. The Ojibwa girls possessed pretty black eyes which humored in a languishing and engaging manner.
November 15: Fort Detroit, birth (III)-Marie Francoise Metay daughter (II)-Joseph Metay (1735-1791) and (II)-Catherine Duflour b-1740.
December 10: Five men deserted the Spanish expedition at the Monterey Peninsula, California and are presumed to have joined the natives.
December 28: British Fort Detroit (Michigan), birth, (V)-Marie Joseph Landry daughter (IV)-Firmin Landry dit Charlot b-1735 and Marguerite Siouse d-1773 (see parents marriage 1771).