The question from the reader is a great question for it gets to the heart of battery manufacturing and begins to unravel the power of a battery. The answer is simply: 12 cells. But what does the answer mean and how does the number of cells relate to the overall value of a battery? Let’s find out…

What is a Battery and How Does it Create Energy?

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries have two electrodes, an anode (the negative end) and a cathode (the positive end). Collectively the anode and the cathode are called the electrodes. What is positve and what is the negative terminal? It would be great to simply say that the anode is negative and the cathode is positive, however, that is not always the case. Somtimes the opposite is true depending on battery technology.

In between the battery’s two electrodes runs an electrical current caused primarily from a voltage differential between the anode and cathode. The voltage runs through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This battery consisting of two electrodes is called a voltaic cell.

Therefore batteries in effect create electrochemical energy. In order to convert chemical energy into electrical energy there is a chain of events that have to occur prior to the creation of electrical energy. Key to the creation of electrochemical energy in batteries is that electrical energy is injected into two chemicals in a solution. Electricity is introduced into a battery via a charger. The charger acts as a conduit of the pushing electrons that are forcing their way into the chemical lithium. This charge process involves intercalation: the joining of a molecule (or molecule group) between two other molecules (or groups). Intercalation is the process of ions being pushed by electrical current into solid lithium compounds. Lithium is one of the chemical components used to create electrical energy in batteries. Lithium compounds have minuscule spaces between the crystallized planes for small ions to insert themselves from a force of current. Ionizing lithium loads the crystal planes to the point where they are forced into a current flow. Intercalation replenishes, in effect, lithium but the net result of ionization is the ultimate depletion of the lithium reactive property. You could say if you use it you will lose it!

But what makes lithium good for batteries is that lithium is one of the metals in the alkali group (the other metals include Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, and Francium). Lithium is a highly reactive metal. Lithium has only one electron in its outer shell (two electrons in its inner shell), which makes it chemically “ready” to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. Lithium is used as a battery anode material (due to its high electrochemical potential). Electrochemical potential is the sum of the chemical potential and the electrical potential. The higher the electrochemical potential the better the electrical current yields. In some lithium-based cells the electrochemical potential can be five times greater than an equivalent-sized lead-acid cell and three times greater than alkaline batteries. One other core advantage that lithium has is that it is soft and bendable which allows for tight configurations in small cell designs (PDAs. Laptops, Cameras etc…).

What Type of Lithium Cell is Used in Laptops

Now this brings us to battery cells and our original question from the reader. Lithium based battery cells are good but there are a variety of lithium based battery cells. For example the lithium based cell identified as 18650 is one of the most common battery cell on the market for laptops. 18650 is manufactured by many manufacturers including many private branded companies to public companies like LG, Sony, Sanyo, Samsung, Panasonic.

18650 is a 3.6V cylindrical Li-Ion cell. 18650 has no memory effect (distinguish between digital memory effect) and longer storage life than NiMH battery cells. 18650 is light weight and has a high energy density. It is in effect perfect for building batteries for laptop and other portable power devices.

The additional technical specifications for the 18650 battery cell include:

• Nominal Voltage Average 3.7 V – the concept of nominal voltage is that voltage range exists depending on the number of cells in the battery.
• Nominal Capacity – 2200 mAh (above 2200 the stability of lithium based cells is called into question)
• • Max. Charging Current – 2.4 Amps Max.
• • Max. Discharging Current – 4.6 Amps max.
• • Dimensions (DxH)  18.3 mm (Max 18.4) x 64.9 mm (Max 65.1)
• • Weight   46.5 g (1.64 oz)
• Internal Impedance  Internal Impedance: less or equal to 90 ohms
• Cycle Performance is 80% of initial capacity at 300 cycles

Now as stated above the reader asked how many cells were in the Toshiba Satellite M105-S3041 Laptop Battery? The battery is rated at 10.8 volts and a capacity of 8800 mAh.

