Landforms Unit Test
Definitions to Know:
•    crest
•    trough
•    intertidal zone
•    foreshore
•    shoreface
•    tidal flat
•    beach
•    dredge
•    jetty
•    breakwater
•    longshore drift
•    wavelength
•    wave height
•    upwash
•    backwash
•    marine
•    coast
•    submarine canyon
•    sea stacks
•    continental shelf
•    physical weathering
•    chemical weathering
•    sediment
•    erosion
•    deposition
•    peak
•    base
•    weathering
•    point bar
•    channel bar
•    graded bedding
•    frost wedging
•    root wedging
•    glacier
•    meanders
•    delta
•    braided streams
•    divide
•    topographic map
•    contour lines
•    contour interval

Concepts to Know:
•    how to read a topographic map
•    how contour lines on a topographic map show steep and flat slopes
•    number of channels in a meandering river vs. number of channels in a braided stream
•    the type of minerals that make up beach sand
•    how beaches and waves differ from summer to winter
•    how and when "bony beaches" are formed
•    how the supply of sand is replenished on a beach
•    what parts of a shore is considered "onshore" and what parts are "offshore"
•    three factors that affect the height of a wave (how high/big the wave gets)
•    why alluvial fans/deltas form
•    the force that pulls rock and soil down slopes
•    how to read a topographic map
•    how you can tell the speed of flowing water by examining the size of the grains found on the bottom of the river
•    how tides determine the boundary between the beach and the foreshore
•    how a beach can have too little or too much sand
•    which side of a hill to climb based on your reading of the topographic map
•    why tidal flats have both mud and sandy areas while a beach has only sand
•    how frost wedging can break rocks into smaller pieces

Essays:
1.    The Mississippi River is a mature river that has many meanders in it. Define a meander and explain how these meanders in the river are formed and how these meanders move downstream over time.
2.    Assume you are a scientist placed in charge of preventing the erosion of a beach and a harbor on the California coast. The town along the coast has built a jetty to protect the beach and a breakwater to protect its harbor. Explain what side-effects will occur with the building of a jetty and breakwater and how best to solve the sand problems that arise.


Chapter 12 Quiz
Definitions to Know:
•    crest
•    trough
•    intertidal zone
•    foreshore
•    shoreface
•    tidal flat
•    beach
•    dredge
•    jetty
•    breakwater
•    longshore drift
•    wavelength
•    wave height
•    marine
•    coast

Concepts to Know:
•    different zones of a shore, and where they are in relationship to each other
•    difference between tidal flat and beaches and how they are created
•    what is considered onshore
•    how beaches and waves differ from summer to winter
•    difference between a jetty and breakwater


Chapter 11 Quiz
Definitions to Know:
•    physical weathering
•    chemical weathering
•    sediment
•    erosion
•    deposition
•    weathering
•    point bar
•    channel bar
•    graded bedding
•    frost wedging
•    glacier
•    meanders

Concepts to Know:
•    why and how meanders are formed
•    difference between chemical weathering and physical weathering and examples of each kind of weathering
•    how frost wedging happens
•    why graded bedding happens
•    where in a meander a channel bar or point bar would take place and why
•    how a straight river or meandering river might reveal its age
•    how glaciers can create valleys
•    how mountains become sediment
•    how water acts a physical weathering agent (need to be able to describe this)


Ecology Unit Test
Definitions to Know:
•    Symbiosis
•    Competition
•    Natural resource
•    Consumer
•    Producer
•    Decomposer
•    Primary, secondary, tertiary consumers
•    Fossil fuels
•    Energy pyramid
•    Permafrost
•    Pollution
•    Conservation
•    Biosphere
•    Ecosystems
•    Communities
•    Populations
•    Relative humidity
•    Weather
•    Climate
•    All vocabulary for Chapter 14 Quiz
•    Herbivore
•    Biome
•    Carnivore
•    Photosynthesis
•    Prey
•    Predator
•    Food chain
•    Omnivore
•    Tundra
•    Desert
•    Deciduous
•    Fog
•    Grasslands
•    Tropical rainforest
•    Coniferous
•    Rainshadow
•    Taiga
•    Evaporation
•    Condensation
•    Precipitation
•    Biomass
•    Wind energy
•    Solar energy
•    Hydro energy
•    Adaptation
•    Petrochemical
•    High latitude (close to poles) vs. low latitude (close to equator)


Concepts to Know:
•    Examples of nonrenewable resources
•    Examples of renewable resources
•    Examples of natural resources (anything that comes naturally from Earth)
•    Examples of fossil fuels
•    Characteristics of EACH OF THE BIOMES (location, rainfall, climate, type of animals and plants, other important information, etc.) 

o    Temperate deciduous forest
o    Tropical rainforests
o    Temperate grasslands
o    Savannas
o    Desert
o    Tundra
o    Taiga

•    How electricity is made
•    Different names of grasslands
•    Factors that affect climate
•    Reasons for recycling
•    Level of cost to produce energy from each of the natural resources we learned about
•    Energy used mostly for transportation
•    State that makes more electricity from wind than others
•    Purpose of turbines
•    Valuable uses of land
•    Weather vs. climate
•    Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
•    Water Cycle
•    How trees in a tropical rainforest help prevent global warming
•    What an efficient machine is
•    Causes of and gases involved in global warming
•    Different levels of a biosphere
•    Advantage/disadvantages of the various renewable/nonrenewable resources
•    Intensity of sunlight at poles vs. equator

Essays:
1.    Describe how Earth’s natural resources — air, water, and land, are being threatened today and what you can do at home and school to help conserve these resources.
2.    Water quality is extremely vital to the health of a pond or lake. (Explain each of the following water quality tests. What does each one test for in a pond or lake? What are the expected results for a healthy pond? Discuss temperature, turbidity, nitrates, and pH tests.


Chapter 14 Quiz
Definitions to Know:
•    Nonrenewable resources
•    Renewable resources
•    Geothermal
•    Resource
•    Petroleum
•    Solar
•    Fossil fuels
•    Heat
•    Emissions

Concepts to Know:
•    Examples of nonrenewable resources
•    Examples of renewable resources
•    Most used source of electricity production
•    How water on Earth is distributed (i.e. percent of salt water, freshwater, etc.)
•    Examples of products made of petroleum
•    Percentage of energy made from various sources
•    How each type of resource makes energy (i.e. how is wind energy made? how is nuclear energy made?) and where they come from
•    Why fossil fuels and nuclear energy are considered nonrenewable
•    Why solar, hydrogen, wind, biomass, hydro are considered renewable
•    Impact of nonrenewable and renewable energy sources on the environment
•    What happens when electricity is made and used
•    Advantages of “future” cars