It happened because yet one more time in the course of human history a set of people couldn't handle their religion without killing others who don't subscribe to it. Please don't load your questions; it's pathetic, annoying and kindergartenish.
As for the Israeli's in the Levant, would you prefer the Palestinian Mandate under the British? Seriously, forget the Mandate; the first stone was slung over a thousand years ago and that region has been a powder-keg of religious divisions ever since. The die of Israel was cast from pure chaos. In supporting Israel, the United States succeeded the Palestinian Mandate and more or less ended the British colonial period which is no small thing. Granted, Eisenhower & Churchill took things a little too far in ousting Mossadegh in Iran later on, but figure the odds of Mossadegh turning Persia into a civilized land where heads wouldn't roll upon the slightest acrimony; then weigh those odds against the interests of the United States and Great Britain who were both fighting the Cold War at the time and simultaneously keeping the sea-lanes open for commerce for every country on the globe.
As for the people responsible for the attacks on New York and Washington, D.C. in 2001, many of the principles were former Mujahideen who drove Russia out of Afghanistan in the late 1980's using American-procured weapons. Perhaps we should have abstained from that operation but Afghanistan would be a member of the (atheist) Soviet Union to this day if it were not for the United States (and Israel too by the way - they helped).
America also put the coalition together which drove Iraq out of Kuwait in 1990.
American politicians do not get elected to advocate for the citizens of other countries; their job is to make America a better place for Americans. Sometimes that means using the military, the State Department, the CIA, or other tools at their disposal to try to bring order to chaotic regions of the world before, (or sometimes after), the chaos reaches our shores.
In the '80's the Mujahideen accepted our Stinger and Milan missiles graciously. They couldn't have beaten Russia without them. In the 1990's Al Qaeda knew that the U.S. presence in the middle east was for the most part by invitation. They could have struck Riyadh or the Al Khalifa's just as easily as the U.S. The Saudi Royal Family paid for the madrassas that taught them to hate, but the Saudi's also asked the U.S. to keep bases inside their borders. We didn't invade Saudi Arabia, we were invited.
So why didn't Al Qaeda strike at King Fahd? It doesn't make sense that they did not. In fact, considering all of the middle eastern governments who have opened their doors to the United States in the name of regional security in the past twenty years it is beyond my imagination that the U.S. would even make the short list of places that Al Qaeda would want to attack. It just doesn't make sense, but then again we have religion (mysticism) as a factor in these politics and that truly means that anything goes and nothing is bound to make any sense. So, once again I say that 9/11 occurred because, (for the 10,000th time in human history), a few people couldn't handle their mystical views without killing other people.