As I mentioned above the nominal voltage average is 3.7V. Some manufacturers may use 3.6V and some may use 3.7V. In the case of a laptop battery with 10.8V the nominal voltage rating used is 3.6V. Thus if we divide 10.8V by 3.6V we get 3. Thus 3 cells in a series. We also know that the batteries capacity is 8800 mAh. We know the nominal capacity is 2200 mAh. Therefore if we divide 8800 mAh by 2200 mAh then we get 4 in parallel.

Therefore we have 3 cells in series X 4 cells in parallel equals 12 cells in total.

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My laptop battery recently died, and would not hold a charge, so I did some research online about how to revive it and came across an odd suggestion to freeze my laptop battery. I really didn’t have much to lose, as my battery was already completely dead, so it was either freeze it or buy a new one. I decided to stick it in the freezer.

I stuck my battery in the freezer for 24 hours, please note that this is a lithium ion battery and this method will not work for nickel-cadmium batteries. I wrapped the battery in a plastic bag to avoid condensation, as any water getting inside the battery will ruin it. When the 24 hours were up, I took the battery out and tapped it on the table kind of hard, this was done to break up the crystallization inside the battery.

I put the laptop battery inside the laptop after it warmed up to room temperature, if you put it in before then, it will probably wreck your battery, and maybe even your laptop. I then let my battery charge for 24 hours, and did not turn on the laptop, this is done to make sure that the battery takes a charge if it can. So after this, I powered on my laptop and it did hold a charge for about 30 minutes. Not bad, but not great, I still ended up having to buy a new battery but I wonder if I had done this earlier or for longer what the results might have been. It definitely did work and gave my battery at least some life.

Freezing your laptop battery is a last resort, if all else fails, there is no harm in trying it. I got a 30 minute charge, which was able to sustain me long enough until I could go to the store and buy a new battery. Lithium ion cells only hold a certain amount of charges, usually 500, before they die completely and there is no way around this. However freezing your laptop battery may enable you to squeeze the last few charges out of your battery.

In conclusion, you should freeze your laptop battery, it won’t hurt and might save you money and give you time until you can buy a new battery. Just make sure to follow the steps I took, if you want optimal results, maybe even leaving the battery in longer then 24 hours might be ideal.

Actually storing batteries in a cool place where they will not warm and cool repeatedly is enough to extend there life. It is not necessary to store in the freezer and I wouldn’t recommend using those frigid batteries until they’ve had a chance to warm up a bit since the battery will not send out the proper electrical charge when that cold. Storing a battery in a hot place or a place with a large or rapid temperature change certainly can shorten the life of the battery.
A good place to store batteries is in the fridge (not the freezer) where it is not so cold but, they stay at a more regularly cool temperature. This will help keep your unused batteries for their full shelf life and probably longer!

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A power plan is a collection of hardware and system settings that manage how your computer uses power. You can use power plans to reduce the amount of power your computer uses, maximize performance, or balance the two. For information about making your laptop battery last longer, see Conserving battery power.

Here are answers to some common questions about power plans.

How can I choose a different power plan?

If you’re using a laptop, click the battery icon  in the notification area on the taskbar, and then select one of the power plans that appear on the battery meter. By default, the Balanced and Power saver plans appear on the battery meter. Your computer manufacturer might provide additional plans and might customize the battery meter.

Battery meter showing power plans

If you aren’t using a laptop, or if you want to use a power plan that isn’t on the battery meter, do the following:

1. Open Power Options by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking System and Security, and then clicking Power Options.
2. On the Select a power plan page, select a power plan.

   If you don’t see the power plan that you want to use, click Show additional plans.

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The chemical reactions on discharge convert lead, lead oxides, and acid into free electrons (good stuff), water (also good stuff), and lead sulfates (bad stuff). The chemical reactions on recharge reverse the process. The tricky part is to recharge the battery in such a manner so that the sulfates are eliminated by recombining with water to re-form into acid without loosing the hydrogen and oxygen gasses that make up the water. Oxygen and hydrogen gas will be released at recharge voltages between 13.8 V (2.30 volts per cell) and 14.2 V (2.37 vpc). You will see later that virtually all battery chargers have output voltages during some portion of the charge algorithm that are higher than the gassing voltage. Battery construction plays a very large part in determining what happens to the oxygen and hydrogen gas after it is released as a by-product of the recharge chemical reaction.

