Concepts to Know:
• how to read a topographic map • how contour lines on a topographic map show steep and flat slopes
• number of channels in a meandering river vs. number of channels in a braided stream
• the type of minerals that make up beach sand
• how beaches and waves differ from summer to winter
• how and when "bony beaches" are formed • how the supply of sand is replenished on a beach • what parts of a shore is considered "onshore" and what parts are "offshore" • three factors that affect the height of a wave (how high/big the wave gets) • why alluvial fans/deltas form • the force that pulls rock and soil down slopes • how to read a topographic map • how you can tell the speed of flowing water by examining the size of the grains found on the bottom of the river • how tides determine the boundary between the beach and the foreshore • how a beach can have too little or too much sand • which side of a hill to climb based on your reading of the topographic map • why tidal flats have both mud and sandy areas while a beach has only sand • how frost wedging can break rocks into smaller pieces
Essays:
1.
The Mississippi River is a mature river that has many meanders in it. Define a meander and explain how these meanders in the river are formed and how these meanders move downstream over time.
2. Assume you are a scientist placed in charge of preventing the erosion of a beach and a harbor on the California coast. The town along the coast has built a jetty to protect the beach and a breakwater to protect its harbor. Explain what side-effects will occur with the building of a jetty and breakwater and how best to solve the sand problems that arise.
Concepts to Know: • different zones of a shore, and where they are in relationship to each other • difference between tidal flat and beaches and how they are created • what is considered onshore • how beaches and waves differ from summer to winter • difference between a jetty and breakwater
Chapter 11 Quiz Definitions to Know: • physical weathering • chemical weathering • sediment • erosion • deposition • weathering • point bar • channel bar • graded bedding • frost wedging • glacier • meanders
Concepts to Know: • why and how meanders are formed • difference between chemical weathering and physical weathering and examples of each kind of weathering • how frost wedging happens • why graded bedding happens • where in a meander a channel bar or point bar would take place and why • how a straight river or meandering river might reveal its age • how glaciers can create valleys • how mountains become sediment • how water acts a physical weathering agent (need to be able to describe this)
Ecology Unit Test Definitions to Know:
• Symbiosis
• Competition
• Natural resource
• Consumer
• Producer
• Decomposer
• Primary, secondary, tertiary consumers
• Fossil fuels
• Energy pyramid
• Permafrost
• Pollution
• Conservation
• Biosphere
• Ecosystems
• Communities
• Populations
• Relative humidity
• Weather
• Climate
• All vocabulary for Chapter 14 Quiz
• Herbivore
• Biome
• Carnivore
• Photosynthesis
• Prey
• Predator
• Food chain
• Omnivore
• Tundra
• Desert
• Deciduous
• Fog
• Grasslands
• Tropical rainforest
• Coniferous
• Rainshadow
• Taiga
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Biomass
• Wind energy
• Solar energy
• Hydro energy
• Adaptation
• Petrochemical
• High latitude (close to poles) vs. low latitude (close to equator)
Concepts to Know:
• Examples of nonrenewable resources
• Examples of renewable resources
• Examples of natural resources (anything that comes naturally from Earth)
• Examples of fossil fuels
•
Characteristics of EACH OF THE BIOMES (location, rainfall, climate,
type of animals and plants, other important information, etc.)
o Temperate deciduous forest
o Tropical rainforests
o Temperate grasslands
o Savannas
o Desert
o Tundra
o Taiga
• How electricity is made
• Different names of grasslands
• Factors that affect climate
• Reasons for recycling
• Level of cost to produce energy from each of the natural resources we learned about
• Energy used mostly for transportation
• State that makes more electricity from wind than others
• Purpose of turbines
• Valuable uses of land
• Weather vs. climate
• Carbon-Oxygen Cycle
• Water Cycle
• How trees in a tropical rainforest help prevent global warming
• What an efficient machine is
• Causes of and gases involved in global warming
• Different levels of a biosphere
• Advantage/disadvantages of the various renewable/nonrenewable resources
• Intensity of sunlight at poles vs. equator
Essays:
1.
Describe how Earth’s natural resources — air, water, and land, are
being threatened today and what you can do at home and school to help
conserve these resources.
2. Water quality is extremely vital to
the health of a pond or lake. (Explain each of the following water
quality tests. What does each one test for in a pond or lake? What are
the expected results for a healthy pond? Discuss temperature,
turbidity, nitrates, and pH tests.
Concepts to Know: • Examples of nonrenewable resources • Examples of renewable resources • Most used source of electricity production • How water on Earth is distributed (i.e. percent of salt water, freshwater, etc.) • Examples of products made of petroleum • Percentage of energy made from various sources • How each type of resource makes energy (i.e. how is wind energy made? how is nuclear energy made?) and where they come from • Why fossil fuels and nuclear energy are considered nonrenewable • Why solar, hydrogen, wind, biomass, hydro are considered renewable • Impact of nonrenewable and renewable energy sources on the environment • What happens when electricity is made and used • Advantages of “future” cars
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