What is a charge algorithm?

The battery charger controls the voltage that is applied to the battery, the amount of charge current that is supplied to the battery, and depending on the level of sophistication in the charger technology, the timing associated with what may be multiple voltage and current levels. The following paragraphs provide an overview with some significant detail of the different charging modes, or stages that may be included in a charging algorithm. Basically, a charge algorithm is a collection of all of the software controls over electrical parameters and timing that are applied sequentially to the charging system hardware for the express purpose of recharging a discharged battery. Stated a little more directly, the charging algorithm is what controls the battery charger behavior as measured at its electrical output terminals.

Battery Charging Algorithm Fundamentals:

There are 4 distinct charging modes, or stages, within a battery charging cycle. Not all of these modes are essential in every battery application. The software that controls the charge cycle modes is often referred to as an algorithm.

The General 4 Step Charging graph shows the 4 distinct charging stages or modes that will be described in detail later. The alpha indicators on the axes indicate general values for time, charging voltage, or charging current.

General 4 Step Charging Algorithm

Figure 1: General 4 Step Charging Algorithm
For the voltages: “A” is the voltage value held constant by the charger during the Absorption stage. “B” is the voltage value held constant by the charger during the Equalization stage. “C” is the voltage value held constant by the charger during the Storage or Float stage.

For the currents: “D” is the regulated current limit or the current value held constant by the charger during the Bulk Charge stage. “E” is the regulated current limit or the current value held constant by the charger during the Equalization stage. “F” is the maintenance current value provided by the charger during the Storage of Float stage.

For timing: “W” is the elapsed time for the Bulk Charge stage and is the starting time for the Absorption stage. “X” is the total elapsed time for both the Bulk Charge and Absorption stages. The duration of the Absorption stage is numerically equal to (X – W). “Y” is the total elapsed time from the start to the end of the current limit phase of the equalization stage. “Z” is the total elapsed time from the start to the beginning of the Storage or Float, Maintenance stage. The duration of the Storage or Float, Maintenance stage is indefinite. The duration of the Equalization stage is numerically equal to (Z-W-X).

The charger will remain in float as long as power is applied to the charger, or until some monitored circumstance occurs which resets the charge cycle, or until power is removed from the charger. A typical monitored circumstance that would trigger a charger reset would be if the battery voltage dropped below a certain value. This would indicate that a parasitic load is attached to the battery while it is being charged and that the amplitude of the parasitic load current is greater than the current being supplied by the charger. In that case, the battery is being discharged even while the charger is attempting to maintain its charge level. This circumstance is not at uncommon in industrial applications.

Virtually every battery manufacturer has developed different charging algorithms to optimize the recharge characteristics of a given style of battery in a given application. Sometimes the differences between these charging algorithms seems to be fairly insignificant, but depending upon the battery application, even seemingly slight differences in the charging algorithm can have a significant impact on the cycle life of the battery.

General 3 Step Charging Algorithm

Figure 2: General 3 Step Charging Algorithm
The General 3 Step Charging graph above shows the 3 charging stages. The descriptions are identical to the General 4 Step Charging Algorithm, except that there is no equalization charge stage. The alpha indicators on the axes indicate general values for time, charging voltage, or charging current.

For the voltages: “A” is the voltage value held constant by the charger during the Absorption stage. “C” is the voltage value held constant by the charger during the Storage or Float stage. For the currents: “D” is the regulated current limit or the current value held constant by the charger during the Bulk Charge stage. “F” is the maintenance current value provided by the charger during the Storage or Float, Maintenance stage.

For timing: “W” is the elapsed time for the Bulk Charge stage and is the starting time for the Absorption stage. “Z” is the total elapsed time for both the Bulk Charge and Absorption stages. The duration of the Absorption stage is numerically equal to (Z – W). “Z” is the total elapsed time from the start to the beginning of the Storage or Float, Maintenance stage. The duration of the Storage or Float stage is indefinite.

Adaptive 4 Step AGM Charging Algorithm

Figure 3: General 4 Step Charging Algorithm
For illustration purposes, each time interval corresponding to each charging mode will be highlighted on the above graph immediately preceding the description of the charging mode.

The previous graph shows voltage and charge current time profile for the most sophisticated charging algorithm available in Deltran chargers. This charging profile was developed by Deltran engineers in conjunction with manufacturers of Sealed, AGM (Absorbed Glass Matte), Lead Acid batteries. This particular algorithm, the Adaptive 4 Step AGM Charging Algorithm is only available on the higher-powered Battery Tender? products: the 300 and 600-Watt SuperSmart® High Frequency (Golf Cart style) chargers, and the High Powered, DVD and DVS dual and single output portable chargers.

Bulk Charge Mode: Constant Current, Increasing Battery Voltage

During this time, the battery is fully or partially discharged, in some state of charge less than 100%. On a 12 volt battery, the no load battery voltage is between 11.4 VDC, fully discharged, and 12.9-13.0VDC, fully charged. When the battery charger is connected to the battery and then turned on by plugging it into the 110 or 220VAC power source (wall socket), the charger will attempt to bring the battery voltage up to the level required to be in stage 2), the absorption charge mode. Sometimes this voltage level is called the “quick charge voltage”. Typically, this voltage is in the 14.2 to 15.0VDC range. The battery voltage rises because the charging current that is provided by the battery charger is replenishing its internal charge capacity. During bulk charge mode, the charger current is flat (constant) and the battery voltage is rising.

Absorption Charge Mode: Constant Battery Voltage, Decreasing Charge Current

Stage 2) Absorption Charge Mode: At this time the battery is approximately 80% recharged. The charger will now attempt to hold its output voltage constant while the battery continues to absorb charge (draw charging current) from the charger. The rate at which the battery continues to absorb charge in this mode gradually slows down. The amplitude of the charger current is gradually decreasing. During absorption charge mode, the charge current is falling and the battery voltage is flat (constant).

The transition from absorption charge mode to the next stage is determined either by a timer, or by the charger sensing the value of charge current and then switching over when the charge current drops below a certain threshold. For example, the Battery Tender? Plus (part of a different product line) switches out of absorption mode when the charge current falls below 100 milliamps (or 0.1 amp) or when the absorption mode has lasted for 8 hours. With properly set timers or charge current switch thresholds, the battery should be charged to more than 95% at the end of absorption mode. Ideally it would be at 100%, but there are some practical limitations that usually prevent full recharge.

Equalization Charge Mode: Constant Charge Current, Increasing Battery Voltage

Stage 3) Equalization Charge Mode: The equalization charge mode is optional and usually only included at the request of a specific battery manufacturer. At this time the battery is approximately 95% recharged. To speed up the delivery of the last 5% of the recharge, one of two things usually happen.

1) The charger switches over to a true constant current mode where the value of the charge current is a small percentage, usually never more than 20%, and typically in the 5% to 10% range, of the numerical value of the battery’s 10 or 20-hour capacity in amp-hours. Since the charger circuitry does not have the ability to directly sense the battery capacity, these relative percentages will only be true for a specific range of battery capacities. There is also a safety timer engaged and there is often a safety voltage limit, a “lid” or “ceiling” that performs an automatic shutoff or switch to stage 4) if the battery voltage attempts to rise higher than the safety limit. In either case, the higher constant voltage, or the lower true constant current perform a similar recharge function. That is to safely replenish the last 5% of the battery’s charge, in a minimum amount of time.

2) The charger voltage is set high, maybe 3 to 4 volts above the battery no load fully charged voltage with a safety timer. The battery then draws current until the timer shuts off. The reaction of the battery during this time is first to force the charger to deliver its maximum current. Then the amplitude of the charger current gradually decreases until the timer forces the charger to switch to the next charging mode. It’s almost like repeating the bulk and absorption charge modes together in a compressed time frame, with different voltage limits.

Float Maintenance Charge Mode

Figure 7: Float, Maintenance Charge Mode: Constant Battery Voltage, Decreasing Charge Current
Stage 4) Float, Storage, or Maintenance Charge Mode: The float charge mode is also optional on many battery chargers. However, ALL Deltran chargers have a float, maintenance charge mode. Basically a couple of features can be implemented in a float charge mode. The first is to simply put the charger in a constant (flat) voltage mode. The magnitude of the voltage should be a few tenths of a volt above the no load, fully charged battery voltage, typically between 13.2 to 13.6 VDC. The second is to turn off the charger, and monitor the no load battery voltage. When the no load battery voltage drops below a present threshold, the charger comes on for a short period of time in a constant voltage mode. The numerical value of the voltage is usually somewhere between the typical float voltage and the manufacturer’s recommended quick charge voltage. That was the constant voltage value used in the absorption charge mode, usually between 14.2 and 15.0 VDC. This second method is sometimes called “hysteresis charging” or “window charging”.

Traditionally, the entire Battery Tender product line has incorporated a constant voltage float charge mode. The 70W product line implements a somewhat unique combination of the two general methods just described. In float mode the charger output voltage is a constant, somewhere between 13.2 and 13.6 VDC, depending on the specific model number. Also, the charger continues to monitor the battery voltage. If the battery voltage drops below a threshold, usually set at between 12.0 and 12.5 VDC, the charger will reinitialize its charging cycle. The Battery Tender response to low battery voltage is more effective than the traditional hysteresis charging method because it allows the battery to be fully recharged more quickly.

NOTE: Without some type of battery or charger malfunction, the only way that the battery voltage can go down below the charger output voltage is if the battery is connected to an external load that draws current from the battery. As the battery delivers current, its charge capacity decreases and its voltage drops. When the battery charger is connected to the battery while the battery is under load, and if the load current is large enough, then the charger current is diverted to the load.

As long as they are functioning properly, the Battery Tender battery chargers can be left connected to the battery indefinitely.

NOTE: The obvious question is: “What happens if the charger is not functioning properly and it is left connected to a battery?” Batteries store a tremendous amount of energy due to their electrochemical composition. As that energy is transferred out of the battery into a load (discharging) and into the battery from a charger (charging), there are some risks involved. The basic chemical reaction occurs between the conductive lead grid, the various oxides and active materials, and the sulfuric acid, which is the electrolyte. Depending on the reaction rates, the sulfuric acid will decompose in to gaseous components. The biggest danger to a battery is water loss, ultimately resulting from the escape of hydrogen and oxygen gasses during recharge. The importance of charging voltage values applied to a battery, and the reason that several manufacturers recommend different charging voltages, is the effect that the charging voltage has on the acid decomposition into gas, or just simply “gassing”. The more gas that is generated, the more water that is lost, the quicker the battery dries out, and ultimately wears out.

Now back to the original question. If a battery charger fails during continuous float / maintenance mode such that its output charging voltage is higher than the minimum gassing voltage of the battery, the battery will expel gas and dry out. The other danger is that any mixture of hydrogen and oxygen containing more than 4% hydrogen is potentially explosive. Therefore it is very important to periodically monitor the battery to make sure that there is not a problem. Also, the battery should be recharged in an open area with good ventilation, away from any sources of sparks or combustion, like water heaters and electrical motors.

Deltran Chargers: General Charging Algorithm Summary:

The Battery Tender Junior implements 3 of the charge cycle stages, Bulk, Absorption, and Float.

The Battery Tender Plus implements 3 of the charge cycle stages, Bulk, Absorption, and Float.

Shop Chargers, 5 & 10 Bank units implement the same algorithm as the Battery Tender Plus only at a higher current.

The International Battery Tender both the single output unit and 4-Bank Battery Management System implement 3 of the charge cycle stages, Bulk, Absorption, and Float. (Exactly the same as the Battery Tender Plus)

All 70W Battery Tender product line models (Lightweight, On-Board, Power Tenders) implement 3 of the charge cycle stages, Bulk, Absorption, and Float.

The high power chargers, DVS, DVD, and SuperSmart® High Frequency (Golf Cart style) chargers implement either 3 or all 4 of the charge cycle stages. The Equalization charge mode is only used on specific models.

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HP has announced its revamped series of Envy ultrabooks at a press conference in Shanghai and leading the new range is the flagship Spectre XT.

While other HP ultrabooks have had a unique look all their own, the new XT is a step backwards – the tapered metal design apes the Macbook Air which inspired ultrabooks in the first place. The pre-production unit we tried didn’t feel very sturdy either – the lid flexed alarmingly under even a minimal amount of pressure.

We were also disappointed to discover that the 13in screen only has a screen resolution of 1,366×768 pixels. A higher resolution of 1,440×900 or 1,600×900 would make it far more useful, especially when working on large documents and images or using programs with lots of windows.

At least the Spectre XT has a comfortable and responsive backlit keyboard and weighs just 1.4kg. It will come fitted with Intel’s latest Ivy Bridge laptop processors which should be faster and more power efficient than the Sandy Bridge processors used in current ultrabooks. The Spectre XT will come with other benefits as well, such as preinstalled copies of Adobe Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements 10 for editing photos and videos respectively.

Exact UK pricing and specifications weren’t yet available at the time of writing, but Eurozone pricing starts at €999. The Spectre XT should be available from the end of June.

Bigger and better?

If that sounds like far too much money to spend on a laptop, HP has cheaper ultrabooks available in the form of the 14in and 15.6in Envy 4 and 6 models. Although these are heavier at around 1.8kg they should also be cheaper at around €650. While these laptops will be available in either a striking black and red or plain brushed metal, the pre-production models we saw exhibited the same creaky build quality as the Spectre XT which we hope will be fixed in the final models.

Sadly, despite their increased screen size, neither the 14in and 15.6in Envy ultrabooks will have high resolution screens and will be limited to the same 1,366×768 pixel resolution.

Interestingly, these models will be available with a choice of either Intel or AMD processors. The Intel-equipped models will, as expected, come with Intel’s latest Ivy Bridge processors, but there’s an option to have AMD Fusion processors at a slightly lower price. Since Intel owns the ultrabook trademark, HP is calling these new AMD thin and light laptops ‘sleekbooks’.

While HP’s use of AMD processors could provide much needed competition to keep Intel on its toes, we’re sceptical about the increasing wooliness of the already vague ultrabook brand. All ultrabooks were previously 13in laptops with solid state disks, but screen sizes are creeping upwards and cheaper but less rugged hard disks are taking the place of SSDs too. This risks diluting the usefulness of the ultrabook brand as an easy way for customers to identify rugged, fast booting, thin and light laptops. This may not matter though if all laptops eventually take on ultrabook characteristics.

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Battery icon showing a notification that a battery is no longer holding a full charge

This notification is new in Windows 7—earlier versions of Windows can’t notify you when your battery is going bad. If you’ve recently upgraded to Windows 7 and are receiving this notification, it probably means that you need to replace your battery. If you don’t want to receive this notification, you can turn it off by clearing the check box on the battery meter.

If you receive the “Consider replacing your battery” notification, and aren’t sure if you should replace your battery, here are some things to consider:

• Laptop batteries have different capacities—the amount of charge that they’re designed to hold. Over time, laptop batteries will lose their ability to hold a charge, as is the case for all rechargeable batteries. This means that even though you’re fully charging your battery, the actual amount of power that the battery can hold is going down. You can find information about the capacity of your laptop battery by looking at the information printed on the battery, or reading the information that came with the laptop or battery.
• Even relatively new batteries can fail or become damaged—exposure to extreme heat can damage a battery—and quickly go from holding a charge to not holding a charge. Many computer manufacturers have a warranty of one year for laptop batteries. If your battery is less than a year old or has become damaged, contact your computer manufacturer. If the battery is over a year old, it might need to be replaced.
• If you plan to replace your battery, you should contact your computer manufacturer, or buy a battery that is made by your computer manufacturer, since it is designed to work best with your computer.
• The manufacturer of the battery is responsible for the condition and quality of the battery. Batteries do sometimes fail, so it’s a good idea to only buy new batteries that come with a warranty.

Note

The battery meter in Windows might become less accurate as the battery begins to hold less capacity. Your laptop might go into hibernation or shut down sooner than indicated.

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First put the laptop computer to sleep by turning off the screensaver and other power management settings of the computer. Then fully charge the computer and allow it to run all the way down until the computer shuts off automatically. Once the laptop battery has fully drained, charge it back up again and restore the screensaver and power management settings.

Re-calibrate your battery every month or so by fully charging, fully discharging, and then fully charging again. Basically to have a chance to re-calibrate your laptop battery is to turn off all power-saving features completely and then fully recharge them.

The above way of re-calibrating the laptop batteries works well with laptops using Ni-MH cells. But not with laptops using Li-Ion batteries because deep discharges will actually decrease the charge capacity and lifespan of Li-Ion cells. Moreover Li-ion batteries irreversibly lose approximately 20% capacity per year from the time of manufacture at a typical 100% charge level at 25deg.C, even when unused. Li-ion batteries irreversibly lose approximately 2%, 4%, 15% at 0deg.C, 25deg.C and 40deg.C respectively, when stored at 40% charge level. That is every deep discharge cycle decreases the capacity of the Li-ion batteries. As the Li-Ion batteries are chemical in nature, charging and recharging is not going to fix the problem once the chemical reactions stop happening. Therefore the best advice for re-calibrating the Li-Ion batteries is to store the battery at 40% charge if it kept unused for any unlimited period of time. Also don’t leave the battery in the laptop if you don’t use the battery or if you plug the laptop into outlet power.

You can also re-calibrate your laptop battery using Lenovo Thinkpad Battery Maximizer in order to maximize your laptop battery’s life. If your laptop has IBM ThinkPad Battery MaxiMiser and Power Management features installed, you can verify the condition of the laptop battery. You can check the status of your battery using the Battery MaxiMiser Gauge in the taskbar tray. The ThinkPad’s Lithium Ion battery pack that seems to be an intelligent battery uses a microprocessor to monitor its capacity. Then the microprocessor of the battery pack passes the information about the remaining battery capacity to the laptop. The laptop indicates the capacity with high accuracy.

Using the HP Laptop Battery Learning Utility, a modified version of a Win98 boot floppy, can also help you. Just place it in the floppy drive, and then turn on the computer. The re-calibration process is automated and takes about six hours to finish. This utility is available in different versions for different models. You can run the utility every two months.

If the laptop battery is still bad then it must have developed a memory that cannot be erased easily. If calibration doesn’t help, then it is the right time to purchase another battery.

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Toshiba announced the price and configuration of laptops belonging to the family Toshiba Portégé R800. This is a laptop designed for business users, which includes entertainment, multimedia and . Toshiba Portege R830 includes different models though, the most interesting, we point out that with Sandy Bridge processor TOSHIBA Portege R830 battery from Intel. At a cost of 889 dollars, you can buy the Toshiba Portégé R835-ST3N01 with Sandy Bridge processor 2310M, 2.1 GHz Core i3 on a Mobile Intel Express HM65.

Furthermore, the notebook has a traditional network adapter Gigabit Ethernet and 802.11b/g/n WiFi connectivity to connect to any hotspot. The power of the TOSHIBA Tecra R840 battery device is left to a Lithium-Ion 6-cell and that you do not know the independence declared is true though that the next 9 hours per charge. I believe that this is the first choice for people who often go business outside.

Toshiba Portege R830 is equipped as standard with the operating system Windows 7 Home Premium and Microsoft offers a HDMI video output for connection to high-definition televisions, a DVD burner and always useful, a multiformat card reader, USB 3.0 to high speed data transfer, Bluetooth 3.0 module to interact with TOSHIBA Satellite R630 battery compatible devices, and an integrated webcam for video conferencing. These featured design will attract you to have a try to buy it.

Among other features, the presence of a combined port eSATA / USB port for connecting external hard drives or similar devices, and Intel Wireless Display and by which you can transfer audio / video content to and from compatible device using wireless connections. Among the latest of the producer, also TOSHIBA Tecra R700 battery purchased the laptop LCD monitor with USB technology which we have discussed in this article.

Related Battery Code:TOSHIBA P000531460,TOSHIBA PABAS235,TOSHIBA PABAS236,TOSHIBA PABAS249,TOSHIBA PABAS250,

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